旅游英语教学中的中国文化的渗透

语言和文化是一种双向行为,有输入,有输出。高职旅游英语教学中存在目的语文化输入占主导地位,母语文化输入严重缺失,学生用英语无法表达中国文化,从而导致跨文化交际障碍。论文主要探讨高职旅游英语教学中的中国文化教育问题。     

论大学英语教学中的文化导入

随着对交际理论的研究及其在大学英语教学中的应用,越来越多的教师认识到文化在语言学习中的重要作用,我们不仅要重视语言教学,也要重视文化教学。本文主要从文化导入的必要性,导入的原则和方法进行探讨,旨在提高学生语言运用能力的同时,培养学生的跨文化交际能力。     

概述文化教育在大学英语教学中的取向

文化教育导入大学英语教学是语言与文化之密切关系使然,更是时代发展的必要.文化教育旨在培养学生跨文化意识,增强学生跨文化交际能力,达到外语语言教学终极目标.鉴于文化内容包罗万象,语言教学中文化教育的范畴和方法要有针对性和实效性.唯此,大学英语文化教育才能和语言教学真正融为一体,使我国外语教学真正迎来大发展.     

跨文化交际中的翻译对等(英文)

跨文化交际是当前一个比较热的研究领域,其研究对于实现翻译对等有重要意义。翻译是一种特殊的跨文化交际,因此,要达到真正的翻译对等,必须克服与跨文化有关的各种障碍,如词汇、习语、生活经验、习俗等;另外交际方也必须了解如何与翻译工作者进行有效的合作。     

跨文化交际中的翻译对等

跨文化交际是当前一个比较热的研究领域,其研究对于实现翻译对等有重要意义.翻译是一种特殊的跨文化交际,因此,要达到真正的翻译对等,必须克服与跨文化有关的各种障碍,如词汇、习语、生活经验、习俗等;另外交际方也必须了解如何与翻译工作者进行有效的合作.     

英语教学中文化整合能力的提高策略

随着英语的普及,跨文化交际能力的培养成为学术界和教育界一个比较热门话题。在对英语语言的掌握和运用的理解上,社会文化能力凸显出日益重要的地位。特别是在中国加入WTO之后,面对经济、政治全球化影响和冲击下,文化的全球化也进入了人们的视野。基于此,本课题组成员着眼于在贯彻大学英语教学大纲基本要求的教学实践中,就如何提高学生社会文化能力,以便在多元文化的世界中寻求和谐的文化价值理念,加以融合、兼收并蓄,构建一种新型的文化价值体系进行了跨文化交际能力的理论研究和实践探讨。     

论外语教学中交际能力的培养

本文论述了外语教学中交际能力培养的重要性,指出了外语交际能力培养所存在的一些误区,并有针对性地提出了在外语教学中培养学生交际能力的方法和途径。通过对学生语言能力和跨文化意识的培养以及语言错误的正确处理,全面提高学生英语的交际能力。     

论外语教学中交际能力的培养

本文论述了外语教学中交际能力培养的重要性,指出了外语交际能力培养所存在的一些误区,并有针对性地提出了在外语教学中培养学生交际能力的方法和途径.通过对学生语言能力和跨文化意识的培养以及语言错误的正确处理,全面提高学生英语的交际能力.     

国际商务中的跨文化交际意识

跨文化交际（Inter-culture Communication）是指不同文化背景的个人之间的交际,即不同文化背景的人之间所发生的相互作用。随着社会经济的发展,拥有不同文化背景的人们之间的合作越来越频繁。增强跨文化理解、克服文化冲突、加强文化传播和合作已经变得十分重要。本文分析了跨文化交际冲突的表现、产生这些冲突的原因并提出了具体对策。     

论英语冗余现象在语言交际中的作用

冗余现象普遍存在于英语交际过程中。论文从语用学的角度论述了冗余现象及其在语言交际中的作用，并对如何引导学生合理利用冗余原理，更好地服务于日常交际提出了建议。     

GEOS and its US and European components: Challenges and impact

The Centre Français sur les Etats Unis (CFE) held a day-long workshop on GEOSS, GMES and IEOS on 17 January 2006. Sponsored by Arianespace, the invitation-only roundtable drew some 50 participants from European and US administration, industry and academia. The programme and the presentations are on the CFE web site: www.cfe-ifri.net. This report summarizes the proceedings.     

