The first decade of regular observation of land transformation from space

Data for all of the landmass of Canada has been received and archived since the launch of LANDSAT-1 in July 1972. This data has been used in a number of mapping and monitoring programs such as: revising topographic maps, mapping forest fire burns, mapping the variability of water levels in shallow prairie lakes and sloughs, evaluating rangeland conditions, mapping sedimentation levels due to natural phenomena or human activities, monitoring the environmental effects of major hydro electric projects.     

基于LabVIEW的陀螺平台测试系统设计与实现

陀螺平台的测量与控制是现代工业生产和试验过程中经常遇到的问题。针对传统陀螺平台测试系统的一些不足,研制了一种基于LabVIEW的陀螺平台测试系统。该系统以PXI总线型计算机为控制核心,综合运用了数据采集和转换技术,多种信号综合变换处理,实现了测试系统智能化,测试项目和指标满足陀螺平台的测试要求。     

美国高轨天基态势感知技术发展与启示

太空是国家新边疆,太空活动是国家意志和战略意图的重要体现,是国家利益拓展的重要保障,太空安全已成为国家安全的重要组成部分.经略太空感知先行,空间态势感知是指获取和认知空间态势信息,包括空间 目标监视和空间环境监测,是进一步开展空间操控和空间对抗的基础.本文首先梳理了美国空间态势感知领域相关条令的发展历程,介绍了美国高轨...     

Analysis of the dynamic behavior of structures using the high-rate GNSS-PPP method combined with a wavelet-neural model: Numerical simulation and experimental tests

Recently, the high rate global navigation satellite system-precise point positioning (GNSS-PPP) technique has been used to detect the dynamic behavior of structures. This study aimed to increase the accuracy of the extraction oscillation properties of structural movements based on the high-rate (10?Hz) GNSS-PPP monitoring technique. A developmental model based on the combination of wavelet package transformation (WPT) de-noising and neural network prediction (NN) was proposed to improve the dynamic behavior of structures for GNSS-PPP method. A complicated numerical simulation involving highly noisy data and 13 experimental cases with different loads were utilized to confirm the efficiency of the proposed model design and the monitoring technique in detecting the dynamic behavior of structures. The results revealed that, when combined with the proposed model, GNSS-PPP method can be used to accurately detect the dynamic behavior of engineering structures as an alternative to relative GNSS method.     

Progress of Space Medicine Research in China

With the approaching of the Chinese Space Station (CSS) era, the focus of space medicine applications and related research has shifted to addressing the astronauts' health support in long-duration spaceflights, including nutrition, countermeasure against the physiological effects of weightlessness, medical monitoring and support, psychology status, etc., and accordingly the human experiments to simulate long-duration weightlessness have been carried out. Increasingly, basic research has been put forward in the key areas, such as space bone loss, cardiovascular dysfunction and the molecular mechanisms underlying radiobiological effects. Moreover, specific novel research fields, such as hypometabolism technology, were explored. The research projects in the field of space medicine experiment, as an important aspect of the Chinese Space Station's application, have been officially approved and launched.      

Selected examples of profitable applications of remote sensing for resources inventories and monitoring

The Remote Sensing Centre of the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in Warsaw has been operating since 1976. It has multi-disciplinary character; carries out scientific research, elaborates technologies of remote sensing investigations, applies remote sensing methods for solving various practical problems, coordinates national activities in this field, developes and disseminates remote sensing knowledge at both national and international levels offering various types of specialized training.The authors discuss the role of remote sensing investigations in the process of development planning. Examples of projects executed at the Remote Sensing Centre and concerning topographic and land use mapping, geological investigations, agricultural crop area determination, forest research, environmental monitoring and studies of climatic conditions in urban environment are described and extensively discussed in the paper. The authors emphasize these areas of the application of remote sensing and these interpretation techniques which are of potential interest for the developing countries.     

