The Effects of Gaussian Interference on Communication Systemswith Adaptive Arrays

The performance of a bandlimited binary phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) communication system is examined when the received BPSK signal is corrupted by both thermal noise and a directional Gaussian noise interfering signal. The system uses an LMS adaptive array to suppress this interference. The effects of signal power levels, arrival angles, bandwidths, and the array bandwidth are examined. The performance of a system that uses tapped delay lines for the array weights is also examined. It is shown that the performance of a system with tapped delay lines is not affected by the interference bandwidth for a single interferer.     

Cancellation of specular and diffuse jammer multipath using ahybrid adaptive array

It has been demonstrated that specular or diffuse jammer multipath can be canceled to a desired level by using an adaptive array that combines bandwidth partitioning with tapped delay lines. Such hybrid systems are studied. In particular, the author studies an ideal two-element array that uses bandwidth partitioning in both the main and auxiliary channels, with an Mth-order adaptive finite impulse response filter in each subband of the auxiliary. The ability of this system to cancel specular moderately diffuse and diffuse multipath is studied. The combinations of bandwidth partitioning and filter order that can achieve a specified jammer cancellation level are discussed     

Electronically Variable Time-Delay Network for Broad-Band Phased-Array Steering

This paper describes an electronically variable time-elay network that has been developed specffically for time-delay steering of a phased-array antenna. The network consists of microwave dispersive delay lines and two broad-band mixers; its delay is a function of the mixers' local oscillator frequency. The particularly advantageous feature of this network is that its phase is invariant with delay. It can, therefore, be used on a subarray basis, and at IF, without affecting the phase progression across the array. Alternative techniques, such as electron-beam delay lines and digitally switched line lengths, require external phase correction. A breadboard model of the network has been built and tested. Low-loss folded-tape meader lines provide the dispersive delay. The center frequency of the model is 3 GHz; it handles an instantaneous bandwidth of 300 MHz. Delay variation of 25 ns is provided. The spurious responses of the network are 30 dB down.     

A flexible processor for a digital adaptive array radar

A digital beamforming processor for an adaptive array radar is described. The functionality and the architecture of the processor are strongly driven by a goal of achieving adaptive null depths in the 60-dB to 70-dB range, which necessitates substantial preprocessing of each channel. In particular, conversion to baseband quadrature channels is accomplished digitally using a single A/D converter per channel, and FIR (finite impulse response) equalizing filters are employed in each channel to match channel transfer functions. The processor is highly modular, and this not only distributes the total processing load, but also the I/O (input/output) bandwidth requirement. This is accomplished by distributing the adaptive beamforming algorithm systolically across a linear array of processing nodes. The processor is expandable to a different number of channels and sufficiently flexible to be applied to other problems of an array signal processing nature. Experimental data presented demonstrate that the processor is capable of supporting channel-to-channel cancellation of interfering signals to the level of -65 dB     

Simple Eigenvalue-Equalizing Preprocessor for Broadband Power Inversion Array

By expressing the input autocorrelation function in a power series of bandwidth, this paper derives a small bandwidth firstorder approximation for the covariance matrix of the broadband tapped delay line power inversion array. The structure of the associated eigenvalues is then deduced, giving (number of taps)/2 sets of eigenvalues, the eigenvalues in the ith set being proportional to (bandwidth)2(i-1). Thus a simple transformation preprocessor which depends only on the bandwidth, tap spacing, and number of taps is derived for eliminating the spread of eigenvalues due to the use of tapped delay line processing.     

A noise insensitive solution to an ambiguity problem in spectralestimation

The instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) receiver is capable of measuring the center frequency of single frequency pulses over a wide range (bandwidth) of center frequencies. Because of various constraints, the frequency resolution requirement results in long correlator delay times that reduce the single correlator bandwidth. A large bandwidth can be achieved only if two or more correlators are used. The problem of estimating frequency is then reduced to the simultaneous congruence problem of number theory. A design procedure is presented for solving the congruence problem for a given amount of noise protection, a stated frequency resolution, a minimum bandwidth, and a fixed level of precision (bits) in the IFM receiver     

