An optimized strategy for inter-satellite links assignments in GNSS

Inter-Satellite Links (ISLs) can effectively enhance the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) performance, such as communication and ranging performance. These performances would have been improved by disposing sparsely of ground stations and ISLs. Here, we demonstrate a topology scheduling strategy based on Signed Variance and Blossom algorithm (SV-Blossom) to promote the topology performance of GNSS. We also analyze the effect of this strategy on the robustness of the ranging information quality of the ISLs assignments system. For the domestic and overseas satellite communication Time Delay (TD) and Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP), by analyzing the relation of satellites, a set of the ISLs cost models is established, and the cost matrix is obtained. The final ISLs assignments result is obtained by processing the link cost matrix with the Blossom algorithm in the graph theory. In order to verify the rationality of the SV-Blossom strategy, a typical BDS-3 simulation scene with 10080 min is built to test these performances of ISLs. The final results show that the ranging information quality of the SV-Blossom strategy is greatly improved compared with recently published strategies, and the proposed links assignments mechanism has good robustness.     

北斗导航星座星间通信速率控制方法

北斗导航星座可以通过星间测距和传输链路实现自主定轨和性能增强。导航卫星间进行数据传输时,卫星相对位置时变,传输信道特性也随之不断发生变化。针对导航卫星间传输链路时变特性,提出了一种基于星历的星间通信速率控制方法。在满足传输服务质量的需求下,根据导航卫星自有的高精度星历资源定量计算星间最优通信速率,通过速率的动态调整提高星座的传输效能。仿真结果表明,采用所提方法,北斗导航星座星间传输效能可以提高1.92倍,验证了方法的有效性。      

Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

生物智能型算法在信道分配策略中的应用

由于同步轨道卫星通信的传输时延较长,因此该类卫星对动态信道分配算法的延时性能非常敏感。针对宽带多媒体通信卫星的动态信道分配问题建立数学模型,并且使用生物智能型算法进行求解。仿真结果表明,与传统的分支定界法相比,采用生物智能型算法求解动态信道分配问题,其延时性能提高47%,并能得到更为高效的信道分配方案。     

LEO/MEO双层卫星网的分层动态路由算法

由低轨LEO(Low Earth Orbit)和中轨MEO(Medium Earth Orbit)卫星构成的双层卫星网络具有较好的组网通信性能.利用MEO和LEO卫星在长、短距通信中的优势,提出一种分层、分布式的双层卫星网动态路由算法.通过控制链路状态信息的洪泛,LEO卫星只需掌握局部拓扑即可完成短距业务通信,长距通信业务则由MEO卫星承载.将星间链路的剩余生存时间因素引入路径权重中,路由计算的路径是综合考虑了时延与持续时间双重因素的最优路径.仿真结果表明该算法在时延、路由开销、网络业务流分布等方面都具有较好的性能,并且易于系统实现.      

地月空间信息网络链路分配算法研究

在设计拓扑时,如何分配每颗卫星上有限的通信终端建立通信链路,构建一个性能良好的网络拓扑,成为了一个重要的研究问题。以平均月球中继卫星到地面站路径距离最小为优化目标,以卫星携带的通信终端数目、月球中继卫星与地面站的连通性为约束条件,提出了基于竞争决策思想的链路分配算法(Link Assignment Algorithm based on Competitive Decision, LAA-CD)和基于模拟退火法的链路分配算法(Link Assignment Algorithm based on Simulated Annealing,LAA-SA),并与贪婪算法进行对比。仿真结果表明,LAA-CD和LAA-SA算法下所得拓扑的平均月球中继卫星到地面站距离均小于贪婪算法,且LAA-CD算法能够有效降低算法的时间复杂度。进一步对比了两种星座,发现相比拉格朗日轨道卫星星座,在月球极轨道卫星星座下所得拓扑具有更小的平均距离,为空间信息网络分配提供技术支撑。     

最小数据丢失量的地月中继卫星任务调度研究

月球背面的探测器必须依靠地月中继卫星进行数据传输与通信。地月中继任务包括实时性任务和延迟容忍类任务,如数传任务。当探测器等待传输的数据量超出用户存储容量时,延迟容忍类任务会由于探测器本地存储资源不足和地月中继卫星天线资源受限而无法完成,导致任务数据丢失,所以需要设计一种合理的地月中继任务调度策略,提高地月中继卫星的资源利用率,减少数据的丢失。对地月中继卫星任务调度进行了研究,在分析地月中继卫星数传任务的特点及用户的存储限制的基础上,以最小化数据丢失量为优化目标,建立了地月中继卫星任务调度模型,并设计了一种基于离散烟花算法（DFWA）的地月中继卫星任务调度算法。仿真数据分析表明,基于离散烟花算法的地月中继卫星任务调度算法在求解结果上优于遗传算法,是一种合理、有效的调度方法。     

基于星间链路的导航卫星时间自主恢复策略

基于北斗导航卫星星间链路的测距与数传功能，针对自主导航时卫星时频子系统异常导致载荷系统断电重启的情况，提出了一种基于星载计算机自主计时及星间链路误差校正的策略.在载荷系统重启时间内，利用星载计算机守时，并通过十秒稳定度预报晶振频率漂移量的方法，维持星钟在重启时间内的稳定.载荷系统重启后，星载计算机授时给导航任务处理机，通过误差分析计算出总误差.该误差在星间链路建链误差允许范围内，然后通过星间链路对星钟误差进行校正恢复，重新实现星地时间同步.      

