Robust fault-tolerant saturated control for spacecraft proximity operations with actuator saturation and faults

In this paper, the motion control problem of autonomous spacecraft rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target in the presence of unknown model parameters, external disturbances, actuator saturation and faults is investigated. Firstly, a nonlinear six degree-of-freedom dynamics model is established to describe the relative motion of the chaser spacecraft with respect to the tumbling target. Subsequently, a robust fault-tolerant saturated control strategy with no precise knowledge of model parameters and external disturbances is proposed by combining the sliding mode control technique with an adaptive methodology. Then, within the Lyapunov framework, it is proved that the designed robust fault-tolerant controller can guarantee the relative position and attitude errors converge into small regions containing the origin. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.     

Optimal guidance and collision avoidance for docking with the rotating target spacecraft

The guidance and control strategy for spacecraft rendezvous and docking are of vital importance, especially for a chaser spacecraft docking with a rotating target spacecraft. Approach guidance for docking maneuver in planar is studied in this paper. Approach maneuver includes two processes: optimal energy approach and the following flying-around approach. Flying-around approach method is presented to maintain a fixed relative distance and attitude for chaser spacecraft docking with target spacecraft. Due to the disadvantage of energy consumption and initial velocity condition, optimal energy guidance is presented and can be used for providing an initial state of flying-around approach process. The analytical expression of optimal energy guidance is obtained based on the Pontryagin minimum principle which can be used in real time. A couple of solar panels on the target spacecraft are considered as obstacles during proximity maneuvers, so secure docking region is discussed. A two-phase optimal guidance method is adopted for collision avoidance with solar panels. Simulation demonstrates that the closed-loop optimal energy guidance satisfies the ending docking constraints, avoids collision with time-varying rotating target, and provides the initial velocity conditions of flying-around approach maneuver. Flying-around approach maneuver can maintain fixed relative position and attitude for docking.     

基于非线性干扰观测器的航天器相对姿轨耦合控制

针对带挠性附件的服务航天器在近距离逼近失控目标航天器时的控制问题,考虑由于推进安装偏差导致的姿轨耦合,通过选用相对位置和相对姿态四元数作为状态向量,建立了服务航天器与失控目标航天器的相对位置和姿态动力学方程。考虑服务航天器的挠性附件影响,挠性振动可以视为位置和姿态控制系统微分有界的干扰。基于反馈线性化方法提出了非线性反馈控制律,设计了非线性干扰观测器,用于补偿可建模干扰,并基于所提非线性反馈控制律和非线性干扰观测器设计了复合控制器,其中非线性干扰观测器用于补偿挠性附件产生的干扰。数字仿真及半物理实物闭环验证表明,利用所设计的复合控制器能够有效补偿干扰,同时在对失控目标航天器跟踪时具有很好的鲁棒性。      

Motion-planning and pose-tracking based rendezvous and docking with a tumbling target

Rendezvous and docking (RVD) with a tumbling target is challenging. In this paper, a novel control scheme based on motion planning and pose (position and attitude) tracking is proposed to solve the pose control of a chaser docking with a tumbling target in the phase of close range rendezvous. Firstly, the current desired motion of the chaser is planned according to the motion of the target. In planning the desired motion, the “approach path constraint” is considered to avoid collisions between the chaser and the target, and the “field-of-view constraint” is considered to make sure the vision sensors on the chaser to obtain tight relative pose knowledge of the target with respect to the chaser. Then, the difference between the chaser’s motion and the desired motion is gradually reduced by a pose tracking controller. This controller is based on the non-singular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) method to make the tracking error converge to zero in finite time. Since the chaser nearly moves along the desired motion and the motion is reasonable, (1) it could safely arrive at the docking port of the target with a suitable relative attitude, (2) it will be always suitably oriented to observe the target well, and (3) the magnitude of the needed control inputs are less than that in existing literatures. The numerical results demonstrate the above three advantages of the proposed method.     

人控交会对接控制方法研究

追踪器上的航天员根据摄像机的图像手动操作手柄完成目标器和追踪器的对接任务,为了减轻航天员负担,提高人控对接成功率,文章提出的思路是姿态控制采用自动控制,使得追踪器姿态和合作目标器姿态保持一致,航天员只负责相对位置控制。文章给出了航天员的相对位置控制策略,并将全系数自适应控制和PID控制方法用于追踪器的姿态控制。仿真结果表明,采用全系数自适应控制进行姿态控制过渡过程时间短、稳态精度高,有利于航天员完成人控对接的任务。     

Forming and keeping fast fly-around under constant thrust

A new switching control algorithm under constant thrust is designed for the chaser fast flying around the target spacecraft along a specified fly-around trajectory. The switching control laws are obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters. Furthermore, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target fly-around positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. The change of the relative position and the relative velocity of the chaser during the constant thrust fast fly-around are presented through simulation example. It is proved that, with the switching control laws, the chaser will fast fly around the target spacecraft along the specified fly-around trajectory.     

