激光测距通信一体化技术研究及深空应用探索

概述了空间激光测距通信一体化技术的研究现状,提出了一种激光精密测距与高速通信一体化技术,基于双向单程测距原理,在BPSK外差相干激光通信的基础上,采用码元相位测量实现了激光测距与通信一体化设计,并完成了地面实验验证。实验结果表明：在通信码速率1 Gbit/s的情况下,其测距精度优于0.9 mm,并分析了参考时钟频差对测距精度的影响。最后对激光测距通信一体化技术在未来深空探测中的应用进行了探索研究。     

基于光外差法的宽带示波器滤波器频响测试技术研究CSCD

分析了光外差测试频响的原理,提出了采用光外差法测试宽带示波器滤波器频响的方案,分析了偏振态和波长稳定性对于测试结果的影响。实验结果表明,光外差法测试宽带示波器光电模块频响方案可行,9.953Gbps滤波器下测试,3d B带宽频率处频响重复性小于0.1d B。     

激光外差干涉信号处理技术的研究

介绍了两种激光外差干涉信号的处理方法锁相频率解调法及组合频率解调法。此方法适用于需要实时反馈控制以及定位曝光等场合。用此方法,可以使干涉仪的测量分辨力分别达到３ｎｍ和０．５ｎｍ,干涉仪测量棱镜的允许运动速度达到３ｍｍ／ｓ。     

影响激光外差高精度计量的几个关键因素

共光路外差干涉仪具有很高的分辨率,但因为安装、调试误差会产生非线性误差,影响系统的测量精度.所以着重分析了影响激光外差计量精度的4个关键因素,即频率混叠、不同被测金属的相位跳变、被测表面的倾斜及物镜的数值孔径;利用激光外差及矢量分析理论,深入研究了频率混叠误差和相位跳变误差的成因、变化规律,并讨论了提高测量系统精度的有效措施.对正确设计和调试激光外差测试系统、提高测量系统精度具有重要意义.     

用于深空探测的400 MHz带宽Chirp变换谱分析仪的设计与实现

Chirp变换频谱仪（CTS）具有低功耗、高稳定性等优点,在深空探测领域中具有独特的优势。罗塞塔（Rosetta）彗星探测器搭载的180 MHz带宽Chirp变换频谱分析仪,是迄今为止唯一成功完成空间任务的后端外差式实时频谱分析仪。基于Chirp变换谱分析的原理,设计构建了数字展宽线技术与声表面波压缩线技术相结合的400 MHz带宽Chirp变换谱分析仪。完成了数字展宽线与模拟声表面波压缩线的优化匹配设计,使系统的分辨率达到了理论值100 kHz。进一步采用调频信号和多频率点信号对CTS系统进行了测试验证。      

基于光外差的光电探测器绝对频响测试技术研究

本文介绍了一种基于光外差的光电探测器绝对频响测试方法,通过对绝对频响的数学理论推导,得出光电探测器频响参数的计算公式;设计并研制了一套光外差测试系统,实现波长在1550nm对响应带宽高达67GHz的光电探测器频响测试;通过与高精度光波元件分析仪比对测试,验证了系统的准确性和可靠性,系统最大偏差不大于0.8dB,测量重复...     

外差干涉测量系统的标定

对纳米级测量系统进行标定是一个难题。结合某一外差干涉测量系统，提出了一个对测量系统的分辨力、输入输出特性进行标定的简单易行的方法。     

高速光电探测器频率响应测试方法研究

主要分析了常见的几种光电探测器频率响应测试方法的优缺点,并提出了一种改进的光外差干涉方法,可以对带宽达50 GHz的高速光电探测器的频率响应进行准确测量。     

FIRST — Far Infrared and Submillimetre Space Telescope

The present status of the ESA cornerstone mission FIRST is presented. A recent industrial study has generated a spacecraft concept employing a 4.5 m passively cooled telescope with focal plane instrument cooling provided by a superfluid helium cryostat. The model payload complement includes two direct detection instruments as well as two heterodyne instruments. After a shared launch by Ariane 5 into GTO, FIRST propels itself into the 24-hour highly eccentric operational orbit, where observations can be conducted up to 17 hours per day with an expected approximate mission duration of 3 years. An additional complementary study of a non-cryostat spacecraft option will also be performed.     