Online scheduling of distributed Earth observation satellite system under rigid communication constraints

This paper focused on online scheduling of distributed Earth observation satellite system in a dynamic environment. The objective was to maximize the total profit of the overall system by efficiently coordinating the different satellites with stochastic arrival of urgent tasks, subject to rigid communication and observation time window constraints. We formulated this problem as a single-task, single-robot, time-extended assignment problem with intra-schedule dependency using the multi-robot task assignment taxonomy and formulated the sub-problem after releasing urgent tasks in a mixed-integer linear programming model. We first described the online scheduling algorithm for a single satellite, then we proposed the modified consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-CBBA) and modified asynchronous consensus-based bundle algorithm (m-ACBBA) with synchronous and asynchronous communication, respectively. Compared with initial versions of CBBA and ACBBA, the modified versions added the communication loop prediction phases to efficiently utilize scarce communication opportunities and reduce the communication requirements. Additionally, we introduce two contract net protocol (CNP)-based algorithms for comparison, respectively SingleItem-CNP-based (SI-CNP) algorithm and Batch-CNP-based (BA-CNP) algorithm. Computational experiments indicated that both the total profit and percentage of scheduled urgent tasks achieved by the m-ACBBA and m-CBBA algorithms were much higher than those achieved by both SI-CNP and BA-CNP. Additionally, the number of communications needed by either m-ACBBA or m-CBBA algorithm was lower than that by SI-CNP. When the communication cost in the system is high, the m-CBBA algorithm is preferred because it balances the profit and the required number of communications. When the communication cost is low, the m-ACBBA algorithm is preferred because it achieves high total profit and high percentage of scheduled urgent tasks.     

Establishment criteria,routing algorithms and probability of use of inter-satellite links in mixed navigation constellations

In this paper, the establishment criteria, routing algorithm and the probability of use of ISLs (inter-satellite links) in the mixed navigation constellation of GEO satellites, IGSO satellites and MEO satellites are analyzed. Firstly, the general criteria of ISL establishment in mixed navigation constellation are proposed from the perspective of geometry, and the influences of these criteria on routing algorithms and the probability of use of ISLs are discussed. Then, from the perspective of autonomous orbit determination, the routing algorithm in mixed navigation constellation is designed. Thirdly, a stochastic study of ISLs load in mixed navigation constellation is proposed, and the formulae of probability of use of ISLs are given. Finally, in the simulation, the establishment criteria, routing algorithm and the probability of use of ISLs in a specific mixed navigation constellation of 3GEO + 3IGSO + 24MEO are discussed in detail. The findings of this paper provide a basis for the ISL establishment and routing algorithm, and offer the quantitative indicators for the use of ISL in the mixed navigation constellation.     

Inter-satellite links for satellite autonomous integrity monitoring

A new integrity monitoring mechanisms to be implemented on-board on a GNSS taking advantage of inter-satellite links has been introduced. This is based on accurate range and Doppler measurements not affected neither by atmospheric delays nor ground local degradation (multipath and interference). By a linear combination of the Inter-Satellite Links Observables, appropriate observables for both satellite orbits and clock monitoring are obtained and by the proposed algorithms it is possible to reduce the time-to-alarm and the probability of undetected satellite anomalies.     

导航星座星间星地一体化数据交互技术研究

导航星座时分轮询建链体制星间链路与非时分固定建链体制传统星地链路,数据交互机制区别显著,不利于导航星座与地面联合数据交互的高效实现.提出利用与星间链路信号体制一致的星地链路,将星间链路范围扩展至地面,以少量的地面站资源和统一的网络规划,实现星间、星地链路数据传输处理机制统一化以及网络资源调度管理一体化的方法,可支持全球...     