航天器交会飞行设计方法研究

针对半自主飞行追踪星,阐述航天器交会总体设计方法。根据对接点的地理位置范围、共面轨道倾角以及目标星轨道周期与追踪星入轨点地理位置,确定交会飞行时间和两星初始相位差范围。考虑最小轨道机动动力要求与飞行轨迹安全性等因素,并兼顾地面测控条件,设计追踪星远程导引段与相对导航段的轨道机动与飞行轨迹,特别是选择与比较不同的初始轨道、调相轨道与漂移轨道以及保持点停泊时间与最终逼近段飞行时间等交会飞行要素,调整飞行时间、相位差与对接点位置,确定最佳交会飞行方案,完成空间交会任务。     

空间交会最终平移段控制策略

提出空间交会最终平移段的控制方法,选取追踪航天器的相对位置与姿态角作为控制变量,同步控制追踪航天器的质心运动与姿态运动,修正制导机动执行偏差的影响,使目标航天器保持在光学导航视场范围之内,且满足对接操作对追踪航天器状态的要求。     

Space-based line-of-sight tracking control of GEO target using nonsingular terminal sliding mode

This paper addresses the issue of high-precision line-of-sight (LOS) tracking of geosynchronous earth orbit target in highly dynamic conditions via spacecraft attitude maneuver. First, characteristics of the LOS motion are analyzed by a simplified linear relative motion model. Second, after transforming the quaternion-based attitude model into a double integrator system, a new nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in a nominal case without parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Third, an adaptive new nonsingular terminal mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in an uncertain case, which is done via constructing a pair of adaptive laws to estimate the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. The robust stability and finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system are demonstrated by Lyapunov theorem. Under control of the proposed controller, zero steady state error tracking of LOS with a smooth transition phase can be achieved in scheduled time, regardless of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. Finally, detailed numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controllers. Contrasting simulation results shows that proposed controllers can track the desired trajectories effectively and have better performance against the controllers based on linear sliding mode and the existing fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode.     

航天器交会最终逼近段相对姿态估计与控制

对航天器交会对接最终逼近段,给出姿态运动学方程统一形式以及相对姿态动力学方程;除了应用交会航天器的绝对姿态运动方程进行相对姿态估计(间接法)外,还直接应用相对姿态运动方程进行相对姿态估计(直接法);阐述相对姿态控制的相平面法与四元数反馈法的设计方法.相平面控制法应用常值推力,针对小姿态角机动的特点,将相对姿态通道解耦为3个独立的二阶子系统,设计相平面推力方向切换函数;四元数反馈法应用简化的基于本征轴旋转的线性二阶系统,选择相对四元数与角速率反馈增益系数,确定控制力矩.此外,对相对姿态估计与控制方法进行模拟计算与比较.理论分析与模拟计算结果表明:应用扩展Kalman滤波的相对姿态间接估计法与直接估计法是有效的,后者有可能简化估计算法;相平面控制法与四元数反馈法均可有效实现相对姿态控制,前者应用常值推力(推力方向与姿态反馈有关),较易实现,但动力消耗较大,后者按控制力矩随姿态反馈量而变,动力消耗较小.      

飞行器交会对接相对位置和姿态的估值方法

在飞行器的交会对接过程中 ,应用计算机视觉系统作为精确传感设备 ,测量飞行器相对于固定在空间站的坐标系的三维位置和方向 ,为导航和控制回路提供需要的反馈信息。文中研究了由计算机视觉系统采集的二维图像信息估计飞船相对于空间站的位置和姿态的方法 ;提出了光点检测光线拟合算法 ,并给出数字仿真结果。     

Prospects of using a permanent magnetic end effector to despin and detumble an uncooperative target

Space debris, such as defunct satellites and upper stages of rockets, becomes an uncooperative target after losing its attitude control and communication ability. In addition, tumbling motion can occur due to environmental perturbations and residual angular momentum prior to the object’s end-of-mission. To minimize the collision risk during docking and capturing of the tumbling target, a non-contact method based on the eddy current effect is put forward to transmit the control torque to the tumbling target. The main idea is to induce a controllable torque on the conducting surface of the tumbling target using a rotational magnetic field generated by a Halbach rotor. The radial and axial Halbach rotors are used to damp the spinning and nutation motions of the target, respectively. The normal and tangential force are evaluated concerning the relative pose between the chaser and the target. A simplified dynamic model of the nutation damping and despinning processes is developed and the influences of the asymmetrical principal moments of inertia and transverse angular velocity are discussed. The numerical simulation results show that the designed Halbach rotor stabilized the target attitude within an acceptable time. The electromagnetic nutation damping and despinning method provides new solutions for the development of on-orbit capture technology.     

