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对超高温热化学烧蚀的计算方法进行了研究,对碳基复合材料在不同环境下热化学烧蚀过程进行了数值模拟,对烧蚀产物进行了计算.计算表明,碳基复合材料在烧蚀过程中依次出现氧化、升华过程.10atm下,氧化、升华过程交替温度为330K.压力升高,交替温度也依次升高.氧化产物为CO,而升华产物依次为C3、C1.在3300K以下,烧蚀主反应为2C O2→2CO.在3300K以上,烧蚀主反应为:2C O2→2CO,2C N2→2CN,i(C)→Ci(g)i=1,3.并用哈尔滨工业大学研制的"星形"等离子发生器及国产的等离子体火炬进行了碳基复合材料烧蚀实验.实验光谱检测结果与超高温热化学烧蚀计算的烧蚀产物一致,验证了超高温热化学烧蚀计算的正确性. 相似文献
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耦合求解热化学非平衡流控制方程和烧蚀壁面边界条件,进行存在石墨烧蚀的压缩拐角流场数值模拟。流场化学反应采用16组元(N2,O 2,NO,N,O,NO +,N+2,O +,N+,CO,CO 2,C,C2,C3,CN,e-)29个反应的非平衡模型,热力非平衡的双温度模型下,不同反应采用不同控制温度。石墨材料表面反应包括碳的氧化反应、碳催化的O 原子复合反应和碳的升华反应。对15°、18°、24°压缩拐角模型,在自由流 Ma =10~30,总焓值6~55 MJ/kg 范围,分别进行无烧蚀的壁面催化与非催化条件和石墨烧蚀条件下的流场计算,分析各类条件下的流场结构、流动分离特性以及流场热化学参数分布特点,研究壁面条件对流动特性的影响。结果表明:流动分离可能性和分离区范围随着压缩拐角斜面倾角增大而增大,随来流马赫数增大而减小;相对于低壁温条件,无烧蚀的辐射平衡壁温和壁面烧蚀条件下流动分离区增大,斜面上压力、摩阻和热流峰值点也有所后移。 相似文献
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针对三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)类绝热材料热载荷作用下的热解炭化过程,基于热解动力学和多孔介质传质传热理论,建立了芳纶/EPDM绝热材料热物性参数随温度和时间变化的变热物性模型,并通过与实验的对比,验证了模型的准确性与可靠性。随后对热载荷作用下的烧蚀热响应开展了数值计算,结果表明:热载荷作用初期,材料表面升温迅速,随着能量不断传递,温度推进速率明显降低,炭化层厚度增长减慢,部分材料仍为原始状态;温度对热解反应速率的影响呈指数级,距表面越近反应速率越快,反之则慢。所提出的变热物性模型对绝热材料的烧蚀研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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针对高超声速飞行器的烧蚀现象,采用Newton迭代的空间推进方法,数值求解化学非平衡的抛物化Navier-Stokes(PNS)方程.以黏胶基碳布-氨酚醛树脂为烧蚀材料,建立了含碱金属杂质的18组分33反应的化学反应模型,计算了小钝锥体的壁面温度,并和现有文献结果进行对比验证.在此基础上,对含碱金属杂质的高超声速烧蚀流场进行了模拟,深入分析了含碱金属杂质的烧蚀反应对流场温度、压力和电子数密度的影响.结果表明:烧蚀反应使得流场温度较非烧蚀情况增加了10%~15%;考虑碱金属杂质Na后,流场电子数密度增大了1~2个数量级. 相似文献
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摘 要:为探究预混气组分对不同反应路径下NOx生成影响,针对高压射流反应器,基于CFD流场特征等,构建优化了单PSR、2PSR、3PSR以及PSR+PFR四种化学反应器网络模型。在贫预混燃烧条件下,研究了纯CH4及其混合气燃烧时不同反应路径下NOx的生成情况,得出了燃烧室内不同反应区域每条反应路径NOx的生成量。结果表明,纯CH4燃烧产生的NOx主要来自于热力型、快速型和N2O-中间体型三条反应路径。绝热火焰温度的提高主要促进了热力型和N2O-中间体型NOx的生成。随着CH4或CO中加入H2摩尔分数的增加,NOx排放总量降低,快速型NOx生成速率降低,特别是火焰刷区域的。另外,混合气中CO摩尔分数的增加会导致NOx生成量增多。 相似文献
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有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。 相似文献
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LUO Cheng LIU Hua YANG Jia-ling LIU Kai-xin 《中国航空学报》2007,20(3):230-235
Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks. 相似文献
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波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面:电子化(e-Enabled)运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境(GCE)。 相似文献
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The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation. 相似文献
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临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控(TT&;C)与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联(ITU)国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比(SNR)、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。 相似文献
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基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。 相似文献
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Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
NING Guo-dong ZHANG Shu-guang FANG Zhen-ping 《中国航空学报》2007,20(1):1-8
A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method. 相似文献
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Wu Xianyu Li Xiaoshan Ding Meng Liu Weidong Wang Zhenguo 《中国航空学报》2007,20(6):488-494
In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances. 相似文献
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(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。 相似文献