教育教学活动中的师生人际冲突及其解决方法

受传统观念的影响,人们一般只看到师生人际冲突的负面影响,而很少注意其正面作用;实际上,师生人际冲突是教育教学的互动形式之一,它的存在是必然的,也是合理的,它既有消极有害的一面,也有积极有益的一面。文章试在分析师生人际冲突原因的基础上,针对其影响的二重性,从学校、教师、学生三个方面,提出了正确对待师生人际冲突的建设性对策。     

偶氮呋咱和氧化偶氮呋咱的合成及表征

介绍了高能材料二氨基偶氮呋咱(DAAF)、二氨基氧化偶氮呋咱(DAOAF)及二硝基氧化偶氮呋咱(DNOAF)的合成。其中,采用新型氧化剂制备DAAF,得率提高至65.60%。通过DSC-TG、元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS等方法,对其结构进行了鉴定,并进行了常规的感度测试。感度数据表明,无氢炸药DNOAF的摩擦感度较大,与C-12相当,而DAAF和DAOAF为低感度炸药。     

汽车检测与维护专业建设的回顾与总结

汽车检测与维护专业是我校重点建设的广西区区级示范专业,经过五年的建设已经形成了一定的规模。文章主要从实验实训中心建设、课程建设、教材建设、师资队伍建设、教学改革等方面对该专业的建设历程进行了回顾和总结。     

Launch and early operations of Herschel and Planck

On 14 May 2009 the European Space Agency launched 2 space observatories: Herschel (with a 3.5 m mirror it is the largest space telescope ever) will collect long-wavelength infrared radiation and will be the only space observatory to cover the spectral range from far-infrared to sub-millimetre wavelengths, and Planck will look back at the dawn of time, close to the Big Bang, and will examine the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation to a sensitivity, angular resolution and frequency range never achieved before. This paper will present the Flight Dynamics, mission analysis challenges and flight results from the first 3 months of these missions.Both satellites were launched on the same Ariane 5 and travelled to the L2 Lagrange point of the sun–earth system 1.5 million km from the earth in the opposite direction of the sun. There they were injected to a quasi-halo orbit (Herschel) with the dimension of typically 750,000 km×450,000 km, and a Lissajous orbit (Planck) of 300,000 km×300,000 km.In order to reach these Lissajous orbits it is mandatory to perform large trajectory correction manoeuvres during the first days of the mission. Herschel had its main manoeuvres on the first day. Planck had to be navigated on the first day and by a mid-course correction manoeuvre, the L2 orbit insertion manoeuvre was planned on day 50. If these slots were missed, fuel penalties would rapidly increase.This posed a heavy load on the operations teams because both spacecrafts have to be thoroughly checked out and put into the correct modes of their attitude control systems during the first hours after launch.The sequence of events will be presented and explained and the orbit determination results as well as the manoeuvre planning will be emphasised.     

月球测绘学分类及应用展望

根据月球测绘的研究现状及发展趋势,对月球测绘学的概念进行了溯源与拓展。在分析月球测绘学与地球测绘学主要差异基础上,从传统测绘学科分类角度出发,综合考虑月球测绘学特殊性,重新梳理出月球测绘学主要学科专业分类,并详细介绍了每个学科专业的定义及国内外研究现状,给出了月球测绘学的五个主要应用领域及其应用展望。我国应尽早开展月球测绘理论与技术研究,形成完整的月球测绘学科体系,能够有力地促进我国空间科学技术的发展,保障后续探月工程的顺利实施。     

SMOS与Aquarius卫星海表盐度测量方法及数据的对比分析

国际上发射的海表盐度遥感卫星主要有2颗:欧洲的SMOS和美国的Aquarius卫星,为给后续海表盐度遥感提供参考借鉴,对比分析了这2颗卫星的遥感器载荷、数据处理算法和盐度数据。遥感器载荷方面,SMOS采用L波段二维综合孔径辐射计,而Aquarius采用L波段实孔径辐射计加散射计;数据处理算法方面,分析了二者在介电常数模型、海面粗糙度校正以及反演算法方面的差异;盐度数据方面,分析了SMOS与Aquarius盐度数据之间的相关程度,并分别与ISAS(In Situ Analysis System)浮标盐度数据作对比,分析了2颗卫星的盐度数据精度。将2颗卫星的盐度遥感数据与ISAS浮标盐度数据对比发现,在全球范围内,Aquarius盐度测量精度优于SMOS;但在开阔海域,SMOS盐度测量精度优于Aquarius;而在近海岸区域,均出现较大的误差,且SMOS数据误差更大。     

凝胶推进剂及其模拟剂的制备和特性表征

高能凝胶推进剂的选择、制备、实验及特性表征是凝胶推进剂研究的关键环节.燃料凝胶化包括有机和无机两种胶凝剂.氧化剂的凝胶化使用了无机胶凝剂.此外选择和配制了凝胶推进剂的模拟剂,它具有与实际燃料和氧化剂相匹配的流变特性.制备了在流变学上相匹配的凝胶燃料和凝胶氧化剂、惰性凝胶模拟剂与凝胶推进剂,并对其流变学特性进行了分类.     