空间积分声光相关器

论述空间积分声光相关器的系统设计，给出了单器件和双器件声光信号处理器的光学系统，提出了两种新型的外差检测方法，并推志了处理器输出的数学模型，利用这两种检测方法分别对１３位巴克码ＢＰＳＫ（二进制相移键控）信号进行了相关检测，得出了与理论分析相一致的实验结果。     

8mm波段二维综合孔径微波辐射计(BHU-2D)

介绍了二维综合孔径微波辐射计BHU-2D成像原理、系统构成及性能指标、校正方法、部分成像实验及其成像结果.BHU-2D工作在8mm波段,共有10个接收单元,天线阵列为T形结构,接收机为二次变频超外差结构,I/Q解调及相关运算采用了数字方式并通过软件实现,采用点辐射源校正方法及背景对消反演算法校正系统通道间不一致、相关偏置及混叠误差.目前,BHU-2D已经研制完成,并进行了系统测试及成像实验,得到了室内人工场景及人物场景的辐射亮温分布图像.     

Ground-based millimeter-wave observations of water vapor emission (183 GHz) at Atacama,Chile

We report the first results of ground-based millimeter-wave measurements of 183 GHz atmospheric water vapor spectra from Atacama highland (4800 m alt.), Chile. The measurements were carried out in December 2005 by using a spectroscopic radiometer equipped with a superconductive heterodyne receiver. A conspicuous H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz was detected with an integration time of only 1.5 min, and this is the first high frequency-resolution H₂O spectrum at 183 GHz obtained in the southern subtropical region. The vertical profile of H₂O volume mixing ratio between 40 and 64 km were retrieved from the spectrum by using the modified optimal estimation method.     

基于近场散射的颗粒粒径分布测量

针对传统的前向小角散射粒径测量系统中心光过强、杂散光干扰、散射角过小等缺点,本文采用一种新型的近场散射(NFS)方法测量前向小角散射光,研究并搭建了基于近场散射的颗粒粒径测量系统,将最大散射角提高到40.5°;在无需空白测量的情况下采用差分方法对透射光和散射光干涉成的散斑图像进行处理,有效去除中心光和杂散光的影响;对差分散斑图像进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)频谱处理得到散射光强分布,利用Chahine算法对颗粒粒径进行了反演。最后,利用已知粒径(39.2μm和67.3μm)的标准颗粒对测量系统的准确性进行了单峰分布的验证,测量误差在5%之内;对于粒径为39.2μm和67.3μm的混合颗粒进行了双峰分布验证,在43.3μm和74.1μm处出现峰值,测量误差在10%左右。     

基于伪随机码相位调制和外差探测的高精度激光测速测距系统研究

为在远距离范围内实现高精度的激光测速测距，提出了一种联合利用伪随机码相位调制和外差探测技术的激光测速测距方法，并搭建了实验验证平台。当激光出射功率为2mW、参考光功率为117 、调制速率为100MHz、单周期内伪随机码序列长度为81.9 时，该系统在对位于约8 m处、径向速度约为1.4 m/s的目标进行测试时，可以实现0.138m的测距精度，以及4.16cm/s 的测速精度。实验结果证实，该套系统可实现高精度的径向速度和距离测量，且系统工作状态为长脉宽低峰值功率，为远距离的激光测速测距系统设计开辟了一条新途径。     

Advances in Research and Service of Space Environment in China

This paper presents the recent progress of space environment research and service in China.During the past two years,many models of space environment forecast and analysis methods of space environment effects have been developed for tailored space environment service for Chinese space mission.A new Re-locatable Atmospheric Observatory(RAO)for monitoring atmospheric wind,temperature,density and pressure of the near space from 20 km up to 120 km altitudes is being constructed.In space environment service space environment safety was provided to ensure the safety of CE-1 for its launch and operation in 2007.      

