Is Memory for Routes Enhanced by an Environment's Richness in Visual Landmarks?

We tested the hypothesis that a route's memorability is dependent on the frequency with which people are exposed to visual landmarks. Undergraduates learned either a route through an urban area lacking visually salient features, or a route in a neighborhood with many shops and urban objects. They were then asked to recall the learned route in the form of route directions and sketch maps. The results showed higher recall performance for the richer environment. When presented with photographs depicting scenes along the route, participants exposed to the richer environment had higher recognition scores and shorter response times than the others. The data confirm the functional role of landmarks in route memory and wayfinding.     

基于一体化平台的导航对抗系统

卫星导航在军事领域的运用越来越广泛,导航对抗是一体化战场信息对抗系统的重要内容。分析了一体化信息对抗平台的构建,包括硬件平台构建、软件体系架构设计等方面,并在此基础上研究了导航对抗的软件化设计,通过与平台的集成设计,实现了快速导航对抗功能。     

Seeing the Forest or the Trees? Shifting Categorical Effects in Map Memory

People use spatial and nonspatial information to structure memory for an environment. Two experiments explored interactions between spatial and social categories on map memory when mediated by retrieval (Experiment 1) and encoding (Experiment 2) demands. Participants studied a map depicting business locations (including proprietors' race). In Experiment 1, participants completed two memory tasks, one globally focused and the other locally focused. The global task compressed, while the local task expanded, within-category similarity. Furthermore, processing styles carried over to the subsequent task. Experiment 2 emphasized either the spatial or social category during encoding, which increased that category's weighting in memory. These results extend the work of Maddox, Rapp, Brion, and Taylor, suggesting that retrieval and encoding demands can shift how these categories affect spatial memory.     

Localization,Exploration, and Navigation Based on Qualitative Angle Information

Abstract

Three of the major problems in building autonomous mobile robots are localization, exploration, and navigation. This paper investigates how well different qualitative methods based on angle information, most of them originally invented for representation of spatial knowledge, are suited for addressing these problems. It combines results from discrete and computational geometry with methods from qualitative spatial reasoning, gaining some new insights on the complexity of robot navigation. It turns out that essentially only with panoramas (special roundviews) the qualitative localization problem can be solved in a satisfactory manner. The exploration problem (qualitative map building), remains difficult for all considered approaches.     

视觉导航信息可观性分析的Matlab Symbolic Computation方法

提出了视觉导航信息估计的Matlab Symbolic Computation方法,计算了视觉导航系统中6个自由度变量的最优估计的误差协方差阵的秩、特征值和特征向量,并得到了导航信息可估的条件及结论。通过仿真不仅进一步验证了文献[2]中理论推导及结论的正确性,而且简化了理论分析过程。本文提出的方法具有实际应用价值。     

双目视觉导航信息的可观测性分析

本文针对飞行器相对导航中双目视觉测量系统的可观测性问题进行了研究。推导了系统估计的Fisher信息矩阵,提出利用Fisher信息矩阵的秩分析来判断双目视觉导航信息观测性的方法,研究了特征点个数及分布与Fisher信息矩阵秩及相应系统可观测性的关系,得出至少2个特征点能满足双目视觉测量系统完全可观测的结论。结合测量方程的不同,分析比较了在相同特征点个数情况下单目视觉与双目视觉测量系统可观测性的优劣,最后,通过单幅图片位置和姿态确定数值仿真,验证了基于Fisher信息矩阵的双目视觉系统可观测性分析结论的正确性。     

基于投影寻踪的地磁匹配区选取方法

针对基于单一地磁特征参数进行区域选取容易出现评价结果不全面的缺陷,提出了多特征参数融合的地磁匹配区选取方法。该方法结合信息熵和投影寻踪理论,综合考虑地磁标准差、粗糙度、相关系数和地磁熵等反映特定区域内地磁的总体起伏、光滑度、相关性强弱和信息量多少的地磁特征参数对匹配区的影响,建立了基于投影寻踪的地磁匹配区选取模型,利用遗传算法求解出最优投影方向,给出区域总的评价指数。利用文中提出的方法在选定区域进行了仿真试验,仿真结果表明,针对ICCP算法,在总评价指标高的区域进行地磁辅助导航,其匹配误差较小。
     

深空测角测距融合定位光学信息优选方法研究

针对深空探测器自主定位问题,提出测角测距融合定位下光学信息的优化选取方法。分析光学测角与导航星测距的特性,建立测角-测距融合定位方案,在此基础上,综合测量几何构型与敏感器测量精度,表征测角信息整体可观度与相对可观度,并建立测角信息评价函数,利用启发式算法实现测角组合的优化选取。数值仿真表明:所设计的光学信息优化选取方法能有效提升导航性能。     

行星着陆自主导航地形特征综合优化方法

针对行星着陆光学导航方案优化问题,提出了一种基于可观测度的导航地形特征综合优化方法.该方法首先利用星表形貌图像信息建立不同几何特性特征的测量方程,基于可观测度矩阵和Fisher信息矩阵分析导航系统的可观测度和估计误差下限,揭示特征位置和数量与导航系统性能间的关系,在此基础上以导航系统可观测度和估计误差下限为评价指标分别...     

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning for Topological Map Learning

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the application of qualitative spatial reasoning methods for learning the topological map of an unknown environment. We develop a topological mapping framework that achieves robustness against ambiguity in the available information by tracking all possible graph hypotheses simultaneously. We then exploit spatial reasoning to reduce the space of possible hypotheses. The considered constraints are qualitative direction information and the assumption that the map is planar. We investigate the effects of absolute and relative direction information using two different spatial calculi and combine the approach with a real mapping system based on Voronoi graphs.     

Rats in a transparent morris water maze use elemental and configural geometry of landmarks as well as distance to the pool wall

The aim of this study is to evaluate whatare the dimensions of a panorama of discretelandmarks that a rodent will store in order toreturn to a previously visited target. Ratswere trained to locate a hidden platform in acircular pool of clouded water set within aquasi-spherical enclosure. In order to find theplatform, they had to learn the geometricrelations between the platform and asurrounding set of three discrete landmarks,highly visible through the transparent wall ofthe pool. In test trials without a platform,the array of landmarks was so manipulated as todissociate the effect of actual distance to thelandmarks, of their angular separation, and oftheir apparent dimension. Animals were shown torely equally on angular separation and apparentdimension. The role of actual distance couldnot be definitely ascertained, as animals wereshown to additionally rely on the distance tothe pool wall in order to locate theplatform.     

朔月期间基于SEMOI的卫星自主导航方法研究

为解决朔月期的卫星自主导航,提出了一种利用日地月光学信息(SEMOI)的实现方法。利用朔月期卫星-太阳方向矢量与卫星-地球方向矢量间夹角,由迭代最小二乘法估计历元时刻的卫星定位数据,并以轨道预报方式实现卫星自主导航。给出了计算流程。仿真结果表明,该法的定位精度可满足民用卫星的导航要求。最后讨论了采样周期和敏感器精度等因素对定位精度的影响。