我国某些球粒陨石及中铁陨石稀有气体的同位素丰度

本文测定了剑阁球粒陨石、岩庄球粒陨石、亳县球粒陨石及渭源中铁陨石和新近降落的东乌珠穆沁中铁陨石的稀有气体同位素丰度,根据He、Ne及Ar的测定结果计算宇宙射线暴露年龄,剑阁、岩庄及亳县球粒陨石的宇宙射线暴露年龄分别为5．8Ma、2．5Ma及38．0Ma,东乌珠穆沁及渭源中铁陨石分别为172Ma及17Ma．     

宁强陨石（CV3）稀有气体的研究

宁强陨石的岩石学、矿物学及化学组成的研究表明,宁强陨石属于异常的CV3碳质球粒陨石,稀有气体和宇宙射线暴露年龄的测定结果与岩石学及化学组成的研究结果是一致的,宁强陨石的宇宙射线暴露年龄为42.2Ma,在CV3球粒陨石中是最高的,U/Th-4He及40K-40Ar气体保存年龄分别为4170±160Ma和4260±70Ma,这与碳质球粒陨石的气体保存年龄为4200Ma是一致的.     

Cosmic-ray electron spectrum above 100 GeV from PPB-BETS experiment in Antarctica

Cosmic-ray electrons have been observed in the energy region from 10 GeV to 1 TeV with the PPB-BETS by a long duration balloon flight using a Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB) in Antarctica. The observation was carried out for 13 days at an average altitude of 35 km in January 2004. The PPB-BETS detector is an imaging calorimeter composed of scintillating-fiber belts and plastic scintillators inserted between lead plates. In the study of cosmic-ray electrons, there have been some suggestions that high-energy electrons above 100 GeV are a powerful probe to identify nearby cosmic-ray sources and search for particle dark matter. In this paper, we present the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons in the energy range from 100 GeV to 1 TeV at the top of atmosphere, and compare our spectrum with the results from other experiments.     

Time variations of cosmic-ray helium isotopes with BESS-Polar I

The Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) is configured with a solenoidal superconducting magnet and a suite of precision particle detectors, including time-of-flight hodoscopes based on plastic scintillators, a silica-aerogel Cherenkov detector, and a high resolution tracking system with a central jet-type drift chamber. The charges of incident particles are determined from energy losses in the scintillators. Their magnetic rigidities (momentum/charge) are measured by reconstructing each particle trajectory in the magnetic field, and their velocities are obtained by using the time-of-flight system. Together, these measurements can accurately identify helium isotopes among the incoming cosmic-ray helium nuclei up to energies in the GeV per nucleon region. The BESS-Polar I instrument flew for 8.5 days over Antarctica from December 13th to December 21st, 2004. Its long-duration flight and large geometric acceptance allow the time variations of isotopic fluxes to be studied for the first time. The time variations of helium isotope fluxes are presented here for rigidities from 1.2 to 2.5 GV and results are compared to previously reported proton data and neutron monitor data.     

The pGAPS experiment: An engineering balloon flight of prototype GAPS

The General Anti-Particle Spectrometer (GAPS) project is being carried out to search for primary cosmic-ray antiparticles especially for antideuterons produced by cold dark matter. GAPS plans to realize the science observation by Antarctic long duration balloon flights in the late 2010s. In preparation for the Antarctic science flights, an engineering balloon flight using a prototype of the GAPS instrument, “pGAPS”, was successfully carried out in June 2012 in Japan to verify the basic performance of each GAPS subsystem. The outline of the pGAPS flight campaign is briefly reported.     

Cosmic ray modulation with a Fisk-type heliospheric magnetic field and a latitude-dependent solar wind speed

The effect of a latitude-dependent solar wind speed on a Fisk heliospheric magnetic field [Fisk, L. A. Motion of the footpoints of heliospheric magnetic field lines at the Sun: implications for recurrent energetic particle events at high heliographic latitudes. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 15547–15553, 1996] was first discussed by Schwadron and Schwadron and McComas [Schwadron, N.A. An explanation for strongly underwound magnetic field in co-rotating rarefaction regions and its relationship to footpoint motion on the the sun. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, 1–8, 2002. and Schwadron, N.A., McComas, D.J. Heliospheric “FALTS”: favored acceleration locations at the termination shock. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 41–1, 2003]. Burger and Sello [Burger, R.A., Sello, P.C. The effect on cosmic ray modulation of a Parker field modified by a latitudinal-dependent solar wind speed. Adv. Space Res. 35, 643–646, 2005] found a significant effect for a simplified 2D version of a latitude-dependent Fisk-type field while Miyake and Yanagita [Miyake, S., Yanagita, S. The effect of a modified Parker field on the modulation of the galactic cosmic rays. In: Proceedings of 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Merida, Mexico, vol. 1, 445–448, 2007] found a smaller effect. The current report improves on a previous attempt Hitge and Burger [Hitge, M., Burger, R.A. The effect of a latitude-dependent solar wind speed on cosmic-ray modulation in a Fisk-type heliospheric magnetic field. In: Proceedings of 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Merida, Mexico, vol. 1, pp. 449–450, 2007] where the global change in the solar wind speed and not the local speed gradient was emphasized. The sheared Fisk field of Schwadron and McComas [Schwadron, N.A., McComas, D.J. Heliospheric “FALTS”: Favored acceleration locations at the termination shock. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30, 41–1, 2003.) is similar to the current Schwadron–Parker hybrid field. Little difference is found between the effects of a Parker field and a Schwadron–Parker hybrid field on cosmic-ray modulation, in contrast to the results of Burger and Sello and Miyake and Yanagita [Burger, R.A., Sello, P.C. The effect on cosmic ray modulation of a Parker field modified by a latitudinal-dependent solar wind speed. Adv. Space Res. 35, 643–646, 2005 and Miyake, S., Yanagita, S. The effect of a modified Parker field on the modulation of the galactic cosmic rays. In: Proceedings of 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Merida, Mexico, vol. 1, pp. 445–448, 2007]. The two-dimensional approximation used by these authors is therefore inadequate to model the complexities of the actual three-dimensional field. We also show that a Fisk-type field with a latitude-dependent solar wind speed (Schwadron–Parker hybrid field) decreases both the relative amplitude of recurrent cosmic ray intensity variations and latitude gradients and yields similar constants of proportionality for these quantities as for the constant solar wind speed case.     

