Advances on Technology and Application of Ocean Color Remote Sensing in China (2004 - 2006)

China has great progress in the technology and application of ocean color remote sensing during 2004-2006. In this report, firstly, four major technical advances are displaying, including (1) the vector radiative transfer numerical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system; (2) the atmospheric correction algorithm specialized on Chinese high turbid water; (3) systematical research of hyper-spectrum ocean color remote sensing; (4) local algorithms of oceanic parameters, like ocean color components, ocean primary productivity, water transparency, water quality parameters, etc. On the foundation of technical advances, ocean color remote sensing takes effect on ocean environment monitoring, with four major kinds of application systems, namely, (1) the automatic multi-satellites data receiving, processing and application system; (2) the shipboard satellite data receiving and processing system for fishery ground information; (3) Coastal water quality monitoring system, integrating satellite and airborne remote sensing technology and ship measurement; (4) the preliminary system of airborne ocean color remote sensing application system. Finally, the prospective development of Chinese ocean color remote sensing is brought forward. With Chinese second ocean color satellite (HY-1B) orbiting, great strides will take place in Chinese ocean color information accumulation and application.     

太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层的影响

光学遥感是当前卫星遥感的重要手段, 而卫星温控和能源系统也广泛采 用光学膜层, 它们在空间环境条件下的性能对卫星应用任务的完成, 乃至卫星寿命、安全将起着非常重要的作用. 本文给出了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学膜层影响的主要机制, 分析了这一影响的主要规律和原子氧剥蚀、高能粒子和静电场的作用, 综述了太阳紫外辐射对星上光学系统表面膜层影响的测量结果, 最后提出了星上光学膜层污染防护中应重点关注的几个方面.      

Distribution of chlorophyll and harmful algal blooms (HABs): A review on space based studies in the coastal environments of Chinese marginal seas

Monitoring of spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll (Chl-a) concentrations in the aquatic milieu is always challenging and often interesting. However, the recent advancements in satellite digital data play a significant role in providing outstanding results for the marine environmental investigations. The present paper is aimed to review ‘remote sensing research in Chinese seas’ within the period of 24 years from 1978 to 2002. Owing to generalized distributional pattern, the Chl-a concentrations are recognized high towards northern Chinese seas than the southern. Moreover, the coastal waters, estuaries, and upwelling zones always exhibit relatively high Chl-a concentrations compared with offshore waters. On the basis of marine Chl-a estimates obtained from satellite and other field measured environmental parameters, we have further discussed on the applications of satellite remote sensing in the fields of harmful algal blooms (HABs), primary production and physical oceanographic currents of the regional seas. Concerned with studies of HABs, satellite remote sensing proved more advantageous than any other conventional methods for large-scale applications. Probably, it may be the only source of authentic information responsible for the evaluation of new research methodologies to detect HABs. At present, studies using remote sensing methods are mostly confined to observe algal bloom occurrences, hence, it is essential to coordinate the mechanism of marine ecological and oceanographic dynamic processes of HABs using satellite remote sensing data with in situ measurements of marine environmental parameters. The satellite remote sensing on marine environment and HABs is believed to have a great improvement with popular application of technology.     

Satellites for the study of ocean primary productivity

Estimates of global marine primary productivity are currently based upon the ¹⁴C method for determining rates of plankton photosynthesis and upon the relatively sparse data available using shipboard sampling techniques. With recent advances in remote sensing and in multiplatform (ship, aircraft, and satellite) sampling strategies, it is now possible to significantly lower the variance in estimates of phytoplankton abundance and of population growth rates.Multiplatform sampling strategies are essential to assess the mean and variance of phytoplankton biomass on a regional or on a global basis. The relative errors associated with shipboard and satellite estimates of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity, as well as the increased statistical accuracy now possible from the utilization of contemporaneous data from both sampling platforms, are discussed. It is shown that one of the more exciting and potentially useful aspects of oceanographic research today is our new ability to view large areas of the ocean synoptically.     

The use of Earth resources satellites in the development of Latin America

Remote Sensing Technology has been used since 1972 by the governments of Latin America to promote national and regional development activities. Dedicated centers totally involved in remote sensing research and development were created. Major investment programs were also promoted by the Latin American countries to include satellite remote sensing technology in their national projects.     

