利用遗传算法和LMI设计固定结构H2/H∞飞行控制律

 在设计飞翼式无人机(UAV)的横航向飞行控制系统时,为了使无人机具有较好的动态特性和阵风抑制能力,同时又便于工程实现,提出了固定结构的H₂/H_∞控制律设计方法。对于由此遇到的双线性矩阵不等式(BMI)问题,先用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法得到控制律参数和H₂/H_∞性能指标的映射关系,再用此映射关系作为适应度函数,用改进的遗传算法求解使H₂/H_∞性能最优的控制律参数。仿真结果表明,使用固定结构的H₂/H_∞控制方法的无人机动态响应迅速平滑,在侧风干扰下的滚转角振荡幅值仅是原经典控制方法的一半。     

H2-O2-Cl2混气光化学点火特性

为了研究在H2-O2-Cl2混气中以光化学方式点火的具体物理化学过程，首先建立分析模型，然后根据此模型计算不同爆炸波后压力和温度下的光化学点火过程中温度变化以及各种粒子的浓度变化，最后根据计算结果进行绘图，并深入分析光化学点火过程。分析结果表明，光化学点火方式可以适应高空下的低压状况；在温度达到700K之后，H2-O2链式反应才会启动；光化学点火延迟时间随初始爆炸波后温度和压力的降低而增长。     

Thin-film Li-LiMn2O4 batteries

Thin-film rechargeable Li-LiMn₂O₄ batteries have been fabricated and characterized. Following deposition by electron beam evaporation of LiMn₂O₄, the amorphous as-deposited cathode films 1 cm² in area by 0.3to 4-μm thick were annealed at 700°C to 800°C in oxygen in order to form the crystalline spinet phase. The specific capacity of the cells between 4.5 V to 3.8 V ranged from 50 μAh/mg to 120 μAh/mg. When cycled over this range, the batteries exhibited excellent secondary performance with capacity losses as low as 0.001% per cycle. On charging to 5.3 V, a plateau with a median voltage of 5.1 V was observed. The total charge extracted between 3.8 V to 5.3 V corresponded to about 1 Li/Mn₂ O₄     

四氧化二氮/一甲基肼推力室研制

本文主要介绍90N和490N两种四氧化二氮/一甲基肼推力室的设计及试验概况.     

g-C3N4/Fe2O3复合催化剂的表征及其对AP的催化作用

为了改善固体推进剂中高氯酸铵（AP）热分解性能,降低其热分解温度,利用SEM,XRD,FT-IR对原位制备的g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征,通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）考察了催化剂对AP 热分解的催化效果。结果表明：g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合结构完整,Fe₂O₃颗粒紧密负载在g-C₃N₄上;加入不同质量分数的复合催化剂,AP的低温分解峰和高温分解峰都明显降低,且随着催化剂加入量的增加催化效果增强;加入复合催化剂质量分数5%时,高温分解峰和低温分解峰分别降低到348.1℃和281.7℃,表明g-C₃N₄/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂可有效降低AP的热分解温度,改善其热分解性能。     

Impermeability of Y3Al5O12 ceramic against molten glassy calcium-magnesium-alumina-silicate

Degradation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) caused by calcium-magnesium-alumina-silica (CMAS) glassy penetration is becoming an urgent issue for TBCs industrial applications. In this work, yttrium aluminum garnet (Y₃Al₅O₁₂, YAG) nano-powders were synthesized through a chemical co-precipitation route. The resistance of YAG ceramic to glassy CMAS infiltration at 1250?°C was evaluated. YAG ceramic bulk sintered at 1700?°C for 10?h was comprised of a single garnet-type Y₃Al₅O₁₂ phase. The molten CMAS glass was suppressed on the surface of the YAG ceramic at 1250?°C. A chemical reaction between YAG and the molten CMAS glass did not occur at 1250?°C for 24?h, suggesting that YAG could act as an impermeable material against glassy CMAS deposits in the TBC field.     

气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧喷注器燃烧特性对比研究

为了获得气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧两种推进剂组合燃烧特性的异同,将氢/氧气-气啧注器的设计经验用于气氧/甲烷气-气喷注器设计,在同一燃烧室中针对气氧/甲烷与气氢/气氧同轴剪切喷注器燃烧特性开展了数值仿真与试验研究.结果表明:在喷注器设计参数相似的情况下,气氧/甲烷喷注器尺寸与气氢/气氧喷注器尺寸相当;在相同的燃烧室设计压力、结构尺寸,以及两种推进剂组合均完全燃烧的情况下,要产生相同的推力,气氧/甲烷(混合比3.5)推进剂流量约为氢/氧(混合比6.0)推进剂流量的1.27倍,气氧/甲烷燃烧所需燃烧室特征长度约为氢/氧燃烧室特征长度的1.48倍,气氧/甲烷燃烧室壁面热载约为氢/氧燃烧室壁面热载的一半.     

