重载航空负载模拟器非线性最优前馈补偿控制

重载航空负载模拟器是用来模拟"C919"、"运-20"等重载飞机舵面工作载荷的地面仿真平台。设计了一种重载航空负载模拟器,采用非对称缸作为执行机构以在小体积下完成大载荷加载。为了消除多余力对重载航空负载模拟器加载精度的影响,分析了非对称缸正反向运动和大载荷变化下伺服阀流量增益的非线性变化对前馈补偿函数的影响,并设计了非线性参数估计控制器。同时分析了加速度等动态参数变化和静态参数的误差对多余力消除的影响,设计了参数最优控制器。仿真和试验结果均表明,相比于传统前馈补偿控制器,所设计的非线性最优前馈补偿控制器下的加载精度和多余力抑制能力提高了50%以上。     

电动负载模拟器的多余力矩抑制

为实现负载台的恒力矩加载,必须抑制由于舵机主动运动造成的多余力矩。文章通过数学建模仿真和对系统扫频辨识,应用结构不变性原理抑制了多余力矩,并在实际系统进行了验证,证明了此种抑制多余力矩方法的有效性。     

基于速度同步控制的电液负载模拟器

通过理论与试验相结合的方法建立了电液力伺服控制系统的精确非线性数学模型 ,从理论上对采用传统的结构不变性原理来消除多余力的方案进行了分析 ,找出了其效果有一定局限性的机理 ,说明电液力伺服系统的非线性和频率特性对电液负载模拟器的性能有较大的影响 ,进而提出了利用舵机伺服阀的控制信号进行速度同步控制、抑制多余力矩的新方案 ,消除了系统滞后的影响 ,另外 ,由于舵机与加载马达数学模型的相似性 ,对非线性起到了一定的补偿作用。仿真和试验结果证明该方案在系统的动态品质、鲁棒性和消扰能力等方面具有相当好的效果。     

基于双回路控制的电动负载模拟器研究

电动舵机负载模拟器可在实验条件下模拟飞行器飞行过程中舵机受到的空气动力铰链力矩,是半实物仿真的重要设备。在介绍电动负载模拟器研究进展并指出目前伺服系统研究所面临的难题的基础上,以改善系统动态频响为目标,设计基于双回路电机的加载方案并建立双回路系统的数学模型;通过系统仿真,分析系统输出力矩对指令力矩的跟踪能力,验证数学模型的准确性。结果表明:双回路方案有效地抑制了系统多余力,其工作频带在舵机扰动的情况下仍可达35 Hz,为电动负载模拟器提供了一种频带更高、匹配性更好的实现方案。     

基于改进的速度同步控制的电液负载模拟器

对地面半实物加载仿真实验中存在的"多余力"问题进行分析和研究。首先建立了电液加载系统的数学模型,提出"多余力干扰系数"的概念,并给出定义方法。利用多余力干扰系数对多余力"成分"进行定量分析,理论分析传统"速度同步控制"抑制多余力的机理以及存在的问题,并提出了改进方法。在传统"速度同步控制"的基础上,提出利用舵机和加载系统的速度差对"多余力"进行二次抑制。实验结果验证了改进方案的有效性。基于改进方法,电液负载模拟器取得了理想的动态加载效果,"多余力"抑制能力较传统的"速度同步控制"方法提高了25%以上。     

基于扩展状态观测器的电动负载模拟器反演滑模控制

针对电动负载模拟器中存在的强位置扰动、摩擦、间隙非线性以及参数时变等不确定干扰,提出了一种基于扩展状态观测器的反演滑模控制策略。基于反演设计的思想,将电动负载模拟器分解为负载力矩子系统和永磁同步电机驱动子系统。对负载力矩子系统,利用带有滤波器的扩展状态观测器,消除量测噪声对系统的影响,同时估计出系统中存在的干扰,而后采用比例趋近滑模控制律,得出负载力矩子系统所对应的虚拟控制量;对永磁同步电机驱动子系统,利用常规扩展状态观测器估计出子系统中的复合扰动,采用非奇异终端滑模控制律,消除观测误差以及干扰对系统的影响,并得出系统所需的最终控制量。最后,利用李雅普诺夫方法证明了电动负载模拟器的稳定性,并通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于积分鲁棒的电液负载模拟器渐近跟踪控制

