Hot deformation behavior and strain compensation constitutive model of equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy

In this work, two-stage diffusion bonding of micro-duplex TC4 titanium alloy was carried out to study the flow behavior and constitutive models of the bonding joint and the base metal after the same thermal cycling during the hot forming process. Microstructure and mechanical properties test were used to verify the good quality of the equiaxed fine grain diffusion-welded TC4 alloy. Quasi-static tensile experiment was carried out at temperatures ranging from 750–900 °C and strain rates of 0.0001–0.1 s⁻¹. The joint showed the weak dynamic recovery at strain rates of 0.01–0.1 s⁻¹ and temperatures of 750–850 °C. At strain rates of 0.0001–0.001 s⁻¹ and temperatures of 850–900 °C, the flow stress of joint presented steady-state characteristics. Different deformation conditions lead to the remarkable difference of dynamic softening performance between the joint and heat-treated base metal, but the flow stress in elastic and strain hardening stages exhibited similar behavior. The strain compensated Arrhenius-type constitutive models of TC4 joint and heat-treated base metal were developed respectively. The fifth-order polynomial functions between the material property correlation coefficients and strain were obtained. The models have shown good correlation, with correlation coefficient values of 0.984 and 0.99. The percentage average absolute relative error for the models were found to be 10% and 9.46%, respectively.     

涡扇发动机多动力学建模方法

考虑涡扇发动机转子部件的惯性、容腔中质量与能量的堆积效应和高低温部件间的热交换,依据转子动力学、容积动力学及热力学建立涡扇发动机部件级非线性动态数学模型。通过求解质量、动量和能量的一阶微分方程,获得发动机典型截面处的性能参数。该模型能够反映涡扇发动机温度、压力、转速等12个关键参数的动态特性,避免传统转子动力学迭代模型的迭代求解,提高了模型实时性。模型输出与试验数据对比结果表明,其稳态误差小于1.6%,最大动态误差小于5%,单次流路计算平均耗时为0.009 ms。     

径向间隙及加工工艺对气体箔片轴承性能的影响

为了分析轴承的加工工艺和径向间隙对轴承静态、动态性能的影响,设计搭建了静态、动态实验台,利用改变轴颈尺寸的方法研究不同径向间隙对气体箔片轴承(GFB)静态性能和动态性能的影响,还分别研究了不同波箔弹性结构、不同箔片材料和不同波箔热处理方式等因素对轴承性能的影响.结果表明:随着径向间隙减小,气体箔片轴承静刚度及其动态结构刚度增大,其等效黏性阻尼随着径向间隙的减小,出现先增大后减小的趋势.在工艺上箔片材料及波箔弹性结构对轴承性能的影响起重要作用.     

涡产生器倾角对换热器内流动与换热特性的影响

为优化涡产生器强化传热的性能,通过改变三角翼式涡产生器的倾角,数值分析了倾角变化对板式换热器通道内流动与换热特性的影响,倾角变化范围为-30°～30°。获得了不同倾角下通道内的纵向涡、涡量分布,换热及阻力特性。结果表明涡产生器倾斜方向对流动与换热的影响不同,存在最佳的涡产生器倾角-10°,使得换热通道内涡产生器强化换热的性能最优;改变倾角可进一步提高涡产生器的强化传热性能,不同倾角对应努塞尔数和热性能评价因子间的最大差值分别达到8.9%和5.7%。     

径向磁气组合轴承系统的动态性能

为探究磁轴承失效时能否减轻转子跌落带来的损害,将人字槽径向动压气体轴承引入磁轴承转子系统,研究磁气组合轴承对系统动态性能的影响和动压气体轴承的支承特性。采用有限差分法和小扰动法求解气膜厚度方程和雷诺方程,研究动压气体轴承的静动态特性。对磁轴承电磁力进行了分析,采用磁轴承不完全微分PID（比例-积分-微分）控制策略,对系统进行了理论模态分析和试验模态分析,完成了系统高速旋转试验,测试了动压气体轴承在不同偏心率和转速下的承载力。结果表明,引入动压气体轴承可提高系统的动态性能,在磁轴承失效造成高速转子跌落瞬间,偏心率趋近于1,两个径向动压气体轴承能够产生较大承载力,减轻转子跌落造成的损害。      