Concatenated Sequences for Spread Spectrum Systems

Concatenated sequences are suggested and developed for use in spread spectrum (SS) systems. Special receiver realization is discussed and it is shown that the concatenated sequences offer great advantage in reducing the size of the matched filter correlators (MFC) in the SS receiver. Experimental systems have been built using concatenated sequences and their performance is reported here. It has been shown that a processing gain of 60 is obtainable with a 15 × 4 concatenated sequence which requires three tapped delay lines (TDL), two of length 15 and one of 4. Thus a total of only 34 delay units (with a nonlinear interface network, only 19 delay units) are required. Teleprinter signals can be transmitted over telephone channels using a bandwidth (BW) expansion of 60 with an input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of only -5.1 dB, resulting in a character- error-rate of 1 in 103. Techniques have been developed to reduce the sidelobe levels in the aperiodic autocorrelation functions (ACF) of the pseudonoise (PN) codes. For 15 length and 7 length PN sequences, sidelobes are reduced by 9 dB and 9.4 dB, respectively, using transversal filters. Application of the SS systems to the problem of multiaccessing and antijamming are discussed.     

Design of MTI Radar on the Basis of Detection Probability

A single (quadrature) channel moving target indicator (MTI) radar system employing a tapped delay line filter is analyzed. The point of view taken is that of optimal clutter rejection in conjunction with subsequent receiver decision operations. The random nature of the spread of target Doppler shifts is taken into account. Based on the above, a procedure is presented by means of which the detection probability can be numerically evaluated for an optimized filter frequency response.     

Distributive Demand-Assigned Packet Switching with Trailer Transmissions

In a packet satellite system using ALOHA type random access techniques, channels and on-board processing may be effectively used to provide significant gains in throughput, delay, and bandwidth efficiency. Motivated by this conjecture, a distributive demand-assigned packet broadcast system through a processing satellite with multiple request channels and user buffers is first presented. This scheme is shown to be able to achieve the above goals except, as any other demand type scheme, it also exhibits relatively poor delay performance at low traffic when compared with pure random access schemes. An extended scheme using trailer transmission to improve delay performance at low traffic is then introduced. Two techniques for handling trailer transmissions are studied and compared. Both are shown to provide lower packet delay at light trafric. lay at light traffic.     

Time jitter analysis for quadrature sampling

Time jitter in the quadrature sampling processes is modeled and the performance of an adaptive cancellation system in the presence of such time jitter is analyzed. It is shown that the decorrelation due to time jitter depends on the magnitude of the jitter, the sampling scheme used, the bandwidth of the signal and the intermediate frequency (IF) preceding the analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion stages. The performance of a sidelobe cancellation system in the presence of time jitter, for several sampling approaches, is evaluated numerically as well as simulated. The results show that the direct quadrature sampling scheme with a lower IF provides superior performance for an adaptive cancellation system     

A Novel Onboard-gateway-based Mechanism to Improve TCP Performance in Aeronautical Satellite Networks

The IP-based networks on aircraft serve to support Internet services via satellites. However, in aeronautical satellite hybrid net- works,the TCP protocol performance often deteriorates due to improper decreases and slow recovery of the congestion window. This paper proposes a window size determination and notification mechanism, onboard-gateway-based mechanism (OGBM), which is based on the onboard gateway in the networks on aircraft. A cross-layer approach is adopted by the onboard gateway to obtain the satellite link bandwidth information. And then, by the gateway, through changing the receiver’s advertised window field in ACK packets, TCP sources are notified of the window size of each TCP source calculated on the ground of bandwidth delay product and flow numbers. The mechanism is able to avoid improper changes of TCP window and serve multiple users. Simulation results show that the mechanism with the fairness index close to 1 improves TCP performance in aeronautical satellite networks.     

Wideband Interference Cancellation in Adaptive Sidelobe Cancellers

This paper presents numerical results from a study of sidelobe cancellers operating against wideband interfering signals. The study was designed to provide information that would be useful to system designers. Among other things, we address the question of whether it is best to enhance the bandwidth capability of the canceller by using tapped delay lines or simply by using more auxiliary elements. We also develop guidance rules to help the designer determine the number of adaptive loops required for a given environment.     

Delay Generated Offset: A Direction Sensitive Pulse-Coherent Doppler Detection Technique

An offset-frequency (heterodyne) direction sensitive coherentpulsed Doppler detection method requiring a single digitally synthesized phase-shiftable oscillator and a single mixer is described. Less stringent demands are imposed on hardware in obtaining offset-frequency stability and rejection of internally generated electrical clutter, as compared with the conventional offset method employing two oscillators. Simplification of hardware and postdetector signal processing as compared with the quadrature method (two parallel homodyne detectors) is anticipated. This technique has direct application in medical ultrasonics and is generally applicable to sonar and radar systems.     