Satellite data as a basis for planning studies of infrastructure and related rural development in Atacora Province,Benin, West Africa

Landsat satellite data has been used to provide information for integrated land resources, agriculture and rural access road planning in Atacora Province, Benin, to ensure that correct decisions are made on the location of feeder roads and best use is made of the terrain. A significant aspect of the interpretation programme involved using a method of terrain evaluation and land classification to provide a framework for planning and assessing all subsequent development projects and highway engineering activities within the Province. Use of this terrain classification, in conjunction with further sequential satellite coverage, is considered as a basis for monitoring and subsequently analysing the rleationship between feeder road construction and induced benefits within the rural agricultural development sector, and for the establishment of a system of data storage. The value of a data storage system is evaluated as a means of preventing wasteful repetition of survey effort and facilitating the transfer of relevant data on rural development to similar areas within Benin and throughout West Africa.     

Space Solar Physics in China

The activities of Chinese space solar physics in 2016-2018 can be divided into two categories:prestudy projects and mission-level projects. Both projects were undertaken smoothly. Especially the ASO-S, after several years' promotion, finally got formal approval at the end of 2017. This paper describes in brief the status of all related projects.      

非稳态及多约束下多层级系统器材配置优化方法

针对非稳态及多约束下多层级系统器材配置问题进行了研究。首先,以索马里护航器材利用率非常低为研究背景,给出了基地和中心仓库备件需求率求解方法;其次,运用边际效应法、拉格朗日乘子法求出了3个约束条件的因子值;再次,按是否进行串件拼修或横向供应2种情况,建立了多层级系统器材配置的4个方案;最后,通过案例对比分析了4个方案,可为决策者制定编队平时和战时器材配置方案提供有效的参考依据。     

Balloon research and cooperative programmes

Scientific ballooning as well as the use of balloons for operational projects, deserves and indeed enjoys a high degree of attention in developing countries. Balloon projects are in most cases relatively inexpensive and - besides the scientific merits in their own realm - lend themselves also as “training” projects for larger space programmes. An important aspect of scientific ballooning is the necessity of cooperation, in many cases on an international scale. Examples for these are given and the relevance of balloon projects for developing countries are discussed.     

航天测绘发展现状与展望

航天测绘是全球基础测绘的主要手段,包括卫星地形测量、卫星重力测量、卫星磁力测量、卫星测高、卫星海洋测量等。航天测绘工程的发展经历了“返回型测绘卫星”工程、“传输型测绘卫星”工程和部分“集成型测绘卫星”工程。首先梳理了国际卫星测量的发展历史和现状,阐述了我国航天测绘各个阶段所发挥的作用,并分析了存在的问题,最后对航天测绘的未来发展提出了思路。     

适合多种机床结构的数控系统5坐标变换库

研究了适合多种结构布局形式的统一坐标变换方法,开发出数控系统5坐标变换函数库,并作为坐标变换控制模块集成到数控系统中.分析了5坐标数控机床运动学模型,归纳出12种5坐标数控机床结构布局,并推导了对应的坐标变换数学算法.通过结构分析和数学变换将12种算法扩展归纳到3类基础算法,并基于3类基础算法开发出适合多种机床结构布局的5坐标变换库.利用机床三维仿真系统验证了5坐标变换库的可行性,并将该坐标变换库集成到北京航空航天大学开发的CH-2010开放式数控系统中.     

高新工程项目研制过程中的最优评审点设计

高新工程研制过程普遍采用了并行工程的方法,虽然大幅度地缩短了工期,但是其风险较高.通过分析并行工程实施风险产生的原因,构建了并行工程实施过程的一般风险模型,指出最优决策点位于"时间-风险"关系曲线与"风险-技术成熟度"关系曲线的交汇点,给出了高新工程项目研制过程中的风险分类.提出设置有效的评审点是降低实施并行工程总体风险的可行方法,并设计了最优评审点的确定方法,利用技术风险因子、进度风险因子和并行风险因子求出各项任务风险大小,再加和求出项目整体风险.通过实例说明了评审点的最优设计可以有效降低项目的整体风险.     