Selected examples of profitable applications of remote sensing for resources inventories and monitoring

The Remote Sensing Centre of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in Warsaw has been operating since 1976. It has multi-disciplinary character; carries out scientific research, elaborates technologies of remote sensing investigations, applies remote sensing methods for solving various practical problems, coordinates national activities in this field, developes and disseminates remote sensing knowledge at both national and international levels offering various types of specialized training.The authors discuss the role of remote sensing investigations in the process of development planning. Examples of projects executed at the Remote Sensing Centre and concerning topographic and land use mapping, geological investigations, agricultural crop area determination, forest research, environmental monitoring and studies of climatic conditions in urban environment are described and extensively discussed in the paper. The authors emphasize these areas of the application of remote sensing and these interpretation techniques which are of potential interest for the developing countries.     

Remote sensing applications in the meteorology and operational hydrology programmes of WMO

Remote sensing from satellites continues to have a very large impact on the activities of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and continues to provide very great benefits to meteorological services throughout the world. Meteorological satellites provide remotely sensed data which can be converted into meteorological measurements such as cloud cover, cloud motion vectors, surface temperature, vertical profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity, snow and ice cover, ozone and various radiation measurements. The meteorological satellites are part of the global operations of the World Weather Watch Programme which serves as the basic programme of the WMO by supporting other programmes and activities. Satellite measurements are critical to the success of many different components in the World Climate Programme. Special projects are being designed for the 1990s to take advantage of the data from satellite systems designed primarily to provide land or ocean observations. The Applications of Meteorology Programme makes use of remotely sensed data to provide products and services to agricultural, aeronautical and marine activities. The transfer of knowledge and technology in satellite remote sensing applications are important elements of the Technical Co-operation and the Education and Training Programmes.     

模态综合在遥感卫星颤动响应分析中的应用

高分辨率遥感卫星对地观测时,星上部件的运动使星体产生颤动响应,该响应会对成像质量产生一定影响。介绍了基于混合界面综合方法的遥感卫星动力学模型及其简化计算方案;给出了运动部件拢动影响下遥感卫星的颤动响应分析仿真结果。这些结果可供卫星总体部门参考。     

联合国空间科学技术和应用讨论会在北京召开

<正> 一九八五年十月二十一日至二十九日,由联合国和中国政府共同组织的“联合国空间科学技术和应用讨论会”在北京举行。参加讨论会的有来自联合国、世界气象组织、国际电信联盟、欧洲空间局的代表,以及加拿大、捷克、法国、民主德国、联邦德国、印度、日本、马来西亚、尼日利亚、蒙古、菲律宾、波兰、泰国、美国、苏联和中国等国家代表共六十多人。     

面向高分辨率遥感影像的地形辐射校正方法

地形辐射校正对获取准确的地表定量遥感精度意义重大。针对传统地形辐射校正模型不适用于高分辨率遥感影像的问题,提出了一种基于辐射传输模型,同时严控误差源的地形辐射校正方法,以资源三号01星高分辨率全色及多光谱遥感影像为例进行相关实验,实现对高分辨率遥感影像的地形辐射校正,并进行了主客观分析与评价。分析结果表明:本文提出的地形辐射校正模型和方法,能有效解决全色遥感影像在绝对辐射定标系数缺失情况下校正效果差以及如何保持高分辨率遥感影像细节等难点,较传统方法更适用于高分辨率遥感影像。      

A study of forest vegetation dynamics in the south of the Krasnoyarskii Krai in spring

Remote sensing applications have greatly enhanced ability to monitor and manage in the areas of forestry. Accurate measurements of regional and global scale vegetation dynamics (phenology) are required to improve models and understanding of inter-annual variability in terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange and climate–biosphere interactions. Study of vegetation phenology is required for understanding of variability in ecosystem. In this paper, monitoring of vegetation dynamics using time series of satellite data is presented. Vegetation variability (vegetation rate) in different topoclimatic areas is investigated. Original software using IDL interactive language for processing of satellite long-term data series was developed. To investigate growth dynamics vegetation rate inferred from remote sensing was used. All estimations based on annual time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. Vegetation rate for Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated using MODIS data. The time series covers spring seasons of each of 9 years, from 2000 to 2008. Comparison of EVI and NDVI derived growth rates has shown that NDVI derived rates reveal spatial structure better. Using long-term data of vegetation rates variance was estimated that helps to reveal areas with anomalous growth rate. Such estimation shows sensitivity degree of different areas to different topoclimatic conditions. Woods of heights depend on spatial topoclimatic variability unlike woods of lowlands. Principal components analysis shows vegetation with different rate conditions. Also it reveals vegetation of same type in areas with different conditions. It was demonstrated that using of methods for estimating the dynamic state of vegetation based on remote sensing data enables successful monitoring of vegetation phenology.     