Si3N4－TiN－SiC复相陶瓷的燃烧合成

Si₃N₄－TiN－SiC Multiphase ceramics was produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with TiSi₂ and SiC. The liqu id phases produced during combustion of TiSi₂ and N₂ will decrease conversi on factor of the products. The effect of the dilution and nitrogen pressure on t he conversion of the products and combustion temperature was analyzed. The contradictory of liquid phases, dilution and combustion temperature was reso lved by increasing nitrogen pressure. Decrease of porosity was resulted from the volume expansion of discomposed TiSi₂,the volume expansion of Si transformed to Si₃N₄ at high temperature. The nitride mechanism of TiSi₂ was studied. TiN was first synthesized,then Si₃N₄ was formed.     

浆料浸渍工艺制备高性能Al2O3/Al2O3陶瓷基复合材料

为了利于大型构件的制备,采用浆料浸渍工艺,以Nextel 720连续氧化铝纤维增韧,通过一次烧结过程制备了Al₂O₃/Al₂O₃陶瓷基复合材料。测试了复合材料的物理及力学性能,并采用光学显微镜、SEM对试样的微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明：复合材料的体积密度为2.64 g/cm³,显气孔率为26%,材料基体呈现典型的多孔结构特征;室温及1 200 ℃,复合材料厚度方向的热导率分别为3.49及2.04 W/（m·K）;200～1 200 ℃,复合材料面内方向的热膨胀系数为（4.7～7.1）×10^-6/K;复合材料室温、1 100及1 200 ℃拉伸强度分别为202.4、222.4及228.4 MPa,试样断面纤维拔出明显;室温弯曲强度为200.5 MPa,试样发生韧性断裂;层剪强度为21.0 MPa。制备的材料主要性能与美国ATK-COI陶瓷公司的同类型材料相当,部分力学性能更优异。     

SiC/SiBCN-Si3N4复合材料力学性能研究

为了深入了解SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄材料微观形貌与高温力学行为,建立科学可靠的定量表征方法,本文使用多种表征手段对SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄材料进行定量观测,首先进行材料孔隙率及密度的测试,随后进行材料高温原位力学性能测试并对材料损伤机理进行了分析,最后基于试验数据构建了一种可解释的深度学习模型,实现了材料高温非线性本构关系预测。样件力学性能分析结果表明：平均应力预测误差为0.27%~0.59%、平均应变预测误差为1.96%~3.41%;同时通过量化分析明确了影响力学性能的因素依次为温度、偏轴角度、孔隙率及密度。本文实现了不同环境温度、偏轴角度与外载荷作用下SiC/SiBCN-Si₃N₄宏观力学性能的预测,可为陶瓷基复合材料高温本构模型的建立提供新思路。     

氢/氧气-气燃烧与气-液燃烧特性对比研究

对氢/氧气-气和气-液同轴剪切式单喷注器进行了燃烧流动的仿真研究.采用带化学反应的湍流Navier-Stokes方程和颗粒轨道模型描述发动机内部喷雾两相燃烧流动过程,气相化学反应速率都由Ar-rhenius公式计算.对典型气-气燃烧和气-液燃烧仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明气-气燃烧完成长度相对气-液燃烧更长;并进行了同轴喷注器关键参数对两种燃烧流场的影响的仿真和分析比较,得到喷注流量和动量比均为影响两类型喷注器燃烧流场的关键因素,且这两因素对燃烧完成长度的影响趋势是完全相同的,而喷注速度对两类型喷注器燃烧流场影响程度都较小.      

Hot Corrosion Behavior of Double-ceramic-layer LaTi2 Al9O19/YSZ Thermal Barrier Coatings

LaTi 2 Al 9 O 19 (LTA) exhibits promising potential as a new kind of thermal barrier coating (TBC) material, due to its excellent high-temperature capability and low thermal conductivity. In this paper, LTA/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBCs are produced by atmospheric plasma spraying. Hot corrosion behavior and the related failure mechanism of the coating are investigated. Decomposition of LTA does not occur even after 1 458 hot corrosion cycles at 1 373 K, revealing good chemical stability in molten salt of Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl. However, the molten salt infiltrates to the bond coat, causing dissolving of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) in the molten salt and hot corrosion of the bond coat. As a result, cracking of the TBC occurs within the oxide layer. In conclusion, the ceramic materials LTA and YSZ reveal good chemical stability in molten salts of Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl, and the bond coat plays a significant role in providing protection for the component against hot corrosion in the LTA/YSZ TBCs. LTA exhibits very promising potential as a novel TBC material.     

