深空激光通信进展及应用研究

深空激光通信是实现深空高速通信的主要手段之一。对国外深空激光通信的发展现状进行了综述,总结了深空激光通信技术发展的若干启示,给出了深空激光通信的典型应用,分析了深空激光通信涉及的主要关键技术,以期为我国深空激光通信的发展提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

磁通门磁强计在深空探测中的应用

磁场测量是深空探测的重要任务之一,通过磁场可以遥感行星内部、研究行星演化历史、认知太阳系天体空间环境。基于法拉第电磁感应原理的磁通门磁强计,因空间适应性强、技术成熟度高、可靠性高等特点,是深空磁场测量最为常用的载荷。简要描述了磁通门磁强计的基本测量原理,探讨了地面和在轨标定的原理和实施方法,并介绍了磁强计在空间任务中的应用方式。目前,我国已经具备了星载高精度磁通门磁强计的研制能力。在不久的将来,磁通门磁强计有望在深空探测任务中发挥重要作用。     

MIDACO on MINLP space applications

A numerical study on two challenging mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) space applications and their optimization with MIDACO, a recently developed general purpose optimization software, is presented. These applications are the optimal control of the ascent of a multiple-stage space launch vehicle and the space mission trajectory design from Earth to Jupiter using multiple gravity assists. Additionally, an NLP aerospace application, the optimal control of an F8 aircraft manoeuvre, is discussed and solved. In order to enhance the optimization performance of MIDACO a hybridization technique, coupling MIDACO with an SQP algorithm, is presented for two of these three applications. The numerical results show, that the applications can be solved to their best known solution (or even new best solution) in a reasonable time by the considered approach. Since using the concept of MINLP is still a novelty in the field of (aero)space engineering, the demonstrated capabilities are seen as very promising.     

Building capacity in the basic space sciences in Southern Africa: Experiences and prospects

The basic space sciences and their supporting technologies underpin the ability of a country to utilise space applications programmes for development. By whatever measure is employed, Africa is under-represented in the international space science community. This paper reviews lessons learnt over the past 8 years with regard to sustainable capacity building in the region. At present there are a number of role-players in the space arena engaged in various capacity-building initiatives. We advocate that the emphasis of these initiatives should shift from fairly isolated capacity-building activities to comprehensive regional capacity-building programmes developed jointly by the different role-players. In order to develop such coordinated programmes, the establishment of a capacity-building forum involving the space community, the development sector and the developing countries in a region, is proposed.     

The effects of proton radiation on UHMWPE material properties for space flight and medical applications

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a polymer widely used as a radiation shielding material in space flight applications and as a bearing material in total joint replacements. As a long chain hydrocarbon based polymer, UHMWPE’s material properties are influenced by radiation exposure, and prior studies show that gamma irradiation is effective for both medical sterilization and increased wear resistance in total joint replacement applications. However, the effects of space flight radiation types and doses on UHMWPE material properties are poorly understood. In this study, three clinically relevant grades of UHMWPE (GUR 1020, GUR 1050, and GUR 1020 blended with Vitamin E) were proton irradiated and tested for differences in material properties. Each of the three types of UHMWPE was irradiated at nominal doses of 0 Gy (control), 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 20 Gy, and 35 Gy. Following irradiation, uniaxial tensile testing and thermal testing using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) were performed. Results show small but significant changes in several material properties between the control (0 Gy) and 35 Gy samples, indicating that proton irradiation could have a effect on the long term performance of UHMWPE in both medical and space flight applications.     

Development of New Capabilities Using Machine Learning for Space Weather Prediction

With the development of space exploration and space environment measurements, the numerous observations of solar, solar wind, and near Earth space environment have been obtained in last 20 years. The accumulation of multiple data makes it possible to better use machine learning technique, which has achieved unforeseen results in industrial applications in last decades, for developing new approaches and models in space weather investigation and prediction. In this paper, the efforts on the forecasting methods for space weather indices, events, and parameters using machine learning are briefly introduced based on the study works in recent years. These investigations indicate that machine learning, especially deep learning technique can be used in automatic characteristic identification, solar eruption prediction, space weather forecasting for solar and geomagnetic indices, and modeling of space environment parameters.      

Application of China–Brazil Earth resources satellite in China

The launch and successful operation of Chinese–Brazil Earth resources satellite (CBERS-1) in China has accelerated the application of space technology in China. These applications include agriculture, forestry, water conservation, land resources, city planning, environment protection and natural hazards monitoring and so on. The result of these applications provides a scientific basis for government decision making and has created great economic and social benefits in Chinese national economy construction. In this paper we present examples and provide auxiliary documentation of additional applications of the data from Earth resource monitoring.     

Proposal for a United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative

The United Nations Programme on Space Applications, implemented by the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, promotes the benefits of space-based solutions for sustainable economic and social development. The Programme assists Member States of the United Nations to establish indigenous capacities for the use of space technology and its applications. In the past the Programme has primarily been focusing on the use of space applications and on basic space science activities. However, in recent years there has been a strong interest in a growing number of space-using countries to build space technology capacities, for example, the ability to develop and operate small satellites. In reaction to this development, the United Nations in cooperation with the International Academy of Astronautics has been organizing annual workshops on small satellites in the service of developing countries. Space technology related issues have also been addressed as part of various other activities of the Programme on Space Applications. Building on these experiences, the Office for Outer Space Affairs is now considering the launch of a new initiative, preliminarily titled the United Nations Basic Space Technology Initiative (UNBSTI), to promote basic space technology development. The initiative would be implemented in the framework of the Programme on Space Applications and its aim would be to help building sustainable capacities for basic space technology education and development, thereby advancing the operational use of space technology and its applications.     