星载GNSS确定GEO卫星轨道的积分滤波方法

采用星载全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）确定地球静止轨道（GEO）,以解决目前应用星载全球定位系统(GPS)时导航卫星可见性差的问题。以风云卫星为例,分析了未来的GNSS相对于GEO卫星的可见性,针对GEO轨道上导航接收机采样间隔较长的问题,综合轨道积分和卡尔曼滤波方法的优点,提出了确定GEO卫星轨道的积分滤波方法。并利用STK软件仿真产生所需数据,用MATLAB对提出的算法编程并进行仿真验证,结果表明,提出的方法性能优越,定轨精度较高。     

基于最小PDOP准则的星间链路拓扑方案

星间链路是卫星导航系统实现自主运行的一项关键技术.研究了一种 Walker(24/3/2) 星座,通过对卫星间可见性以及星间链路相关约束条件的分析,计算并确定了同轨卫星的A,B类排列方案,探索了建立位置精度因子(PDOP,Position Dilution Of Precision)值最小,即测距精度最高的星间链路拓扑结构的方法,并在此基础上利用Dijkstra算法计算出卫星之间以及卫星与地面站之间的最优路径.通过对星间数据传输时间延迟和星座网络卫星节点数据流量的统计,表明这种链路生成方案切实可行,能够满足预先设定的技术指标要求.同时对最短路径、最小跳数和网络流量均衡3种不同的计算策略进行了仿真,验证了这3种策略所造成的结果差异.      

多终端在星上多频时分多址系统中的分配

由于卫星资源有限并且昂贵,多频时分多址(MF-TDMA)接入方式被广泛应用于现代宽带通信系统的上行链路设计中。时隙分配算法的有效性是高效利用MF-TDMA系统资源的保证。针对卫星系统的特性,提出了一种基于函数权值的卫星时隙的分配算法,通过最优化权值的方法,有效地提高了资源利用率。通过仿真分析了不同业务的时延性能和信道利用率,并且与几种典型的分配算法进行了比较。仿真结果表明,文中的分配算法能够有效地提高信道利用率,在终端数量较多时,优势更为明显。文中提出的新算法简单,计算时间短,能够有效地在卫星网络中实现。     

联合北斗导航与星间链路的大椭圆卫星定轨方法

传统的地面测控和GNSS均无法实现HEO卫星全弧段的跟踪观测.在分析北斗导航信号及其星间链路信号对典型HEO的观测几何及覆盖特性的基础上,利用北斗导航及其星间链路对HEO测控支持形成互补的特点,提出了一种卫星导航与星间链路相结合的自主导航方法.对HEO定轨进行分段划分并基于EKF设计了卫星导航与星间链路数据融合定轨的自主导航算法.分析结果表明,本文提出的方法能够从全弧段上改善HEO的观测几何,定轨精度比仅使用卫星导航提高了2个数量级,并且仅需较少的星间链路资源.      

粒子群优化粒子滤波的接收机自主完好性监测

接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）是航空卫星导航接收机必不可少的功能,为保持全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）在卫星发生故障时系统性能不降级,需要对卫星故障进行检测和隔离。针对接收机观测噪声非高斯分布的特点,提出一种基于粒子群优化粒子滤波（PSO-PF）的故障检测和隔离算法。通过粒子群优化粒子滤波对状态估计进行一致性检验实现故障检测。采集实测数据验证算法的检测性能,并与基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法进行比较,结果表明:本文所提算法在非高斯测量噪声下可检测并隔离全球定位系统（GPS）故障卫星,其性能优于基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法性能,对研究北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）接收机自主完好性监测具有一定的意义。      

LEO/MEO双层卫星网络中层间ISL空间参数研究

低地球轨道 /中地球轨道 (LEO/MEO)双层卫星网络是未来卫星移动通信系统重要组成部分 ,而层间卫星星际链路 (ISL)是影响整体双层卫星网络系统性能的重要因素。文章重点分析层间ISL的空间参数几何特性 (包括星间链路长度 ,星间链路指向方位角和仰角 ) ,为星载天线跟踪系统设计和LEO/MEO双层卫星网络最优化路由搜索算法提供依据     

卫星扩频信号抗窄带干扰性能限研究

卫星扩频信号的抗干扰性能关系到卫星链路系统的安全性。在高精度测距和有限星载处理能力约束下增加抗干扰环节会增加信号接收机复杂度并且引入测距误差,定量分析扩频测距中的天然抗窄带干扰能力可以为在什么条件下不需要采取抗干扰措施提供决策,对优化系统设计具有重要意义。本文对扩频测距的抗窄带干扰性能限进行了定量计算、分析,设计了实验测试方法和系统,达到了预期目的。     

基于射频的导航卫星星间链路信息传输与仿真研究

星间链路是导航卫星实现精密定轨和自主导航的关键技术之一。导航卫星通过星间链路完成伪距测量和数据交换,维持系统稳定运行的时空基准,保证系统持续提供精准导航服务。根据全球导航卫星系统的建设情况和发展趋势,首先介绍星间观测和信息传输频段,并从天线特征、多址控制方式和网络拓扑结构等角度分析了射频链路的工作体制。最后,针对实际导航卫星星座,应用OPNET平台建立导航信息传输仿真模型,通过分析信息传输效率,验证了基于射频链路导航信息传输的可行性和有效性,对全球导航卫星系统的星间链路研究具有一定的参考价值。