Quadrature Sampling with High Dynamic Range

Many radio and sonar systems require signal outputs in complex low-pass form. To achieve this, it is possible to use uniform sampling of the bandpass signal, together with computation of the quadrature component by way of a Hilbert transform. The bandpass to low-pass translation is accomplished by undersampling. A hardware implementation is described which achieves 70 dB spurious-free dynamic range and a bandwidth of 30 kHz.     

Detecting the Presence of Target Multiplicity

A method is discussed for detecting the presence of multiple targets in the radar antenna beam. It is assumed that the targets are unresolvable in range, Doppler, and angle using conventional monopulse resolution techniques. The basic approach taken is a generalization of the "quadrature" method, with significantly enhanced performance in the case when multiple pulses are integrated into a single solution. Detection and false alarm probabilities are derived analytically and the receiver operating characteristics are graphed. This study was performed for application to angle processing in a frequency agile automatic tracking radar, but the underlying concept is general and has applications outside this area.     

Sampling Bandpass Signals

In a recent paper [1], Brown examined the sampling of a real finiteenergy bandpass signal having an (angular) bandwidth ? (in radians per second) at the theoretically minimum (average) rate of ?/? samples per second. Following Grace and Pitt's [2] quadrature sampling, a particular case of Kohlenberg's second-order sampling [3, 4], Brown has proved the feasibility of a separate interpolation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the signal when ?o = k?/2 (Brown's condition), where ?o is the center (angular) frequency of the signal and k is an arbitrary positive integer. Here the problem is reconsidered from a general point of view, introducing, under Brown's condition, an interpolation formula which includes that of Grace and Pitt and which extends a theorem of Populis [5-7]. We indicate the necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a separate interpolation, offering closed formulas to obtain the interpolation functions. We also discuss the minimum oversampling rate needed whenBrown's condition is not verified.     

民用飞机航电数据网络带宽资源分配优化设计

民用飞机航电数据网络在设计过程中,通过对带宽资源的合理分配,来满足网络成员系统的数据传输需求.而在设计过程中,存在因网络带宽需求分布的非均匀性等因素造成的局部带宽资源不足的问题,因此需要在初步带宽资源分配结果上进行局部优化设计.提出一种通过网络带宽资源使用率最高的链路和端系统进行识别,以及进行针对性物理链路连接关系调整...     

面向机载应用的领域专用加速器研究

机载环境下数据处理规模的剧增以及人机混合智能的应用使得传统的以CPU 为核心计算单元的架构 已不能满足计算需求。在满足延时、精度等指标的情况下,选用高能效的处理器或处理器组合来快速准确地处 理这些数据成为机载计算领域面临的重要问题。按照常规处理器、领域专用加速器两大类型对各自主要代表性 处理器的架构特点进行了分析和总结,得出了各类处理器在机载情况下的主要适用场景和应用情况。根据领域 专用的设计思想开发了面向数据关联应用的专用加速器,对数据关联算法中的统计距离计算和分簇处理这两个 计算瓶颈进行了定制化的加速设计,并在基于FPGA 的平台上进行了测试验证,结果表明,加速器对于统计距 离计算的加速效果约为FT2000/4 单核性能的10 倍,对于分簇处理的加速效果约为FT2000/4 单核性能的3 倍, 整体运算速度相比FT2000/4 处理器的单核提升了5 倍。     

Synchronization of QAM Signals in the Presence of ISI

A data-aided carrier reconstruction method is described for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) data communications over narrow-band transmission channels. Previous analyses of this problem have assumed an "infinite" bandwidth of the communication link, so that negligible intersymbol interference (ISI) resulted. On the contrary, when ISI takes place, a different structure must be used which operates on sampled data. The performance of this structure is expressed analytically as a function of 1) the statistics of the message symbols, 2) the characteristics of the channel, and 3) the parameters of the tracking system. Excellent agreement has been found between the theory and the results of a computer simulation.     

基于高速串行总线的电路交换开关模块的设计与实现

电路交换开关模块是新一代航空电子系统中实现数字信号并行处理的关键模块,为数字信号并行处理系统中的各个数据处理模块、信号处理模块提供高速数据传输与交换。从新一代航空电子系统并行处理的发展趋势及需求的角度出发,介绍了电路交换开关模块的设计和实现。电路交换开关模块采用M21131交叉开关构成交换结构,能够快速交换高速信号,支持重配置和重构,能够满足新一代航空电子系统中数字信号并行处理高速率、高可靠性和低延迟等需求。