Atlas II and IIA analyses and environments validation

General Dynamics has now flown all four versions of the Atlas commercial launch vehicle, which cover a payload weight capability to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) in the range of 5000–8000 lb. The key analyses to set design and environmental test parameters for the vehicle modifications and the ground and flight test data that validated them were prepared in paper IAF-91-170 for the first version, Atlas I.

This paper presents similar data for the next two versions, Atlas II and IIA. The Atlas II has propellant tanks lengthened by 12 ft and is boosted by MA-5A rocket engines uprated to 474,000 lb liftoff thrust. GTO payload capability is 6225 lb with the 11-ft fairing. The Atlas IIA is an Atlas II with uprated RL10A-4 engines on the lengthened Centaur II upper stage. The two 20,800 lb thrust, 449 s specific impulse engines with an optional extendible nozzle increase payload capability to GTO to 6635 lb. The paper describes design parameters and validated test results for many other improvements that have generally provided greater capability at less cost, weight and complexity and better reliability. Those described include: moving the MA-5A start system to the ground, replacing the vernier engines with a simple 50 lb thrust on-off hydrazine roll control system, addition of a POGO suppressor, replacement of Centaur jettisonable insulation panels with fixed foam, a new inertial navigation unit (INU) that combines in one package a ring-laser gyro based strapdown guidance system with two MIL-STD-1750A processors, redundant MIL-STD-1553 data bus interfaces, robust Ada-based software and a new Al-Li payload adapter. Payload environment is shown to be essentially unchanged from previous Atlas vehicles. Validation of load, stability, control and pressurization requirements for the larger vehicle is discussed.

All flights to date (five Atlas II, one Atlas IIA) have been successful in launching satellites for EUTELSAT, the U.S. Air Force and INTELSAT. Significant design parameters validated by these flights are presented. Particularly noteworthy has been the performance of the INU, which has provided average GTO insertion errors of only 10 miles apogee, 0.2 miles perigee and 0.004 degrees inclination. It is concluded that Atlas II/IIA have successfully demonstrated probably the largest number of current state-of-the-art components of any expendable launch vehicle flying today.     

Biochemical and hemodynamic changes in normal subjects during acute and rigorous bed rest and ambulation

Rigorous bed rest (RBR) induces significant biochemical and circulatory changes. However, little is known about acute rigorous bed rest (ARBR). Measuring biochemical and circulatory variables during ARBR and RBR the aim of this study was to establish the significance of ARBR effect. Studies were done during 3 days of a pre-bed rest (BR) period and during 7 days of ARBR and RBR period. Thirty normal male individuals aged, 24.1 +/- 6.3 years were chosen as subjects. They were divided equally into three groups: 10 subjects placed under active control conditions served as unrestricted ambulatory control subjects (UACS), 10 subjects submitted to an acute rigorous bed rest served as acute rigorous bed rested subjects (ARBRS) and 10 subjects submitted to a rigorous bed rest served as rigorous bed rested subjects (RBRS). The UACS were maintained under an average running distance of 9.7 km day-1. For the ARBR effect simulation, ARBRS were submitted abruptly to BR for 7 days. They did not have any prior knowledge of the exact date and time when they would be asked to confine to RBR. For the RBR effect simulation, RBRS were subjected to BR for 7 days on a predetermined date and time known to them right away from the start of the study. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma cortisol (PC), plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma and urinary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels, heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and arterial blood pressure (ABP) increased significantly, and urinary aldosterone (UA), stroke volume (SV) and plasma volume (PV) decreased significantly (p<0.05) in ARBRS and RBRS as compared with their pre-BR values and the values in UACS. Electrolyte, hormonal and hemodynamic responses were significantly (p<0.05) greater and occurred significantly faster (p<0.05) during ARBR than RBR. Parameters change insignificantly (p>0.05) in UACS compared with pre-BR control values. It was concluded that, the more abruptly muscular activity is restricted in experimental subjects while they are very active, the greater hemodynamic and biochemical change there is and probably in individuals whose muscular activity is abruptly terminated after an accident or sudden illness.