基于策略的遥感卫星管控方法研究

针对遥感卫星管理控制中业务应用与底层调度紧耦合导致的操作复杂、人工干预多等问题,提出一种基于策略的遥感卫星管控方法。在搭建策略管控模型的基础上,采用分层控制闭环结构,构建卫星控制闭环;提出卫星集群分域管理方法,并设置策略部署机制;详细论述了基于策略的遥感卫星管控实现方法;以海上失联舰船搜救任务为典型案例进行仿真,验证该方法可以完成异构卫星集群基于事件驱动的闭环控制。基于策略的管理方法能够有效降低遥感卫星管控业务的复杂度,实现遥感卫星集群的自动控制。     

遥感卫星原始数据格式分析及规范化研究

遥感卫星原始数据(RAW)格式不仅是遥感卫星地面系统运行和建设过程中的一个焦点问题,也是遥感数据用户十分关心的问题之一.目前,国内外对RAW数据格式的定义比较混乱,没有统一的行业标准,这种局面已严重影响到遥感卫星数据的高效使用及数据的长期存档,也严重制约了地面系统的进一步发展建设.本文通过分析国内外几种主流的遥感卫星RAW数据格式及特点,并结合中国遥感卫星地面站投入运行20年来的实践,提出了一种遥感卫星RAW格式方案,以期RAW数据格式早日规范化.      

Main results and perspectives of some Chilean experiences developed with low cost and accurate spatial remote sensing technology

This paper intends to summarize the main results and perspectives of several Chilean Programs developed by using low cost but accurate remote sensing techniques. Due to paper restrictions, three main applications will be shown : use of satellite data collection systems to measure meteorological data in Ant arctic Peninsula; study of geothermal resources in Los Andes Range by using multispectral and multitemporal Landsat images; and snowmelt runoff forecasting for Andean watersheds by using Landsat data. All these applications have allowed to obtain important and useful results and low cost, reliable and accurate methodologies have been obtained for these studies.     

Technology Progress Report for Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing

In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments formeteorological satellite FY-3, ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2), environment small SAR satellite (H J-1C) and China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), are reported.     

Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education and ICG Information Centres affiliated to the United Nations

Based on resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly, Regional Centres for Space Science and Technology Education were established in India, Morocco, Nigeria, Brazil and Mexico. Simultaneously, education curricula were developed for the core disciplines of remote sensing, satellite communications, satellite meteorology, and space and atmospheric science. This paper provides a brief summary on the status of the operation of the regional centres with a view to use them as information centres of the International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG), and draws attention to their educational activities.     

Technology Progress Report for Microwave Remote Sensing

In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), meteorological satellite FY-3 and ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2) are reported.     

Progress for Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing in China

In this paper,technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is intro-duced.New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for meteorological satellite FY-3,ocean dynamic measurement satellite(HY-2),environment small SAR satellite(HJ-1C) and China's lunar exploration satellite(Chang'E-1),geostationary orbit meteorological satellite FY-4M,are reported.      

遥感卫星高速数传信息流设计

随着卫星遥感技术水平的提高,遥感数据的类型和数据量快速增加。为适应多类型、高速率遥感数据传输的复杂需求,对数传信息流进行了顶层设计,定义了数传与遥感系统数据接口以及数传帧格式,对遥感数据传输所需码速率进行了分类计算,为设计固定的下行数传码速率提供了依据。进而针对不同类型的遥感数据提出了基于分组优先级虚拟信道动态调度策略的数传信息流设计方案,确保不同类型遥感数据的传输满足不同的应用需求。对高速遥感数据确保满足较低的缓存容量需求,对低速遥感数据确保满足实时性传输需求。采用动态仿真技术对数传信息流设计方案进行了试验验证。设计方案可为后续新一代遥感卫星数传系统设计提供参考。