基于代理模型的高超声速飞行器外形参数优化

针对高超声速飞行器分析复杂且难度较大,提出了一种代理模型的构建方法,使用代理模型近似替代性能分析与优化过程中含有复杂学科耦合的机理模型。根据巡航任务需求,确定了优化目标为静动态性能最优与模型差异最小。使用灵敏度分析的方法,建立了代理模型。将代理模型进行静动态性能分析,并与机理模型配平结果进行了对比验证,发现两个模型的配平特性趋势是完全一致的,迎角的数值差不足3%,升降舵偏转角的数值差仅在前体下倾角较大时偏大,约为20%。基于构建的代理模型与优化的性能指标,对模型的外形参数进行了配平性能优化与间隙度量优化,并与机理模型的优化结果与优化效率进行对比,发现两者结果相差不足2%,但使用代理模型的优化效率提高了456%,证明了基于代理模型的优化可以在确保精度的基础上提高优化效率。      

Radioisotope AMTEC power system designs for spacecraft applications

The authors describe and compare small (two-module) and larger (16-module) AMTEC (alkali metal thermal-to-electric converter) radioisotope powered systems and describe the computer model developed to predict their performance. The high efficiency and static conversion process combined with minimized parasitic losses and operating temperatures that allow the use of current materials while still maintaining a competitive radiator area are found to make AMTEC an excellent candidate for enhanced performance space power systems. AMTEC has the capability of reducing mission costs relative to other static conversion systems because of its high efficiency. AMTEC can also reduce cost relative to dynamic systems simply by being less massive (10 to 5000 W level), and its use eliminates the torque and vibration issues of dynamic systems     

中心出气对高位进气旋转盘流动与换热的影响

用实验的方法对三种预旋角度(0°、15°、30°)高位进气中心出气的转静系旋转盘附近冷气流动与换热特性进行了研究, 中心出气量最大为总流量的10%.实验结果显示:由于中心出气量占总出气量较小时, 对转盘表面的平均努赛尔特数影响不大, 可以忽略中心出气对换热的影响.中心出气量的增加将导致静盘中心附近压力下降得较快, 而转盘转速在不同进气方式情况下对腔内静压的影响各不同.      

变温热处理过程的相场模拟及其参数标定

航空发动机双性能涡轮盘热处理工艺的研究,大多采用试验的方法建立涡轮盘合金的热处理工艺数据库,但试验法的研究周期长、成本高,提出一种可用于预测变温热处理过程中晶粒演化行为的相场模型。为了模拟不同热处理温度下高温合金的晶粒演化行为,对相场模型进行改进,在相场模型中引入Arrhenius关系,用于描述高温合金晶界运动与温度的量化关系。基于改进的相场模型和拟合的模型参数,计算分析热处理过程中晶粒尺寸的变化和形貌演化规律。结果表明:计算数据与试验数据吻合,晶粒的演化规律与理论分析和试验观察结果一致,证明了拟合的Arrhenius关系中的晶界迁移速率M适用于模拟相应温度下的热处理过程,同时,以上结果也验证了该模型改进方法的可行性及其拟合参数的准确性。     

Experimental investigation on static/dynamic characteristics of a fast-response pressure sensitive paint

An optical-based technique using Pressure-Sensitive Paint(PSP) is a promising method to measure the distribution of surface pressure on an aerodynamic model. The static and dynamic characteristics of a fast-response PSP that is developed in the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)are analyzed and tested to serve as the basis for experiments on unsteady surface measurement using a fast-response PSP. Two calibration systems used for this study are set up to investigate the temperature dependency, response time, and resolution. A data processing method, used for dynamic data, is analyzed and selected carefully to determine the optimum signal. Results show that the fastresponse PSP can be used normally at temperatures from 25 ℃ to 80 ℃. The effect of temperature on the accuracy of the measurement must be considered when temperatures are beyond the temperature range of 30–40 ℃. The dynamic calibration device with a solenoid valve can achieve a pressure jump within a millisecond order. The resolution is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio of the photo-multiplier tube. Results of the measurement show that the response time of the PSP decreases with a large pressure variation, and the response time is below 0.016 s when the pressure variation is under 40 kPa.     