电液负载模拟器(EHLS)是典型的电液力矩伺服系统,存在大量非线性特性和模型不确定性(特别是非线性摩擦),随着对电液力矩伺服系统跟踪性能的要求越来越高,传统线性控制策略很难满足加载系统的高性能需求,迫切需要设计先进的非线性控制策略。针对以上问题,建立了包含连续可微摩擦模型的系统非线性数学模型,基于Lyapunov理论设计了一种误差符号积分鲁棒控制方法。该方法能够克服模型不确定性对系统的影响,在舵机运动干扰作用下实现了系统的渐近稳定性能。实验对比结果验证了该控制方法的优良性能。     

基于极限性能要求的电液负载模拟器多刚度与非线性复合数学模型

 揭示了传统模型的建模精度是影响电液负载模拟器极限性能研究的主要问题。分析并建立了多刚度与非线性复合数学模型,引入了基于舵机安装刚度、负载刚度、力矩传感器刚度、加载马达轴刚度的多刚度模型;合成了伺服阀的流量非线性、系统的饱和与摩擦等非线性环节;并与传统线性模型进行了比对分析与仿真实验,验证了模型的精确性。结果表明复合数学模型更真实而且精确地表征了系统物理情况,为系统结构参数优化设计和控制策略研究提供了理论基础。     

基于阻尼补偿的直流发电机带恒功率负载系统稳定性分析

提出了一种提高基于阻尼补偿的直流(DC)发电机带恒功率负载(CPL)系统稳定性的方法.依据输入滤波器输出阻抗极大值最小原则对基于阻尼补偿的直流发电机带恒功率负载系统输入滤波器参数进行了最优设计,给出了设计方法和流程.运用Bode图和Nyquist曲线对基于阻尼补偿的直流发电机带恒功率负载系统进行稳定性分析,并与在输出端...     

基于GIS的本场二次雷达选址应用

空管二次监视雷达建设对于场地条件、电磁环境、净空限制等要求较高,在选址阶段需要考虑多种因素的影响,而机场周边环境复杂,造成选址困难,本文介绍了东部某机场如何利用GIS技术快速高效完成本场二次雷达选址工作。     

Robust Control for Static Loading of Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator with Friction Compensation

Load simulator is a key test equipment for aircraft actuation systems in hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. Static loading is an essential function of the load simulator and widely used in the static/dynamic stiffness test of aircraft actuation systems. The tracking performance of the static loading is studied in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical models of the hydraulic load simulator are derived, and the feedback linearization method is employed to construct a feed-forward controller to improve the force tracking performance. Considering the effect of the friction, a LuGre model based friction compensation is synthesized, in which the unmeasurable state is estimated by a dual state observer via a controlled learning mechanism to guarantee that the estimation is bounded. The modeling errors are attenuated by a well-designed robust controller with a control accuracy measured by a design parameter. Employing the dual state observer is to capture the different effects of the unmeasured state and hence can improve the friction compensation accuracy. The tracking performance is summarized by a derived theorem. Experimental results are also obtained to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

内模I-PD控制在舵机负载模拟器中的应用

为了提高舵机负载模拟器的抗干扰性能,解决控制对象参数时变、不确定性的问题,在PID控制的基础上提出了内模I-PD控制器.计算机仿真和实际应用表明,内模I-PD控制具有较好的鲁棒性和控制品质,能够进一步抑制多余力矩对系统的干扰,且易于工程实现,具有很好的应用价值.     

Study on Friction Torque Loading with an Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator

This article, in order to precisely impose friction on aircraft and weapon actuation systems, presents a new friction loading method characteristic of “torque-zero velocity” switching control with an electro-hydraulic load simulator. As the general Stribeck friction model has little related to static friction, it proposes a “torque-zero velocity” switcher, in which a zero-velocity controller is developed to load the static friction and a torque controller the kinetic friction. With the help of mathematical modeling, this article designs a “torque-zero velocity” switching controller and, correspondingly, provides a “dual-threshold judgment” algorithm. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can be successfully used to carry out the static and kinetic friction simulation with an electro-hydraulic load simulator.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Robust Force Control of Hydraulic Load Simulator

