Deployment Mechanisms on the Fast Satellite: Magnetometer,Radial Wire,and Axial Booms

The Fast Auroral SnapshoT (FAST) satellite was launched by a Pegasus XL on August 21, 1996. This was the second launch in the NASA SMall EXplorer (SMEX) program. Early in the mission planning the decision was made to have the University of California at Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory (UCB-SSL) mechanical engineering staff provide all of the spacecraft appendages, in order to meet the short development schedule, and to insure compatibility. This paper describes the design development, testing and on-orbit deployment of these boom systems: the 2 m carbon fiber magnetometer booms, the 58 m tip to tip spin-plane wire booms, and the 7 m dipole axial stiff booms.     

轴/径向耦合式球转子非接触式压电作动器的研究

本文提出了一种基于逆压电效应的轴/径向耦合式球转子非接触式压电作动器,由轴向悬浮装置及径向悬浮装置组成,且两者均可形成行波,为球转子提供悬浮力和驱动力。由于轴向悬浮装置和径向悬浮装置的工作模式可进行不同组合,使得被诱发出的声场具有不同耦合强度的悬浮和旋转驱动力,进而球转子可获得不同的悬浮和转速效果,易于对球转子进行状态控制。建立了轴向悬浮装置及径向悬浮装置的有限元模型,对定子进行了动力学分析与设计,确定了结构方案,并加工、制造了样机。通过试验得到了定子的振动参数、轴向悬浮装置的悬浮及驱动特性,结果表明轴向悬浮装置可成功的悬浮和驱动球转子。     

径向进气轴向出流旋转盘腔总压损失特性研究

在径向进气轴向出流的旋转盘腔中,在哥氏力的影响下,流体速度的切向分量和流体的总压损失均增大,用数值计算方法研究其损失特性缺乏验证。采用试验方法研究了径向进气轴向出流旋转盘腔的压力损失特性,测试了不同工况下的旋转盘腔的进、出口总压,分析了流量系数和旋转雷诺数对径向进气旋转盘腔总压损失的影响规律。试验结果表明：旋转盘腔的总压损失随旋转雷诺数的增大而增大。随流量系数的变化规律较复杂,在较小旋转雷诺数下,总压损失随流量系数的增大而增大;在较大旋转雷诺数下,总压损失随流量系数的增大先减小后增大。     

一种基于一致性理论的卫星协同自主探测方法

为了提高天基空间碎片探测系统对空间碎片探测能力,研究了一种基于一致性理论的卫星协同自主探测方法,对系统中的卫星进行协同控制,从而实现对空间碎片进行最长时间的持续跟踪探测。探测星座利用招投标机制选取探测效果最好的卫星,空间碎片周围的卫星载荷再利用一致性理论,协同自主地指向空间碎片,以实现探测星座对空间碎片连续跟踪。仿真结果说明了该方法的有效性,1d内探测星座对典型空间碎片的最大连续观测时间由协同前的 6 min提高到了协同后的 39 min,提高了约 5倍,总观测时间由协同前的 1.5 h提高到 13 h,提高了约 8倍。该方法提高了观测效能,可为天基空间碎片探测系统提供一种对空间碎片协同探测的技术途径。     

静音锥对超声速客机声爆水平的影响分析研究

静音锥低声爆的基本原理是通过在超声速飞机头部加装静音锥将机头产生的强激波转化为一系列互不叠加的弱激波,从而达到降低声爆的目的。论文以一种“梭式”布局的超声速客机为基本模型,采用CFD和波形参数法相结合的方法,研究了不同参数的单级和多级静音锥对超声速客机声爆水平的影响。结果表明,静音锥的长度可以调节激波的干涉程度;静音锥的直径和圆锥顶角能改变静音锥的初始超压值;静音锥级数对上升时间影响显著。     

中继卫星星间天线指向误差传播率研究

基于中继卫星星间天线对用户航天器的跟踪规律,建立了准确的误差传递模型,并对分析结果进行了仿真验证。文中首先定义了误差传递模型所需的各类坐标系;然后使用微分方法分别建立了中继卫星轨道误差传递模型、中继卫星姿态误差传递模型,分析了滚动角、俯仰角和偏航角与指向精度之间的关系,以及位置保持控制对指向精度的影响;最后借助于STK软件的轨道计算功能,使用蒙特卡罗方法进行数学仿真,仿真结果验证了误差传递模型的准确性。     

The Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer Instrument on the MESSENGER Spacecraft

The Energetic Particle and Plasma Spectrometer (EPPS) package on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) mission to Mercury is composed of two sensors, the Energetic Particle Spectrometer (EPS) and the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer (FIPS). EPS measures the energy, angular, and compositional distributions of the high-energy components of the in situ electrons (>20 keV) and ions (>5 keV/nucleon), while FIPS measures the energy, angular, and compositional distributions of the low-energy components of the ion distributions (<50 eV/charge to 20 keV/charge). Both EPS and FIPS have very small footprints, and their combined mass (∼3 kg) is significantly lower than that of comparable instruments.     

浅谈标准选用与剪裁在机械膜盒仪表中的应用

结合机械膜盒仪表选用和剪裁标准的实际情况,介绍了贯彻执行GJB/Z69-1994<军用标准的选用和剪裁导则>过程中的思路和实际应用情况.     