空间科学实验地面支持系统平台

相对于其他空间任务, 空间科学实验具有用户分散、实验进程控制 (遥科学实验)要求实时或准实时、多种类型空间科学数据处理要求等特点. 针对空间科学实验的特点和对地面支持系统的要求, 结合实践八号卫星(SJ-8)、探测双星(TC-1, TC-2) 和神舟系列飞船(SZ) 的空间科学实验地面支持系统的任务完成情况, 以及未来空间科学实验任务的需求, 提出了地面支持系统平台的构架设想. 该系统平台支持空间科学实验的状态监视与控制, 支持遥科学实验, 能够支持空间科学实验数据标准产品的定制处理, 满足空间科学实验多任务的要求, 具有通用性和可扩展性.      

Processing of nutritious, safe and acceptable foods from CELSS candidate crops.

A controlled ecological life-support system (CELSS) is required to sustain life for long-duration space missions. The challenge is preparing a wide variety of tasty, familiar, and nutritious foods from CELSS candidate crops under space environmental conditions. Conventional food processing technologies will have to be modified to adapt to the space environment. Extrusion is one of the processes being examined as a means of converting raw plant biomass into familiar foods. A nutrition-improved pasta has been developed using cowpea as a replacement for a portion of the durum semolina. A freeze-drying system that simulates the space conditions has also been developed. Other technologies that would fulfill the requirements of a CELSS will also be addressed.     

2000年前我国空间材料科学试验设想

讨论空间环境对材料制备的影响;提出空间材料研究的四个发展阶段和各国空间材料制备现今处在研究发展阶段的观点;分析我国空间材料研究的状况、任务及试验的可能途径;叙述空间材料科学研究的内容;对2000年前我国空间材料试验提出初步设想。     

Collisions in space: A retrospective overview of ISAS studies

A chronological review of studies in ISAS concerning collisions in space is presented. The collision probability in space with artificial orbiting bodies was estimated, and a Space Traffic Control System was proposed, in 1971. The design of a space station for safety against collision hazards was discussed in 1972. A trajectory optimization technique for low-thrust multiple rendezvous mission in order ti sweep space debris around the earth was developed in 1977. In 1984, the collision probability was reestimated using space bedris data accumulated for more than a decade. Several experimental projects in ISAS, such as hypervelocity impact experiments using a railgun system, sampling and measuring of alumina particles in exhaust plume of solid-propellant propellant rocket motors, and a result of analysis on the behavior of such alumina particles in orbit are also introduced.     

InfraRed Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry (IRASSI): Overview and study results

The far-infrared (FIR) regime is one of the few wavelength ranges where no astronomical data with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution exist yet. Neither of the medium-term satellite projects like SPICA, Millimetron or OST will resolve this malady. For many research areas, however, information at high spatial and spectral resolution in the FIR, taken from atomic fine-structure lines, from highly excited carbon monoxide (CO) and especially from water lines would open the door for transformative science. These demands call for interferometric concepts. We present here first results of our feasibility study IRASSI (Infrared Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry) for an FIR space interferometer. Extending on the principal concept of the previous study ESPRIT, it features heterodyne interferometry within a swarm of five satellite elements. The satellites can drift in and out within a range of several hundred meters, thereby achieving spatial resolutions of <0.1 arcsec over the whole wavelength range of 1–6 THz. Precise knowledge on the baselines will be ensured by metrology methods employing laser-based optical frequency combs, for which preliminary ground-based tests have been designed by members of our study team. We first give a motivation on how the science requirements translate into operational and design parameters for IRASSI. Our consortium has put much emphasis on the navigational aspects of such a free-flying swarm of satellites operating in relatively close vicinity. We hence present work on the formation geometry, the relative dynamics of the swarm, and aspects of our investigation towards attitude estimation. Furthermore, we discuss issues regarding the real-time capability of the autonomous relative positioning system, which is an important aspect for IRASSI where, due to the large raw data rates expected, the interferometric correlation has to be done onboard, in quasi-real-time. We also address questions regarding the spacecraft architecture and how a first thermomechanical model is used to study the effect of thermal perturbations on the spacecraft. This will have implications for the necessary internal calibration of the local tie between the laser metrology and the phase centres of the science signals and will ultimately affect the accuracy of the baseline estimations.