二维多段翼型网格生成与数值模拟研究

为提高多段翼型的网格生成效率和数值模拟精度,发展了一套自适应混合笛卡尔网格(AHCG)生成方法和基于有限体积方法的雷诺数平均Navier-Stokes (RANS)的数值求解技术.混合笛卡尔网格由围绕物体几何外形的贴体结构网格和填充流场其他区域的笛卡尔网格构成,两套网格之间的信息传递由“贡献单元”提供,且“贡献单元”由基于ADT(Alternating digital tree)技术的搜寻方法获得.为更准确地捕捉流场信息,采用了基于流场特征的网格自适应技术.数值模拟结果显示,AHCG方法能够准确且高效地模拟高升力多段翼型绕流问题.     

考虑可压缩与热传导的壁面函数边界条件及其应用

考虑到可压缩和热传导效应的壁面函数边界条件,被耦合到了采用k-ω两方程湍流模型、用有限体积法求解N-S方程的程序中。壁面函数基于耦合的速度和温度型,并且在边界层内的粘性子区和对数区内一致有效。引入壁面函数边界条件后,通过算例验证在y <100的范围内,得到的物面压力、摩阻、热流与实验结果比较,结果可靠。而无壁面函数边界条件时,要得到相同精度的结果,要求y ≈1。壁面函数的引入,为工程上准确预测飞行器在湍流流动中表面受力与气动热提供了保障。     

基于四叉树网格下的浸入边界-格子Boltzmann方法

提出了一种基于非均匀四叉树网格下的浸入边界-格子Boltzmann方法.在不同层网格界面上,为了保证物理量的连续性,需要在时空方向上进行插值.由于四叉树同层网格在空间上步长相等、且相邻时间层上时间步长相等,所以在时空方向上采用平均值插值,这样做的优点是时空方向插值既可以达到二阶精度,又可以简化计算过程,节省资源,对任意边界加密下的网格,格子Boltzmann方法的实现比较容易.为了充分利用均匀笛卡尔网格的优势,物面边界的处理采用了速度修正法,与传统浸入边界-格子Boltzmann方法中的直接力法、动量交换法相比,无滑移边界条件得到了较好的保证.同时,把大涡模型加入到浸入边界-格子Boltzmann方法中,实现了在四叉树网格数据结构、边界处理技术、大涡模拟几种模型相结合下,绕障碍物的较大雷诺数流动的模拟.通过不可压缩粘性流中圆柱绕流算例验证,结果与其它方法结果吻合良好.     

自适应笛卡尔网格Ghost Cell方法研究

在笛卡尔网格中,利用Ghost Cell方法处理浸入边界,模拟二维无粘可压缩流。针对静止物体,比较了各种不同的Ghost Cell边界条件下的熵误差,总压误差,以及阻力系数。此外为提高激波分辨率,将Ghost Cell方法与基于叉树结构的自适应笛卡尔网格算法相结合,数值结果显示本文的方法是切实可行的。     

微可压缩模型(SCM)与可压缩N-S方程数值计算对比研究

本文开展了微可压缩模型与可压缩N-S方程之间的对比研究.通过对层流平板边界层和椭球高雷诺数湍流绕流的数值模拟,比较了微可压缩模型和可压缩N-S方程之间的计算精度和效率.计算结果表明,微可压缩模型和可压缩N-S方程具有相同的计算精度,但是微可压缩模型具有更高的计算效率,内存和CPU时间都节省20%左右.     

基于有限体积格式的自适应笛卡尔网格虚拟单元方法及其应用

基于自适应笛卡尔网格,结合虚拟单元方法处理浸入边界,发展了一种有限体积格式实现模式,数值模拟了二维无粘可压缩流动。本文发展的方法相对于传统的有限差分方法具有执行效率快,易于获得守恒性等优点。最后,利用一些标准算例和多物体流场的计算问题验证了算法的有效性。     

利用分区ALE算法数值模拟圆柱湍流涡致振动

用分区算法结合任意拉格朗日-欧拉法(ALE)数值模拟了圆柱湍流涡致振动.求解基于非交错网格系统,压力求解采用压力泊松方程提法,湍流模型采用标准k-ε模型和重整化群(RNG)k-ε模型.计算取中等雷诺数Re=5000、10000、15000、25000、50000等,质量系数M=10.阻尼系数ζ=0.00331,自振频率fn=0.18315、0.1628.计算结果表明:湍流涡致振动下圆柱时均阻力系数大于孤立圆柱绕流,而升力系数(振幅)值都小于孤立圆柱绕流.随着雷诺数增大,湍流粘性系数随之增大,但湍动能和湍流耗散率变化趋势不明显.对孤立圆柱绕流,研究结果与前人实验结果基本相符.     

桥梁断面静风荷载的格子Boltzmann方法数值计算

通过引入反映湍流涡粘性的湍流松弛,得到了模拟高雷诺数湍流的BGK方程.在速度相空间、物理空间和时间上对BGK方程进行离散得到了三维十九速离散速度模型;结合分区计算技术,设计了格子Boltzmann并行算法;根据亚格子Smagorinsky模型,提出了直接从粒子分布函数计算湍流松弛时间的方法.用开发的并行计算程序对分体双箱截面和闭口箱梁截面的静风荷载进行了数值识别,得到的静力三分力系数和流场压力分布与风洞试验结果及CFD宏观方法计算结果吻合,并从表面压力分布入手分析了两种桥梁截面的绕流特点.     

基于粘性笛卡尔网格的N-S方程计算

本文采用基于叉树数据结构的粘性笛卡尔网格求解N-S方程。为了使网格的分布更为合理,采用基于物体几何外形的方法对网格进行自适应加密。在物面处采用光顺、投影、分割加密的方法保证了物面处网格的正交性与贴体性,从而生成高质量粘性笛卡尔网格。将有限体积法应用于粘性笛卡尔网格求解N-S方程,采用了SA紊流模型。算例计算结果与实验数据符合良好。     

不可压缩实际粘性流体绕流孤立翼型的数值研究

本文提出了基于微分-积分方程组求解N-S方程的有限差分法求解不可压缩实际粘性流体绕孤立翼型流动。计算中采用了K-ε湍流模型结合考虑逆压梯度的壁面函数法,并导出任意非正交曲线坐标系下的压力修正方法和适用于大流通量的混合格式。分别计算了层流和湍流情况下带分离翼型绕流,与流动显示及实验数据比较表明,在预测分离点位置,翼型表面压力、平均速度分布、雷诺切应力uv方面,两者吻合,结果是满意的。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.