南丹铁陨石微量元素的微区分布特征

本文用同步辐射X荧光微区扫描法(SRXRFMS)研究了南丹铁陨石中微量元素的微区分布特征。讨论了南丹铁陨石的分类、起源及演化等基本问题。指出南丹铁陨石似分为IAB群较合理,它可能是由具有球粒陨石组成的母源物质受冲击、经局部熔融而形成。     

Search for primordial antiparticles with BESS

The Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) has been carried out to search for primordial antiparticles in cosmic rays. In ten flights from 1993 to 2004, it measured the cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum in the energy range 0.1–4.2 GeV at various solar activity conditions. It also searched for antideuterons and antihelium nuclei, and it made precise measurement of cosmic-ray particle spectra. The BESS program has been extended to long duration balloon (LDB) flights in Antarctica (BESS-Polar) with the goal of achieving unprecedented sensitivity in the search for primordial antiparticles. This report describes recent results from BESS and progress of the BESS-Polar program.     

人控交会对接摄像机调光算法设计与验证方法研究

航天器人控交会对接过程中,空间光照环境极为复杂.摄像机作为最主要的相对测量敏感器,需要设计合理的调光算法以适应各种工况.详细分析了航天器的空间光照环境,针对人控交会对接的场景特点,对基于直方图的自动调光算法提出了改进措施,并提出了全面的地面验证测试方法,证明了改进后的直方图自动调光算法的合理性.     

俄交变中磁标准装置研究

介绍了从俄罗斯引进的用于交变磁场的国防标准——交变中磁标准装置的基本工作原理,以及对其设计方案的剖析。该标准装置工作频率（20～1 000）Hz,复现交变磁场强度（0.1～1 000）mT,在这一领域内代表国际最高水平。通过对其信号获取、磁场感应信号的放大处理、大电流的产生办法、安全互锁设计,以及整体系统理论计算的分析,为该领域内标准装置的国产化提供理论基础,具有较好的实用价值。     

木星磁场及磁场模型的对比分析

木星具有太阳系最强的行星磁场,是木星探测面临的基本环境。首先对磁场环境及其数学模型进行了调研,并在研究木星磁场模型以及磁场的数学原理的基础上,使用MATLAB数学工具实现了木星主磁场的计算,对VIP4、VIT4、O6和V1_17ev（eigenvector,特征向量）4个模型与磁测数据进行了对比及分析。研究结果表明这4个模型计算得到的磁场强度范围较为一致,但在全球磁场分布上存在差异,尤其是对磁南极位置的识别上,4个模型的结果都不相同;在对模型计算结果与探测数据的探讨分析中,发现4个模型与探测数据的符合较为一致,偏差均较小。可为木星探测的环境保障提供必要的理论基础和计算模型支撑。     

Effects of a hypogeomagnetic field on gravitropism and germination in soybean

Any plants grown during long-term space missions will inevitably experience an extremely low magnetic field (i.e. a hypogeomagnetic field, HGMF). It is possible that the innate adaptation of plants to the earth’s magnetic field (i.e. the geomagnetic field, GMF) would be disrupted. Effects of the HGMF on plant physiological and metabolic processes are unclear. In this study we established a hypogeomagnetic incubation system on the ground and investigated the effects of the HGMF on the gravitropism and germination of soybean seeds. The gravitropism angle, germination percentage, germination speed, water absorbance ratio, seed weight, radicle length, radicle weight, and radicle weight ratio of soybean seeds grown in the local field and the HGMF were compared. In general, the gravitropism angle in the HGMF was smaller than that in the local field when seeds were positioned before emergence in such a way that the direction of the radicle was opposite to that of gravity. The germination percentage, germination speed, and radicle weight ratio increased in the HGMF compared to the control. Our results indicate that the germination and gravitropism of soybean seeds are affected by elimination of the geomagnetic field.     

