DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑下的摩擦性能

采用闭合场非平衡直流磁控溅射技术和阴极电弧离子镀技术在轴承钢表面分别制备了DLC 和

CrN 薄膜,在全配方发动机油(CF-4,15W/40)润滑条件下,选择DLC/ 钢、CrN/ 钢摩擦配副,用SRV-IV 摩擦实

验机考察了25℃和100℃时DLC 与CrN 薄膜在不同载荷下的摩擦因数和磨损率,并对摩擦界面进行分析。结

果表明:DLC 和CrN 薄膜在油润滑条件下的摩擦因数都随着载荷的增加而降低;DLC 和CF-4 构成的固液复合

润滑体系具有更加优异的摩擦学性能;活性较高的CrN 薄膜与发动机油中的添加剂相互作用,在摩擦界面上

发生摩擦化学反应形成摩擦化学反应膜,并且薄膜表面形成的氧化层有利于提高薄膜在高温时的耐磨性。

     

Tribological evaluation of surface modified H13 tool steel in warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet

The H13 hot-working tool steel is widely used as die material in the warm forming of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet. However, under the heating condition, severe friction and lubricating conditions between the H13 tools and Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy sheet would cause difficulty in guaranteeing forming quality. Surface modification may be used to control the level of friction force, reduce the friction wear and extend the service life of dies. In this paper, four surface modification methods(chromium plating, TiAlN coating, surface polishing and nitriding treatment)were applied to the H13 surfaces. Taking the coefficient of friction(CoF) and the wear degree as evaluation indicators, the high-temperature tribological behavior of the surface modified H13 steel was experimentally investigated under different tribological conditions. The results of this study indicate that the tribological properties of the TiAlN coating under dry friction condition are better than the others for a wide range of temperature(from room temperature to 500 C), while there is little difference of tribological properties between different surface modifications under graphite lubricated condition, and the variation law of CoF with temperature under graphite lubricated is opposite to that under the dry friction.     

电子束物理气相沉积La2Zr2O7热障涂层研究

为克服传统热障涂层材料YSZ耐温性能和隔热性能的不足,以ZrO2和La2O3为原料,采用无压烧结法合成了烧绿石结构化合物La2Zr2O7,用电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)法在高温合金基体上制备了La2Zr2O7涂层,分析了涂层的成分,并对其显微结构、热物理性能与传统YSZ热障涂层进行了对比研究.结果表明,La2Zr2O7涂层成分处于P结构范围内,呈典型的柱状晶结构,柱状晶头部呈明显的金字塔形状.与传统YSZ柱状晶相比,La2Zr2O7涂层的柱状晶紊乱度更大,尺寸更加细小,并且柱状晶上的树枝状亚晶更多.在25～1200℃范围内,La2Zr2O7涂层的热导率最大为0.985W/(m·K),最小为0.796 W/(m·K),大大低于同条件下的YSZ涂层.低本征热导率、小柱状晶直径、大紊乱度、密度轻及高孔隙率是造成La2.Zr2O7涂层低热导率的主要因素.     

镁合金AZ91表面弧辉等离子沉积TiN/CrN薄膜的摩擦行为研究

镁合金具有高的比强度、低的弹性模量、减震等优点,在航空航天领域具有很大的应用前景.但是低劣的耐磨性导致镁合金限制于制造静载零件.为改进其耐磨性,采用弧辉等离子沉积的新工艺在镁合金AZ91表面涂覆TiN/CrN多层薄膜.薄膜由12层TiN和CrN交替沉积而成,总厚度为2 μm.用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和辉光放电光谱(GDS)分析涂层的成分和微观结构.采用球盘磨损试验测试摩擦系数,并计算出比磨损率.结果表明,与未处理试样相比摩擦系数增大,但磨损率急剧下降.薄膜的表面硬度超过HK0.011433.     

High-temperature tribological behaviors of a Cr-Si co-alloyed layer on TA15 alloy

A Cr-Si co-alloyed layer was successfully deposited on TA15 alloy by the double glow plasma surface technology to improve its poor wear resistance at elevated temperature.The microstructure,composition,and phase structure of the layer were investigated by SEM,EDS,and XRD.The tribological behaviors of the Cr-Si co-alloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were analyzed in details.The results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Cr-Si coalloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were much lower than those of the substrate,which was due to higher hardness and superior elastic modulus.This layer may become an approach to effectively improving the wear resistance of TA15 alloy at elevated temperature.     