Analysis of grinding mechanics and improved grinding force model based on randomized grain geometric characteristics

Too high grinding force will lead to a large increase in specific grinding energy, resulting in high temperature in grinding zone, especially for the aerospace difficult cutting metal materials,seriously affecting the surface quality and accuracy. At present, the theoretical models of grinding force are mostly based on the assumption of uniform or simplified morphological characteristics of grains, which is inconsistent with the actual grains. Especially for non-engineering grinding wheel,most g...     

Application of dynamic recrystallization model in AZ12 magnesium alloy rolling process

To deeply understand the dynamic recrystallization behavior of as-cast AZ12 magnesium alloy in deformation process, the uniaxial hot compression experiments were implemented through systematic isothermal compression experiments. The true strain of thermal compression experiments was set to 50% with temperatures of 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 °C and the strain rates of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 s^?1. The Dynamic Recrystallization (DRX) kinetic model of AZ12 magnesium alloy was established and the accuracy of this model was verified. The model is used to predict the volume fraction of the sheet obtained by rolling through different rolling passes under the condition of consistent total reduction (50%). And the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

空心阴极的发射热特性研究

空心阴极的发射体在电子发射时会处于动态热平衡状态,这种发射热特性对发射体的利用率和工作寿命有重要意义。为研究空心阴极发射热特性及相关热设计方法,建立一种流-热耦合数值模型,将等离子体流场计算与组件热分布计算进行耦合,并采取一种逆向迭代方法来收敛计算,数值模型在验证试验下的计算误差低于11.3%。在此基础上,对发射体温差的机理以及阴极顶孔径对发射体温差的影响规律进行数值分析,主要结论为:羽状模式下的核心电离区较发散,导致发射体温差较点状模式高出50 K左右;适当增加阴极顶孔径可对发射体温差有降低作用。     

航空发动机1 次表面换热器流动换热性能分析

为了研究航空发动机1次表面换热器流动换热性能,基于传热单元数法并结合其结构特性,建立了换热器热力学设计方法并对经典热力学公式进行了对比分析。同时针对适用于航空发动机的4种不同结构形式1次表面换热器(直通道逆流型和1 5°,30°及45°叉流型),在真实工况下的流动换热特性开展了数值模拟研究。通过对比不同结构换热器在不同工况下的流动换热特点,可以为一次表面换热器芯体核心部件的优化设计提供设计依据和方法。基于数值计算结果,对比分析了不同交错角度θ对换热器的换热性能与流动特性的影响。结果表明:对于直通道逆流换热器,整个换热器内部温度有规律均匀分布;对于叉流换热器,由于波纹板片呈一定角度交替放置,内部流动复杂,局部存在明显的涡流强化换热,气体流动通道内的速度、温度分布极不均匀。随着交错角度的不断增大,叉流换热器的换热性能不断增强,但其冷热两侧压降也大幅增大。     

An adaptive attitude algorithm based on a current statistical model for maneuvering acceleration

A current statistical model for maneuvering acceleration using an adaptive extended Kalman filter(CS-MAEKF) algorithm is proposed to solve problems existing in conventional extended Kalman filters such as large estimation error and divergent tendencies in the presence of continuous maneuvering acceleration. A membership function is introduced in this algorithm to adaptively modify the upper and lower limits of loitering vehicles' maneuvering acceleration and for realtime adjustment of maneuvering acceleration variance. This allows the algorithm to have superior static and dynamic performance for loitering vehicles undergoing different maneuvers. Digital simulations and dynamic flight testing show that the yaw angle accuracy of the algorithm is 30% better than conventional algorithms, and pitch and roll angle calculation precision is improved by 60%.The mean square deviation of heading and attitude angle error during dynamic flight is less than3.05°. Experimental results show that CS-MAEKF meets the application requirements of miniature loitering vehicles.     