地球磁尾的电场模式

地球磁层中的电场是磁层等离子体运动的主要驱动力.目前常用的磁层电场为均匀晨昏电场和投影电场.本文假定磁力线为电场的等位线,地球电离层电场看做磁层电场沿磁力线在电离层的投影.利用Tsyganenko磁场模式(T89),沿磁力线把电离层电场投影到磁尾,得到了一个新的磁层电场模式,文中对偶极磁场和T89磁场模式下的投影场作了比较,说明本模式突破了偶极磁场的局限,在磁层有更大的适用范围     

磁静日期间中国大陆地区地磁外源场研究

利用第4代地磁场综合模型CM4, 研究了中国大陆地区1960--2000年磁静日期间地磁外源场的变化情况, 并进一步计算分析了外源场中的电离层场及磁层场的分布与变化.结果显示, 北向分量X的外源场强度在40年间呈先增加后减小的趋势, 共减少了约32 nT, 其磁层场强度呈先增大, 然后逐年减小的趋势, 共减少了约23.7 nT; 东向分量Y的外源场强度呈先减少后增加再减少的趋势, 共增加了约3.8 nT, 其磁层场强度呈先减小, 再逐年增加的趋势, 共增加了约2.3 nT; 垂直分量Z的外源场强度呈先减少后增加的趋势, 共增加了约4.6 nT, 其磁层场强度呈先减小后增加的趋势, 共增加了约9.3 nT. 三分量的电离层场强度变化均小于1 nT, 其分布在1960--1970和1970--1980年, 1980--1990和1990--2000年呈现正负互相变换的现象, 该现象可能与太阳11年活动周期有关.     

数字计量发展现状及关键技术研究

计量产业为各行各业中数据的测量提供手段并且保障数据的正确性。在当今的数字化浪潮中,为了更好的发挥计量产业的重要作用,需要进行由传统计量向数字时代计量的重大变革,即完成计量产业的数字化转型,简称数字计量。数字计量的核心内涵是应用相应的数字化技术,实现测量数据和测试报告以及校准证书的数字化、检定校准规程规范机器可读、计量标准装置数字孪生、校准检定检测操作自动化和智能化,构建数字化量值传递溯源链,以数字方式传递测量信任和量值统一。在世界范围内,权威机构相继颁布了实现数字计量的指导文件,引领全球数字计量变革的走向。     

电离层等离子体泡的磁场扰动特征与识别

等离子体泡是赤道区电离层常见的密度耗空结构,同时伴随着背景磁场的增强和垂直背景磁场方向上的扰动,这些扰动具有阿尔芬波的特征。本文利用Swarm卫星的标量、矢量磁场以及等离子体观测数据,考察了等离子体泡产生的磁场扰动信号特征,发现磁场强度和平均场向分量的增强均与等离子体泡密度下降有较强的负相关性,说明磁场标量和矢量（平均场向分量）数据都可以用来识别等离子体泡。由于Swarm卫星的标量磁场数据噪声明显低于矢量磁场数据,利用标量磁场数据可以提高等离子体泡的识别率,识别更多波动较小的等离子体泡。     

大型客机驾驶舱气流热仿真及舒适性评价

驾驶舱的空气速度场和温度场直接影响驾驶员的热舒适和工效,是驾驶舱结构和环境控制系统设计中考虑的重要内容.对B737-800驾驶舱进行全尺寸三维建模,以高空夜航工作情况为例,采用商用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)软件Fluent计算该驾驶舱的流场和温度场,再用平均温度评价指标和热环境综合评价指标PMV(Predicted Mean Vote)来对驾驶舱进行温度环境客观评价,并采用问卷调查法对飞行员进行驾驶舱内部空气流速和温度舒适度的主观评价.数值仿真结果与主观评价结果都得出B737-800驾驶舱在高空夜航时基本处于舒适的环境,除躯干和脚部由于偏凉而略感不舒适.数值仿真结果与客观评价结果的一致性,验证了大型客机驾驶舱气流热仿真的准确性.     

利用Cluster卫星磁尾单事例研究具有复杂核心磁场结构的磁通量绳

2002年8月28日09：50UT-10：50UT,Cluster卫星在地球磁尾观测到一次导向场磁场重联事件.卫星观测到磁场重联扩散区附近清晰的霍尔（Hall）四极型磁结构.由于导向场的存在,该四极型结构被扭曲变形.在该磁场重联事件中,卫星观测到多个磁通量绳,大部分磁通量绳的核心场极性与导向场极性一致.但是,其中一例磁通量绳的核心场结构极性较复杂.该例磁通量绳中心区域核心场强度出现峰值,核心场极性和导向场极性一致;中心以外区域的核心场极性和导向场极性相反.这种复杂核心场结构以前未见报道.通过最小方向导数法,发现该磁通量绳的轴向是弯曲的.C1和C3卫星穿越了磁通量绳弯曲部分,探测到核心场极性变化;C2和C4卫星位于C1和C3卫星的北侧,仅穿越了磁通量绳弯曲处的一部分,故核心场具有单极性.