Crack monitoring method based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential technique for metal structure

Advanced crack monitoring technique is the cornerstone of aircraft structural health monitoring.To achieve real-time crack monitoring of aircraft metal structures in the course of service,a new crack monitoring method is proposed based on Cu coating sensor and electrical potential difference principle.Firstly,insulation treatment process was used to prepare a dielectric layer on structural substrate,such as an anodizing layer on 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate,and then a Cu coating crack monitoring sensor was deposited on the structure fatigue critical parts by pulsed bias arc ion plating technology.Secondly,the damage consistency of the Cu coating sensor and2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate was investigated by static tensile experiment and fatigue test.The results show that strain values of the coating sensor and the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy substrate measured by strain gauges are highly coincident in static tensile experiment and the sensor has excellent fatigue damage consistency with the substrate.Thirdly,the fatigue performance discrepancy between samples with the coating sensor and original samples was investigated.The result shows that there is no obvious negative influence on the fatigue performance of the 2A12-T4 aluminum alloy after preparing the Cu coating sensor on its surface.Finally,crack monitoring experiment was carried out with the Cu coating sensor.The experimental results indicate that the sensor is sensitive to crack,and crack origination and propagation can be monitored effectively through analyzing the change of electrical potential values of the coating sensor.     

磁力支承复合水润滑轴承动力学及摩擦学性能研究

为减小轴承接触摩擦力及其对轴系振动的影响,基于磁力支承技术,设计一种全新的集成永磁支承力的复合式水润滑轴承,并对其摩擦学及动力学性能进行分析.研究发现:该设计能有效改善轴承润滑状态,最小液膜压力能提高79.6％,最大液膜压力减小幅度达75.7％,同时,艉轴稳定性保证在1～8,远大于其稳定性阈值0.02,该设计为未来船舶...     

表面处理对热障涂层界面微结构的影响

采用真空电弧离子镀技术在单晶高温合金DD32上制备HY5金属粘结层,通过振动光饰、吹砂2种不同的表面处理方法改变粘结层表面状态,再在粘结层表面利用电子束物理气相沉积技术制备陶瓷层。研究了不同处理方法对粘结层表面状态的影响;测试了不同表面处理方法下制备的热障涂层的高温氧化性能并对比分析了它们的变化规律。此外,探讨了不同表面处理方法对界面元素成分及失效特征的影响。研究结果表明,通过表面处理可以去除粘结层表面较大的凸起,提高表面平整度,提高热障涂层抗氧化性能。与粗糙界面相比,光滑界面形成的TGO层均匀致密,Al含量高。经长时间的高温氧化后,粗糙界面的TGO层出现明显皱曲现象,陶瓷层开裂剥落。     

Investigations on femtosecond laser-induced surface modification and periodic micropatterning with anti-friction properties on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy

Titanium alloys have a wide application in aerospace industries as it has greater strength and low density, but it has poor tribological properties. To improve its friction and wear performance, in present work, a femtosecond laser is used to directly irradiate the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy surface in air conditioning, which results in localized ablation and the formation of periodic microstructures but also a strong pressure wave, propagating the material inside. Through the optimization of proces...     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊表面冷喷涂层的结构与耐蚀性

采用冷喷涂技术在2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头上制备Al涂层,以提高搅拌摩擦焊接头耐蚀性。通过数字显微镜、扫描电镜、电化学工作站对Al涂层的结构及耐蚀性进行表征。结果表明:冷喷Al涂层质量良好,孔隙率仅为0.77%,涂层内部存在等轴晶、细化晶粒以及拉长晶粒,涂层界面以机械咬合为主,涂层/接头区界面质量明显优于涂层/母材区界面;电化学数据显示,涂层腐蚀敏感性较低,自腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度均低于热影响区,冷喷涂层降低了搅拌摩擦焊接头的腐蚀敏感性;晶间腐蚀实验表明,腐蚀6 h后,涂层最大腐蚀深度仅为热影响区最大腐蚀深度的50%,证明冷喷涂技术显著改善了搅拌摩擦焊接头的耐腐蚀性。     

升温与加载顺序对NiTi纤维圆柱体应力分布的影响

利用具有预应变NiTi纤维的圆柱体剪滞模型,在一定的简化条件下,求得纤维轴向应力及界面剪应力解析表达式.针对马氏体逆相变过程,在先加外载后升高温度与先升高温度后加外载两种条件下,对纤维和界面的应力分布以及马氏体逆相变开始温度的确定进行分析.计算结果表明,由于纤维轴向应力对相变温度存在影响,升温与加载的顺序不同其应力分布也不同.先加外载后升温时,NiTi纤维逆相变开始温度较高,逆相变过程较短,因此纤维轴向应力及界面剪应力较小.     