旋转非合作目标终端逼近的姿轨控制研究

针对旋转非合作目标的终端逼近过程进行研究, 建立了适用于任意偏心率的精 确航天器相对运动和姿态动力学模型, 并对传统的直线型同步自旋逼近策略进行 改进, 设计了用于保障终端逼近安全性的指数衰减型参考轨迹; 推导了基于比例 微分加解耦控制方法的相对轨道和姿态控制律, 通过数值仿真验证了控制器的有效性.      

Active collision avoidance maneuver under constant thrust

In this paper, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target maneuver positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Furthermore, new switch control laws under constant thrust are designed for active collision avoidance maneuver of the chaser along a specified trajectory. The switch control laws are obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the working times of thrusters in three axes which can be respectively computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the working times.     

基于预设性能控制的超紧密航天器编队防避撞协同控制

研究了考虑具有外界干扰和防避撞约束的近地轨道超紧密航天器构型控制问题,将反步控制技术、预设性能控制相结合,提出了一种基于预设性能鲁棒控制的六自由度编队协同鲁棒控制方法。首先,给出了近地轨道完整的编队航天器相对位置和相对姿态非线性动力学方程,并根据状态约束条件转换了相对位置动力学模型。其次,设计了预设性能函数,通过误差转换,建立系统等效误差模型,基于反步法设计了预设性能鲁棒控制器,进一步应用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了其闭环系统的一致最终有界性。最后在MATLAB/Simulink平台上进行了仿真验证,结果表明了方法的有效性。     

基于自适应多设计融合航天器近距离操作的执行器故障补偿技术研究

针对带有执行器故障的航天器近距离操作系统,提出了基于多设计融合的自适应故障补偿方法,实现在发生执行器卡死故障情况下,对目标航天器的位置和姿态的跟踪。提出的故障补偿方法无需故障检测,针对每种可能的故障模式设计控制器组成多控制器集合,并有效地将它们融合后构建最终反馈控制器。仿真结果表明了该故障补偿策略的有效性,能够保证追踪航天器系统的稳定性和期望的跟踪性能。     

对失效卫星特征点的自适应位姿跟踪控制

为满足对失效卫星上某个特征点位置悬停的同时使追踪星上敏感器指向该特征点,展开了对失效卫星特征点与追踪星间相对动力学建模与控制的研究。在追踪星本体坐标系下建立了六自由度相对位姿动力学模型,并结合失效卫星上特征点的运动规律,给出追踪星的期望跟踪位置和期望跟踪姿态。考虑到追踪星质量、转动惯量、系统所受扰动力、扰动力矩及失效卫星转动惯量的不确定性,设计了复合自适应位姿跟踪控制律,并通过Lyapunov法证明了闭环系统稳定性。对输出受限情况,采取设计控制参数调节过程及输出限幅措施。在仿真条件下,系统在自适应控制律下能够以位置误差约1cm、姿态误差约0.01°完成位姿跟踪任务;增大不确定参数偏差后,位置跟踪误差增至约7cm,姿态误差增至约0.1°;对控制参数进行调节后,可在不影响跟踪精度的条件下在指定范围内限制输出幅值,将幅值限制在指定范围内,并减小控制所需冲量的9%和冲量矩的30%。     

Constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure

In this paper, a field-of-view constrained guidance algorithm for -V-bar constant thrust departure under thruster failure is investigated. First of all, the relative position parameters of the chaser are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target departure manoeuvres positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, a new switching control law under constant thrust is designed for the departure manoeuvres. The switching control law is obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters. With the switching control law, the constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure in the x-axis is carried out by using coupling effects.On the basis of the toolbox of matlab, practical examples for simulation and application are given. The half cone angle of the cone-shaped field-of-view of the target spacecraft is α = 30°, the simulation results show that the proposed guidance algorithm can well satisfy the conditions for the constraints and can make sure the chaser departures from the target spacecraft safely.