搅拌工具与垫板对搅拌摩擦焊温度场影响的数值分析

采用ABAQUS/Explicit模块建立了搅拌摩擦焊接(FSW)的完全热力耦合三维计算模型,研究了10mm厚7050铝合金FSW过程中,不同材料的搅拌工具与垫板对焊接温度场演变的影响.研究结果表明:不同材料的垫板与搅拌工具对焊接温度场有一定的影响;通过搅拌工具与垫板的热传导是热量散失的主要方式;在焊接过程中,随着垫板换热系数的增加,工件上下表面各等温线以搅拌工具为中心向内明显收缩.     

回填式搅拌摩擦点焊过程温度场的数值模拟

根据回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的连接机理,合理的温度场是获得高性能接头的基础;根据回填式搅拌摩擦点焊过程的特点,利用有限元分析软件MSC.Marc建立了焊接过程的有限元模型;在利用测温试验验证有限元模型正确性的基础上,利用数值模拟的方法对7075–T6铝合金焊接过程中的温度场进行研究。结果表明:在预热阶段,温度峰值随摩擦时间的增加呈现先快速后缓慢上升的趋势,在8s左右趋向稳定;在焊接阶段,温度峰值始终位于套筒端面的中心附近,且最大值出现在套筒回抽1s时,同时提高搅拌工具的旋转速度可增加焊接过程的温度最大值。     

AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区域成型过程及影响因素

接头焊核区域的形成是搅拌摩擦焊接的一个典型特征,其形状和大小对搅拌摩擦焊接头的性能有重要影响。以AZ31镁合金为母材,分析不同焊接参数(包括焊接压力、焊接速度、搅拌头倾斜角)条件下搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核成型的规律及特点,并建立焊核成型过程的简单模型。分析认为焊接压力和搅拌头倾斜角是影响焊核成型的重要因素,而焊接压力决定塑性材料的形成。焊核的形状主要由塑性材料的流动状态决定,搅拌头的形状和焊接速度影响塑性材料的流动,从而影响焊核的成型。掌握FSW焊核成型规律,可以选择合理的工艺参数。     

6082铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊试板温度场研究

采用热电偶测温技术系统测定了6mm6082铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊试板各特征点的温度变化曲线,分析了双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊过程中焊接试板不同区域的温度场分布特征。双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊搅拌头上、下轴肩同时产热,比传统搅拌摩擦焊产热量大,且热输入方式及试板接触散热条件也有很大不同,因此,其稳定焊接速度较大,从而导致双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊试板温度场分布特征与传统搅拌摩擦焊明显不同。双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊过程分为加速焊接和稳定焊接两个阶段,起始阶段,随着焊接速度的增加,靠近起始端测温点的温度逐渐升高,而远离起始端各测温点的温度升温则非常缓慢,当焊接速度达到较高的稳定焊接速度,搅拌头接近后续各测温点时,其温度值瞬间急剧升高,然后随着搅拌头的远离,温度值逐渐下降。不同区域测温点温度测试结果显示,靠近下轴肩试板测温点的温度高于靠近上轴肩试板、后退侧的温度明显高于前进侧;与单轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接试板相同,距离焊缝越近的位置温度上升和下降的越剧烈,峰值温度越高;焊接速度提高,各测温点的峰值温度依次降低,随着测温点远离焊缝中心,焊接速度对其温度分布的影响作用逐渐减弱。     

搅拌摩擦焊技术在巴西航空工业公司的应用

采用铝合金熔焊工艺时,金属部件的温度高于600℃,而采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术时,焊接铝金属部件的温度低于400℃,这样在焊接过程中就能使焊接区材料保持一种热塑化状态。     

基于LabVIEW的搅拌摩擦焊在线监测系统

搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)作为一种新型的固相连接技术,具有一系列传统焊接无法比拟的优点[1-2].如焊接时的无飞溅、不需要气体保护、焊后工件残余应力和变形小、焊接接头抗拉伸性能和抗弯曲性能良好、生产成本低和无污染等,这些性能在铝合金焊接方面具有得天独厚的优势[3-4].搅拌摩擦焊在加工过程中涉及到温度场、材料组织变化、材料流动、应力应变和振动等多方面的问题[5-8].为了提高搅拌摩擦焊的焊接质量,必须要设计一套能同时检测搅拌摩擦焊加工过程中的温度、三向力和振动信号的在线检测系统.     

搅拌头材质对搅拌摩擦焊温度场的影响

测定焊接试板及搅拌头自身的温度分布曲线,分析搅拌头材质对搅拌摩擦焊温度场的影响。结果表明,采用不同材质搅拌头,焊接试板及搅拌头自身温度场分布规律相同。焊接试板温度及温度梯度随测温点远离焊缝中心逐渐降低,焊接方向测温点的峰值温度依次升高,前进侧温度高于后退侧。稳定焊接阶段,摩擦产热传递至搅拌头的热量与通过其散失的热量保持动态平衡,搅拌头温度波动很小。采用比热容小、热传导系数大的材料制作搅拌头焊接时,一方面可以向焊接试板输入更多的热量,另一方面其自身散失的热量也更多,焊接试板及搅拌头自身的温度均较高。因此,搅拌头材质的选择应综合评定其热物理特性,以获得摩擦偶之间更高的热效率。     

2A14-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场及黏流层数值模拟分析

针对2A14铝合金搅拌摩擦焊过程,基于CEL数值模拟方法,采用Pressure Independ Multiyield Material模型,进行了不同搅拌头旋转速度与焊接速度条件下温度场有限元模拟分析。根据温度场分布分析了不同工艺条件下搅拌头前端黏流层厚度变化规律。依据搅拌摩擦焊过程中流变层工艺要求与黏流层模拟厚度,预测了不同工艺条件下的焊接质量,进而提出了2A14铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数控制准则。     

搅拌头几何特征对搅拌摩擦焊试板温度场的影响

通过实验测量了不同类型搅拌头条件下铝合金焊接试板特征点的温度曲线,分析了搅拌头轴肩尺寸和搅拌针形状对焊接试板温度场的影响。结果表明,轴肩是搅拌摩擦焊接热输入的主要来源,搅拌头轴肩尺寸越大,产生的焊接热量越大,对应试板测温点的温度越高。搅拌头针形对焊接初始阶段试板的温度有明显影响,稳定焊接阶段,试板温度与搅拌针的几何特征及其作用下焊缝金属的塑性流动有关。采用圆台形搅拌针时焊接试板温度最高,采用圆柱形搅拌针时试板温度次之,采用螺纹形搅拌针时试板温度最低。通过对采用圆柱形搅拌针时垂直于焊缝方向上焊接试板温度数据的回归分析,得到了焊接试板宽度方向温度分布的二次解析式。     

搅拌摩擦焊流变特性研究

通过对搅拌摩擦焊 (FSW )的焊接行为和焊接接头的金相图等基础资料的观察和比较 ,对铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊的流变特性进行了分析和讨论 ,总结了搅拌摩擦焊塑化金属在焊接时的流变特性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.