This paper deals with the high performance force control of hydraulic load simulator. Many previous works for hydraulic force control are based on their linearization equations, but hydraulic inherent nonlinear properties and uncertainties make the conventional feedback proportional-integral-derivative control not yield to high-performance requirements. In this paper, a nonlinear system model is derived and linear parameterization is made for adaptive control. Then a discontinuous projection-based nonlinear adaptive robust force controller is developed for hydraulic load simulator. The proposed controller constructs an asymptotically stable adaptive controller and adaptation laws, which can compensate for the system nonlinearities and uncertain parameters. Meanwhile a well-designed robust controller is also developed to cope with the hydraulic system uncertain nonlinearities. The controller achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in the presence of both parametric uncertainties and uncertain nonlinearities; in the absence of uncertain nonlinearities, the scheme also achieves asymptotic tracking performance. Simulation and experiment comparative results are obtained to verify the high-performance nature of the proposed control strategy and the tracking accuracy is greatly improved.     

高精度液压仿真转台鲁棒控制

 针对液压仿真转台具有时变不确定性、复杂外干扰等特点和高精度控制性能要求,提出了一种鲁棒复合控制结构,该结构由鲁棒内回路补偿器、外回路反馈控制器和输入信号前馈补偿器三部分组成。其中,鲁棒内回路补偿器用来抑制外干扰和时变不确定性的影响,外回路反馈控制器的作用是保证闭环系统的整体性能,输入信号前馈补偿器实现对系统动态时滞的补偿,以保证对参考信号的精确跟踪。以某型液压仿真转台内环为例,首先根据所提出控制策略的基本思想,给出了控制系统的具体设计过程,然后,进行了阶跃响应、低速跟踪和正弦响应试验。试验结果表明,所提出的鲁棒控制策略是有效的和可行的。     

基于降维负载转矩观测器的永磁同步电机转矩前馈补偿策略

针对飞机电蒸发冷却系统中永磁同步电机(PMSM)在不同工况下的抗负载扰动问题,研究了负载转矩前馈的方法,提出了一种基于降维负载转矩观测器的转矩前馈控制难点。针对降维负载转矩观测器提出工程化设计方法,通过将观测到的负载转矩补偿到电机电流环输入,实现电机对负载扰动的快速响应,提高了抗负载扰动能力。仿真和试验结果验证了降维负载转矩观测器设计方法以及PMSM负载转矩前馈控制算法的正确性和有效性。     

Adaptive Fuzzy Torque Control of Passive Torque Servo Systems Based on Small Gain Theorem and Input-to-state Stability

Passive torque servo system (PTSS) simulates aerodynamic load and exerts the load on actuation system, but PTSS endures position coupling disturbance from active motion of actuation system, and this inherent disturbance is called extra torque. The most important issue for PTSS controller design is how to eliminate the influence of extra torque. Using backstepping technique, adaptive fuzzy torque control (AFTC) algorithm is proposed for PTSS in this paper, which reflects the essential characteristics of PTSS and guarantees transient tracking performance as well as final tracking accuracy. Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy logic system is utilized to compensate parametric uncertainties and unstructured uncertainties. The output velocity of actuator identified model is introduced into AFTC aiming to eliminate extra torque. The closed-loop stability is studied using small gain theorem and the control system is proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. The proposed AFTC algorithm is applied to an electric load simulator (ELS), and the comparative experimental results indicate that AFTC controller is effective for PTSS.     

Compound Control for Hydraulic Flight Motion Simulator

The design of a compound control is presented for the servo system of hydraulic flight motion simulator, which suffers from highly nonlinear dynamics, large parameter time-variation and severe load coupling among channels. The compound control is composed of a robust feedback controller and a feedforward compensator. The design aim is to achieve high tracking performance even in the presence of considerable uncertainty, external disturbance and load coupling among channels. Toward this aim the feedback controller for rejecting perturbation and disturbance is designed by using μ synthesis optimization technique and the feedforward compensator for compensating time lag of dynamic system is established based on the basic idea of zero phase error tracking. To validate the proposed control strategy, simulations and experiments are implemented, and show that the resulting system is highly robust against model perturbation and possesses excellent capability of suppressing the load coupling and improving the tracking performance.