空间核动力源的安全性研究进展

同位素热/电源以及空间核反应堆在深空探测任务中有重要应用。通过调研其技术特点以及国际上针对核能空间应用安全性的相关规范,研究了其空间安全性规范的法律法规。以ALRH(Apollo Lunar Radiosotope Heater,阿波罗月球任务同位素热源)、GPHS(General Purpose Heater Source,通用型热源)、LWRHU(Lighted Weighted Radiosotope Heater Unit,轻量放射性同位素热源)、MMRTG(Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator,多任务型放射性同位素电源)等同位素热/电源及俄罗斯热离子空间反应堆电源(TOPAZ-II型号)为例,结合美俄开展的同位素热/电源的系列安全性试验,重点关注了不同型号的试验及分析技术细节,并分析了同位素热/电源的空间应用安全评价方法,可为开展相关研发提供技术参考。     

未来空间站系统中的空间系绳

在未来空间站系统中,空间系绳将起重要而独特的作用。系绳技术是发展空间运输、空间研究与空间应用的一项关键技术。     

金刚石膜在宇航应用中的新进展

金刚石膜的研究已进入了以应用为主的阶段。介绍了金刚石膜的最新发展水平；概括了它们的空间光学摩擦润滑，空间电子装置的热管理和环境探测方面的一些应用；指出了金刚石膜航天工业中的重要性，它们的相互促进关系和发展前景。     

Latin American space activities based on different infrastructures

The paper deals with recent basic space research and space applications in several Latin-American countries. It links space activities with national scientific and institutional infrastructures and stresses the importance of interdisciplinary space programs, that can play a major role in the developing countries achievement of self reliance in space matters.     

The casting and mechanism of formation of semi-permeable polymer membranes in a microgravity environment

The National Electric Company of Venezuela, C.A.D.A.F.E., is sponsoring the development of this experiment which represents Venezuela's first scientific experiment in space.The apparatus for the automatic casting of polymer thin films will be contained in NASA's payload No. G-559 of the Get Away Special program for a future orbital space flight in the U.S. Space Shuttle.Semi-permeable polymer membranes have important applications in a variety of fields, such as medecine, energy, and pharmaceuticals, and in general fluid separation processes such as reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, and electro-dialysis.The casting of semi-permeable membranes in space will help to identify the roles of convection in determining the strucutre of these membranes.     

Progress in space weather predictions and applications

The methods of today’s predictions of space weather and effects are so much more advanced and yesterday’s statistical methods are now replaced by integrated knowledge-based neuro-computing models and MHD methods. Within the ESA Space Weather Programme Study a real-time forecast service has been developed for space weather and effects. This prototype is now being implemented for specific users. Today’s applications are not only so many more but also so much more advanced and user-oriented. A scientist needs real-time predictions of a global index as input for an MHD model calculating the radiation dose for EVAs. A power company system operator needs a prediction of the local value of a geomagnetically induced current. A science tourist needs to know whether or not aurora will occur. Soon we might even be able to predict the tropospheric climate changes and weather caused by the space weather.     

Design concept for a small,helium cooled,high-resolution interferometer for limb emission measurement

A Helium cooled two-beam interferometer for measuring atmospheric emission spectra between 5 μm and 15 μm with a spectral resolution of 0.1 cm^?1 has been designed. The unconventional arrangement of the interferometer optics results in very low heat generation by the mirror drive, high reliability under cryogenic conditions and suitable size and weight for space applications.     

Development of x-ray mirrors for high-energy astrophysics in czechoslovakia

The grazing incidence X-ray mirrors with diameters between 20 and 240 mm were produced by two different replica techniques. Five mirrors were flown in space experiments. It has been confirmed that the galvanoplastic replica mirrors are well suited for applications in space telescopes and laboratory microscopes.     

ESA部长级会议确定未来发展方向和投资水平

2022年11月22?23日，欧洲空间局（ESA）成员国部长级会议在法国巴黎召开，决定共同投资约169亿欧元开展各项空间活动和计划，相比2019年部长级会议，投资额大幅增长17%。ESA将通过在对地观测、科学计划、载人和无人探索、通信与综合应用、导航、空间安全、空间运输、技术等重点领域的投资，加强其在空间领域的自主性、领先地位和可持续发展能力。      

National Report on Space Medicine Progress

The development of Chinese manned space engineering has a great role in promoting the progress of Chinese space medicine. With the accelerated implementation of Chinese Space Station Program, China's space medicine has made fruitful achievements over the past three years. This report summarizes the major progress of Chinese space medicine in terms of basic research and space applications from 2016 to 2018.      

一种Linux用户空间下的快速伪随机数生成算法

随机数发生器是网络安全应用中的重要组成部分,对于构造加密算法的密钥具有重要作用.Linux操作系统提供了内核级随机数发生器,但因其随机数产生效率较低而不宜将其应用于密钥变换频繁的网络安全应用.给出了一个快速伪随机数生成算法.算法以64 bit硬件高频计数器作为随机数源.算法将计数器的低32 bit放入集合中,然后通过SHA(Security Hash Algorithm)算法对集合进行处理,并采用集合的前16 byte作为随机数输出.采用非参数检验方法检验算法产生的随机数质量,测试结果表明算法产生的随机数具有较高的安全性.同时由于算法运行在用户空间,比Linux的内核级随机数发生器具有较高的随机数生成效率.