EB-PVD热障涂层对IC10合金力学性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在IC20合金基体上制备NiCrAlYSi粘结层,利用电子束物理气相沉积（EB—PVD）技术在粘结层上制备YSZ陶瓷面层。研究了YSZ热障涂层对IC10合金拉伸、持久、疲劳性能的影响。结果表明：IC10合金沉积YSZ热障涂层后,980℃／200MPa高温持久寿命与IC10合金相当;900℃高温抗拉强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、伸长率占和断面收缩率砂与基体相比,基本保持不变;室温抗拉强度σb。屈服强度σ0.2：与基体相比稍有下降;800℃／447MPa疲劳寿命与基体合金相当。因此,IC10合金沉积TBCs涂层后,对IC10合金力学性能无明显影响,不影响合金的实际使用。     

空间摩擦学及其材料的研究进展

综述了空间苛刻服役环境及其对空间摩擦学材料性能影响的研究,深入分析了空间环境对空间摩擦材料、空间耐磨材料和空间减摩材料摩擦磨损机理的影响。空间摩擦材料主要应用于空间对接机构及空间机械臂中,应具有稳定的摩擦力矩与优良的抗黏着磨损性能。空间耐磨材料主要应用于空间轴承、齿轮和密封件等部件中,如FeAl金属间化合物在高温下抗蠕变性急剧下降,常通过添加金属元素(Ce,Cr,Mn,Mo,Nb,W等)及固体润滑剂提高材料抗蠕变性能;Ti及其合金常通过表面改性改善黏着性;与基体结合性良好的耐磨涂层可以较大程度的改善材料的耐磨性。空间减摩材料主要指润滑剂与自润滑材料,如软金属Pb、高分子材料PI和PTFE等,以及某些金属的氧化物,氟化物和硫化物等,能较好地降低材料表面的摩擦因数。随着航天科技的发展,亟须开发新型高性能空间摩擦学材料,建立摩擦学材料数据库,以应对国际航天技术发展的挑战。     

沉积含Si过渡层对于不锈钢上沉积的DLC薄膜的性能影响

本文介绍了采用RF-PECVD法在3Cr13不锈钢基体圆片上沉积制备类金刚石多层膜,其内层薄膜为掺Si的过渡层,外层为不同厚度的在50～1000 nm之间的类金刚石薄膜（DLC）。实验结果表明沉积过渡层可以有效提高薄膜与基体的结合力。类金刚石薄膜的摩擦系数和薄膜在摩擦过程中的损坏情况都与外层薄膜的厚度有关。     

钛合金表面镍基喷焊涂层的组织和耐磨行为

采用火焰喷焊技术对钛合金表面进行耐磨改性,可以较好地解决实施工艺过程中的工程适应性问题,但对于任何一种表面耐磨处理技术,耐磨性能的改善和提高都是其最终目的。考察了钛合金表面上3种不同成分的镍基火焰喷焊涂层的组织和耐磨行为。研究发现,3种成分的镍基涂层都具有韧基体+硬质相的耐磨组织,其基体均为强韧性很好的镍基固溶体,但硬质相的差别较大。在相同试验条件下,100%的F102涂层、含4%La2O3的稀土复合涂层和含25%WC的N i-WC复合涂层的磨损失重仅为未处理钛合金的1/6,1/8和1/10。试验结果表明,采用火焰喷焊技术对钛合金表面进行耐磨处理,可以有效地改善表面的耐磨性。     