基于Tanaka-Mura模型的电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹萌生模拟

为揭示高温合金电子束焊接头的疲劳特性,对其开展了疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟研究。考虑焊缝区微观组织特性,对Voronoi图法进行改进,建立了焊缝区包含柱状晶、细等轴晶及粗等轴晶的混合晶区微观组织模型;对ABAQUS进行二次开发,考虑晶粒随机取向,生成晶粒多滑移带模型。基于Tanaka-Mura位错滑移模型,编写了疲劳裂纹萌生算法,考虑晶界处裂纹的连接与合并,对算法进行了改进,并结合有限元计算建立了电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹萌生数值模拟方法。基于上述方法对GH4169电子束焊接头不同载荷大小的疲劳裂纹萌生进行数值模拟,分析了裂纹萌生过程及萌生寿命,并与试验结果进行对比验证;还探讨了不同热影响区晶粒尺寸对焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生的影响规律。结果表明,电子束焊接头疲劳裂纹均萌生于热影响区,但随着载荷水平的提高,萌生位置向熔合区一侧靠近;当热影响区晶粒尺寸与母材区晶粒尺寸越接近时,接头疲劳寿命越长。     

真空环境中多层隔热材料的隔热性能

通过对一典型多层隔热材料在真空环境下的系列隔热性能实验和分析,分析了多层隔热材料层间温度差(Δt)的分布趋势,揭示了多层隔热材料在不同层间隔热性能的优劣特性及其变化规律。实验结果证明:多层隔热材料的层间温度差(Δt)变化呈U型分布趋势;外层隔热性能优于中间层的隔热性能,4层以内18层以外层间气流状态接近分子流,隔热性能较好,温度差(Δt)大;中间各层气流处于非稳态,隔热性能稍差,温度差(Δt)小;靠近加热板一侧层间温度差小于低温一侧。     

船舶燃气轮机冷却涡轮叶片内部带肋冷却通道颗粒沉积特性研究

为了探究船舶燃气轮机冷却涡轮叶片内部冷却通道内肋片角度的改变对颗粒沉积特性的影响,以7种不同肋片角度及1种弯头处加导流片的肋结构作为研究对象,运用CFD数值模拟对比分析各种冷却结构的流动换热性能以及颗粒沉积特性。结果表明：当肋片角度改变时,内部通道的流动换热和弯头壁面的沉积率存在很大差异。肋片角度为45°的内部冷却通道的换热性能相比于换热性能最差的E型肋的平均努塞尔数高了25%;肋片角度为60°时,弯头壁面和弯头后壁面的沉积率最低;肋片角度为90°时沉积率最高;肋片角度为135°时换热性能最差,弯头壁面沉积率最低。肋片角度的改变对弯头侧壁的沉积率和各个部分的撞击率无显著影响,但是增加导流片可以有效降低弯头壁面的捕获率和沉积率以及弯头侧壁的沉积率、撞击率和捕获率。     

多孔径穿孔板控制液雾燃烧不稳定的研究

研究了一种带可调背腔的多孔径穿孔板声阻尼器的吸声特性,并通过声学模型预测了穿孔板的吸声特性.实验研究了偏流穿孔板对液雾燃烧器的燃烧室、气室内波动的动态压力及热释放率的控制效果.多孔径穿孔板存在两种孔径:小孔半径均为1.0mm,大孔半径分别为1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0mm.发现孔径差异过大的穿孔板消声性能不佳.但是大...     

GH625合金锻造工艺研究

通过GH625合金的不同热处理工艺与组织、性能关系的研究及采用不同加热温度、不同应变速率及不同变形量的工艺试验,确定出合理的热工艺参数。结果为：变形温度1100oC～1140oC,变形量20％～50％,I临界变形10％左右。合理的热处理制度为：固溶温度990℃～1030℃,保温60min,空冷或水冷。990＇t2固溶处理时可适当延长保温时间,在此温度范围内处理,可获得6级一8级晶粒组织。与空冷相比,水淬组织更加均匀,晶粒更细小些。