基于匹配对比理论的导线失效率预计工具设计与开发

当前国内缺乏民机设计理论和实践经验,民机导线失效数据无成熟的收集体系,无法通过统计得到导线可靠性数据。在使用FAA的理论方法上,考虑环境因素相关性,以建立导线失效率评估方法。确定适用的典型环境,将相应专家对环境的对比评判数据量化,使用逐步回归方法建立导线失效率模型,将该模型方法集成化,研制出导线失效率预计工具软件。通过实例验证,工具能得到正确的结论模型,从而证明,该工具有很好的实用性。     

Characterization and Calibration of the CheMin Mineralogical Instrument on Mars Science Laboratory

A principal goal of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity is to identify and characterize past habitable environments on Mars. Determination of the mineralogical and chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils constrains their formation and alteration pathways, providing information on climate and habitability through time. The CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument on MSL will return accurate mineralogical identifications and quantitative phase abundances for scooped soil samples and drilled rock powders collected at Gale Crater during Curiosity’s 1-Mars-year nominal mission. The instrument has a Co X-ray source and a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector arranged in transmission geometry with the sample. CheMin’s angular range of 5^° to 50^° 2θ with <0.35^° 2θ resolution is sufficient to identify and quantify virtually all minerals. CheMin’s XRF requirement was descoped for technical and budgetary reasons. However, X-ray energy discrimination is still required to separate Co?Kα from Co?Kβ and Fe?Kα photons. The X-ray energy-dispersive histograms (EDH) returned along with XRD for instrument evaluation should be useful in identifying elements Z>13 that are contained in the sample. The CheMin XRD is equipped with internal chemical and mineralogical standards and 27 reusable sample cells with either Mylar^? or Kapton^? windows to accommodate acidic-to-basic environmental conditions. The CheMin flight model (FM) instrument will be calibrated utilizing analyses of common samples against a demonstration-model (DM) instrument and CheMin-like laboratory instruments. The samples include phyllosilicate and sulfate minerals that are expected at Gale crater on the basis of remote sensing observations.     

进气径向畸变对燃烧室性能影响研究与预测

针对燃气轮机在实际运行过程中燃烧室进口速度分布不均匀问题,采用数值模拟方法对直流环形燃烧室开展数值模拟计算,分析了不同进气速度畸变位置与畸变强度下燃烧室的流场与温度分布特性,并给出了一种畸变条件下燃烧室性能预测模型。结果表明：不同进气速度径向畸变位置与畸变强度对扩压器内和机匣前段流场形态影响较大,燃烧室空气分配比例改变,温度分布有所差异。燃烧室工况改变对空气分配比例、燃烧效率和总压损失的影响不大。进气速度畸变对燃烧效率影响不大,主要影响到总压损失的变化。随着畸变程度提高,空气分配比例变化明显,总压损失随之增大。进气畸变对燃烧室出口温度分布的影响规律较为复杂,影响程度与进气畸变的不均匀度、畸变形式和工况密切相关,变化范围为-30%～20%。在此基础上,给出了适用于进气径向畸变条件下的燃烧室部件特性预测模型,经验证预测模型的误差在3.5%以下。     

Preparation,Growth Mechanisms and Characterizations of ZnSe Films via the Solvothermal Method

With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morpholo-gies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov (SK) model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), the scan-ning electron microscope (SEM), the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and the photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.     

Preparation, Growth Mechanisms and Characterizations of ZnSe Films via the Solvothermal Method

With diethylamine as a solvent, ZnSe films were formed on the Si substrate directly from zinc and selenium through the modified solvothermal method. The effects of holding temperature, deposition time and substrate surface treatment on the quality and morphologies of the ZnSe films were investigated. The growth mechanism of ZnSe films was proved to be a layer-nucleation growth process, which was tied in with the Stranski-Krastanov （SK） model. ZnSe films were identified by the X-ray diffraction pattern （XRD）, the scanning electron microscope （SEM）, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscope （XPS） and the photoluminescence （PL） techniques. The results indicate that the modified solvothermal method with diethylamine as a solvent is suitable to prepare high quality ZnSe films.     

超跨音速轴流风扇、压气机级最大负荷能力研究

多级风扇、压气机中单级超跨音轴流级的加功增压能力是受许多因素限制的,即单级的负荷能力是有上限的。本文用模型研究了超跨音轴流级在全级可正常工作和级间匹配的最宽条件下的最大级负荷能力。得出这个能力为级增压比小于3.7,同时得出各约束条件的影响图线。     

三轴同步卫星无陀螺巡航下姿控异常及预警研究

通过分析三轴同步卫星无陀螺巡航模式下姿控系统频繁喷气导致推进系统A、B分支切换的现象及其原因,提出了一种分支切换预报方法。该方法能够根据太阳敏感器测量数据的变化,有效地对推进分支切换作出预警。同时,为了避免星上推进分支自主切换的发生,文中最后提出了2种可行的解决途径。     

接力喷嘴不同径向高度和方位角对加力燃烧室 热射流点火性能的影响

为了研究不同热射流点火状态下的燃烧性能,针对采用波瓣混合器的某型航空发动机加力燃烧室,基于N-S方程建立了3维数值计算模型,得到了接力喷嘴径向高度和方位角对加力燃烧室流场、燃烧特性和流阻特性的影响规律。结果表明:随着径向高度增加,热射流火焰传播距离逐渐减小,传播到稳定器下游区域从内涵逐渐向外涵移动,且稳定器壁面高温分布区域逐渐减小;随着方位角增大,热射流火焰径向穿透深度逐渐增大,且稳定器壁面高温区域逐渐减小,在方位角α=0°和α=5°时稳定器壁温最高,为1450 K左右;在加力燃烧室出口截面上,径向高度和方位角对无量纲总压影响不大,整体小于0.005。