γ-TiAl金属间化合物合金激光表面合金化组织与摩擦学性能

分别利用预涂活性碳粉和 Ti C粉 2种方法对γ-Ti Al基合金 Ti-4 8Al-2 Cr-2 Nb进行激光表面合金化,制得了无裂纹、表面光滑、内部组织致密、厚度可达 1.6mm以上的、以硬质 Ti C树枝晶为增强相的快速凝固“原位”金属基耐磨复合材料表面改性层,分别采用 OM,SEM,EDS,XRD等方法分析了激光合金化耐磨表面改性层的显微组织,分别在销 -环滑动磨损、Si C纤维刷式高速滑动磨损及微动磨损条件下评价了激光表面改性层的摩擦学性能。结果表明 :采用上述 2种方法所获激光表面合金层组织均匀、与基体间结合为完全冶金结合,合金层硬度及在 3种磨损条件下的耐磨性均大幅度提高。激光表面合金化是提高γ-Ti Al合金摩擦性能的一种很有前途的表面改性方法     

类金刚石薄膜的微/纳米机械和摩擦性能

采用真空磁过滤等离子电弧沉积的方法在9Crl8钢上沉积不同厚度的DLC膜。为了检测成膜质量，在较宽的载荷范围内分别使用显微硬度、纳米压痕和划痕技术表征9Crl8钢和DLC／9Crl8的机械和摩擦性能。结果显示，9Crl8和DLC的纳米硬度和弹性模量分别为8GPa、250GPa和60GPa、600GPa，9Crl8、DLC和有机膜的摩擦系数分别为0．35、0．20和0．13。纳米压痕和划痕技术能为DLC／9Crl8提供丰富的近表面弹塑性变形和摩擦、磨损等信息。DLC／9Crl8的机械和摩擦性能的研究可以用来评估膜的承载和抗磨损性能。     

7YSZ coating prepared by PS-PVD based on heterogeneous nucleation

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) as a novel coating process based on low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS) has been significantly used for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A coating can be deposited from liquid splats, nano-sized clusters, and the vapor phase forming different structured coatings, which shows obvious advantages in contrast to conventional technologies like atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In addition, it can be used to produce thin, dense, and porous ceramic coatings for special applications because of its special characteristics, such as high power, very low pressure, etc. These provide new opportunities to obtain different advanced microstructures, thus to meet the growing requirements of modern functional coatings. In this work, focusing on exploiting the potential of gas-phase deposition from PS-PVD, a series of 7YSZ coating experiments with various process conditions was performed in order to better understand the deposition process in PS-PVD, where coatings were deposited on different substrates including graphite and zirconia. Meanwhile, various substrate temperatures were investigated for the same substrate. As a result, a deposition mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation has been presented showing that surface energy is an important influencing factor for coating structures. Besides, undercooling of the interface between substrate and vapor phase plays an important role in coating structures.     

运动油滴/固体壁面斜碰撞的状态辨识及特征分析

 航空发动机轴承腔油气两相流动与换热研究是轴承腔润滑与换热设计的重要基础工作,而运动油滴与轴承腔壁面的碰撞状态辨识及特征分析是轴承腔油气两相流动与换热研究的组成部分。基于VOF方法建立了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞数值仿真模型,实现了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞状态的数值模拟,分析了碰撞油滴直径、入射角和碰撞速度对沉积油膜铺展长度、油膜堆积厚度和溅射油滴数目等碰撞状态特征参数的影响规律,提出了运动油滴与固体壁面斜碰撞条件下的状态判断准则,并得到了文献的物理试验工作的支持。研究结果表明:随着油滴入射角减小,沉积油膜铺展长度和油膜堆积厚度增大,溅射油滴数目减少;随着碰撞速度和油滴直径的增大,沉积油膜铺展长度和溅射油滴数目均增大,但油膜堆积厚度对应前者呈减小趋势、对应后者仍呈增大趋势。     

高温合金纳米晶涂层的发展

高温合金纳米晶涂层是一种新的高温合金防护涂层体系.与目前通常采用的涂层不同,其成分与基体合金基本相同,有良好的抗氧化性能,且避免了传统涂层高温使用后在涂层与基体间因互扩散形成的脆性有害相.高温合金纳米晶涂层是在研究晶粒度对合金抗氧化性能影响的基础上发展起来的.本文综述了国内外对晶粒细化影响铁基合金、金属间化合物、高温合金等氧化性能的研究概况,重点介绍了高温合金溅射纳米晶涂层的研究结果.