航空发动机研发能力建设项目后评价指标体系

针对航空发动机研发能力建设项目的具体特点并基于一个两阶段的过程,建立了一套航空发动机研发能力建设项目后评价指标体系.通过对一般项目后评价指标体系的分析以及专家访谈建立一个初选的后评价指标体系;在此基础上,以指标精炼性、数据可获得性和实践可行性为原则,对初选指标进行优选.优选过程中,采用基于李克特量表的专家调查法获得专家评分,随后通过群组决策最大特征根法对初选指标体系进行初步筛选,并进一步根据统计学方法进行评价指标相关性分析筛选和评价指标鉴别能力筛选,从而确定最终指标.     

产品概念设计方案的评价方法

概念设计方案的评价方法是设计过程可接受性决策的重要依据.利用模糊数学的理论与方法把各种模糊信息数值化以对概念产品方案进行定量评价,通过建立设计方案评价体系及不同评价指标隶属度、考虑不同指标权重的方法,给出了产品概念设计方案的综合模糊评价方法,从而为产品概念设计提供一种形式化的、科学化的推理决策依据,同时也为产品设计过程自动化打下良好基础.     

Advances of Microgravity Sciences

Advances of microgravity sciences in China are introduced. The research works include ground-based study and space experiments. In the recent years, the main means still are theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, ground-based experiment, and short-time microgravity experiments of drop tower. Besides, many space experiment projects are arranged. SJ-10 recoverable satellite will carry out 19 scientific experiment projects. Nine of them are for microgravity Sciences. The other ways for space microgravity experiment are with the help of Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft, Chinese Tiangong space laboratory, and Chinese space station in the near future. The Chinese space station will become main platform of Chinese microgravity sciences experiment in space.      

Evaluation Method for Projects of Product Conceptual Design

概念设计方案的评价方法是设计过程可接受性决策的重要依据 .利用模糊数学的理论与方法把各种模糊信息数值化以对概念产品方案进行定量评价 ,通过建立设计方案评价体系及不同评价指标隶属度、考虑不同指标权重的方法 ,给出了产品概念设计方案的综合模糊评价方法 ,从而为产品概念设计提供一种形式化的、科学化的推理决策依据 ,同时也为产品设计过程自动化打下良好基础     

有限长Ramanujan-Fourier快速变换及频率估计

近来出现的Ramnujan-Fourier变换(RFT,Ramanujan Fourier Transformation)是以"Ramanujan和"为基向量的算术变换,该变换可提供分数频率分辨力.首先分析了有限长Ramanujan频谱特点,给出了基向量分布情况,推导了该变换的快速算法,比较了有限长RFT与快速傅里叶变换的乘法计算量;其次,给出了利用RFT的递归峰值检测频率估计算法,并分析了RFT的频率分辨率和适用特点,在非高斯噪声条件下,仿真比较了RFT与傅里叶变换对信号进行频率估计的性能,得到在信噪比为-20 dB的非高斯噪声情况下,频率估计的归一化均方误差可以达到 10-3.      

Space Life Science of China

In the past two years, China's space life science has made great progress. Space biomedical and life science programs have carried out ground-based research for the first batch of projects, and are preparing to carry out space-based experiments along with the construction of China's space station. And space life science payload of the space station completed the development of positive samples. Thus, with the development of lunar exploration and Mars exploration projects, astrobiology research has also made a lot of basic achievements. On the basis of summarizing the development of space life science in China, this paper mainly introduces the important progress of payload technology and life science research.      

Space Solar Physics in China

The activities of Chinese space solar physics in 2018-2020 are going on smoothly. Besides the missions of ASO-S and CHASE which are in the engineering phases, there are quite a number of projects which are in the pre-study stage (conception study) or have finished the pre-study stage, constituting a rich pond for the selection of next solar mission(s). This paper describes in brief the status of all these related projects.