微环形腔内有氧条件下CH4/H2O/CO2催化重整反应特性数值研究

基于表面反应详细机理,数值研究了微环形腔内有氧条件下,组分、温度、质量流量对甲烷/水/二氧化碳催化重整反应特性的影响.结果表明:低温下,增大水的含量可提高产氢量,而增大二氧化碳含量对产氢量无明显影响.增大二氧化碳或水的含量,可提高甲烷转化率.低温下二氧化碳、水等组分的改变对甲烷重整反应的影响较小,高温下组分的影响增强.质量流量增大,出口氢气、一氧化碳质量分数和甲烷转化率明显降低.高流量下加入水或二氧化碳对甲烷转化率的影响已不再明显.当水(二氧化碳)作为产物时,质量流量的增大对其影响并不大;而做为反应物时,质量流量增大,使出口处水(二氧化碳)的质量分数升高.      

层状Ti3C2Tx/水性聚氨酯复合双层薄膜的制备及电磁屏蔽性能

采用交替真空抽滤制备Ti_3C_2T_x MXene/WPU复合双层薄膜,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了微观形貌,X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试了晶体结构,通过矢量网络分析仪测试了电磁屏蔽性能。结果表明,可以通过超声离心制备出少层Ti_3C_2T_x;复合双层薄膜具有高韧性、高导电性以及优异的电磁屏蔽性能,表面电阻为3.57Ω;电磁屏蔽性能结果表明,MWPU_(3:1)的复合薄膜屏蔽性能为37.9 dB。在X波段与K波段,MWPU_(3:1)复合薄膜性能较为优异,且复合薄膜是吸收型电磁屏蔽材料。     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4/T-ZnOw Composites

Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites are fabricated by depositing a layer of Fe3O4 film on the surface of tetrapod-shaped ZnO whisker (T-ZnOw) by ferrite plating method. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The effects of temperature and pH value of ferrite plating on the Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites and the magnetic properties of composites are studied. It is shown that the chemical environment with pH value at 7.5 is most favorable for the ferrite plating processes by analyzing the main peaks intensity of Fe3O4 in the XRD patterns and the average diameters of the Fe3O4 crystalline. The increase of the ferrite plating temperature with pH value around 7.5 benefits the whole encapsulation of T-ZnOw by the Fe3O4 magnetic films. The composites exhibit ferromagnetic properties and show much lower magnetization intensity than bulk samples at the same magnetic field intensity.     

Ti2AlC/TiB2/TiC复相陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用SHS法合成了Ti_2Al C、TiB_2、TiC三相复合陶瓷粉体;应用SPS技术制备了Ti_2AlC/TiB_2/TiC块体复相陶瓷材料;采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对复相材料的相组成、微观形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明:在所制备的复相块体陶瓷中,Ti2Al C为基体相,TiB_2和TiC弥散分布于基体相中;复相块体陶瓷具有高的致密度,为99.6%;显微硬度平均为12.96 GPa;断裂韧性为45.28 MPa·m~(1/2),这为下一步研究其可加工性提供了实验依据。     

Influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 Co-doping on Phase Stability,Thermo-physical Properties and Sintering of 8YSZ

The role of multicomponent rare earth oxides in phase stability, thermophysical properties and sintering for ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) materials is investigated. 8YSZ codoped with 3 mol% Gd2O3 and 3 mol% Yb2O3 (GYb-YSZ) powders are synthesized by solid state reaction for 24 h at various temperatures. As temperature increases, stabilizers are dissolved into zirconia matrix gradually. Synthesized at 1 500 °C, GYb-YSZ is basically composed of cubic phase. GYb-YSZ exhibits excellent phase stability and sinters lower than 8YSZ by nearly three times. The thermal conductivity of GYb-YSZ is much lower than that of 8YSZ, and the thermal expansion coefficient of GYb-YSZ is comparable to that of 8YSZ. The influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doping on phase stability, thermal conductivity and sintering of 8YSZ is discussed.     

大气中N2O4/UDMH推进剂蒸发特性的研究

正确评估火箭爆炸后残留于地面的有毒推进剂形成的毒气的危害范围 ,关键问题之一是弄清楚渗入泥土中有毒推进剂的蒸发规律。介绍了 N2 O4/ UDMH推进剂在大气中蒸发的实验研究结果以及一种推进剂蒸发速率计算数学模型 ,实验结果与模型计算结果基本一致     

小型气氢气氧火箭发动机试验系统设计研究

根据小型气氢气氧火箭发动机试验工况的要求设计完成1 000 N级的气氢气氧火箭发动机试验系统.介绍了供气系统的设计过程,详细讨论了气氢气氧流量与管径的选取过程,完成了比对式推力测量装置和计算机测量与控制系统的设计,并进行系统标定及冷流验证试验.该试验系统能在不同工况下开展小型火箭发动机冷热试验研究,同时实现远程计算机监控,具有较高精度.