运输机空投舱内压力动态变化数值模拟研究

运输机重装空投时,机舱横截面方向堵塞度较大,快速移动的空投物会造成舱内压力剧烈变化,甚至损害舱内乘员的身体健康,因此,有必要对运输机空投舱内压力的变化展开数值模拟研究。以运输机机舱内大型货箱在牵引伞拉力、重力、摩擦力以及气动力共同作用下 x 方向的变加速直线运动这一流固耦合问题为研究对象,基于运动嵌套重叠网格,对运输机重装空投前舱动态压力变化进行数值模拟,分析模型尺寸、来流速度、机舱堵塞度、投放位置等参数对舱内动态压力的影响规律,进而提出运输机重装空投风洞试验时与舱内压力相关的相似准则。结果表明：运输机执行重装空投任务时,空投物距离前舱位置越近,来流速度越大,堵塞度越大,空投时前舱动态压力变化越大,反之越小;风洞试验时,用空投前前舱压力值为参考量的舱内无量纲数是最准确、合适的舱内压力相似准则。     

地面效应下飞机空投阵风减缓LQR控制

针对运输机在超低空空投过程中容易受到大气环境干扰的问题,研究了在地面效应影响下对运输机超低空空投的建模改进,建立了基于小扰动运动模型的纵向状态空间方程。在此基础上,应用LQR控制方法结合遗传算法优化设计了干扰抑制控制器,使得空投过程具有良好的稳定性和操纵性。结果表明,遗传算法优化的LQR控制方法能够有效抑制阵风对运输机超低空空投过程的干扰,使飞控系统具有更好的稳定性。     

空降、空投飞行试验要求标准研究

分析了JSSG-2009《航空器子系统》的附录J和GJB 6854-2009《空降兵装备空投要求》等标准中的空降、空投要求,结合军用运输机空降系统、空投系统飞行试验现状,提出了空降、空投飞行试验标准的框架结构和主要标准要素的建议。     

运输机空投货物建模与任务性能影响因素研究

针对当前运输机空投货物模型可拓展性不强的问题,提出了分离体的建模方法。在无需分析货物与飞机整体质心变化的情况下,分别以货物和飞机为对象进行受力分析,推导了货物与飞机之间的相互作用力,建立了更加贴近实际的运输机单件货物空投和连续空投的动力学模型。最后,通过数值仿真,分析了飞行速度和牵引伞牵引比对空投任务性能的影响。结果表明,飞行速度和牵引比越大,飞机在货物干扰作用下的状态变化量越小。     

大气扰动下运输机空投过程建模与仿真分析

研究了三维空间风场下运输机空投货物舱内移动过程中的建模问题.基于矢量法,推导了扰动风影响下空投货物舱内移动飞行过程中六自由度动力学方程,给出了扰动风参数的计算方法.考虑风速沿机身和翼展方向非均匀分布引起的附加气动力作用,提出扰动风场中飞机气动参数修正的一般方法.仿真验证表明,强扰动风将对空投载机阻尼特性、稳定性产生较大影响.增大阻尼回路增益,接通气流角反馈能够改善复杂大气扰动下空投载机的响应特性.     

运输机超低空重装空投抗侧风三维非线性控制律设计

针对大型运输机侧风环境下超低空空投重型货物的瞬间受到三维突变和不确定干扰问题,提出一种基于四级复合控制的运输机三维控制律设计方法。在考虑侧风和地效不确定因素的基础上,建立了空投过程的不确定突变模型;为了保证飞行安全,采用四级复合方法设计了三维控制律:先逐层设计位置回路的虚拟指令,使位置、航迹和姿态的偏差向内逐层传递,再设计舵面和油门控制量消除位置和空速回路的偏差。在弱不确定性条件下,证明了控制系统的闭环稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制律可保证运输机侧风环境下超低空重装空投的安全性。     

美国对下一代运输机的考虑——运输/加油/作战多用途化

洛克希德·马丁公司的长期规划人员认为,未来的机会将与一种新的模块化运输机紧密相关。这种运输机将能迅速变换以执行空中运输、空中加油和空投等不同任务。     

超低空空投侧风安全边界确定方法

执行超低空重装空投任务的大型运输机极易受到扰动风的影响从而威胁飞行安全.根据小扰动线性化方法,从载机安全性出发,提出侧风安全边界的确定方法:载机受扰后的瞬态响应峰值不能过大;稳定飞行时,舵面应能提供足够的操纵力和力矩,以补偿风效应产生的附加气动力和力矩.仿真计算结果表明,该方法对超低空空投条件具有良好的分析预测能力.     

基于动态逆的超低空空投抗侧风控制器设计

为了使运输机在有侧风情况下仍能顺利完成空投,需要设计抗侧风控制器来抑制侧风对空投过程的影响.根据运输机的横侧向非线性数学模型,分别设计了基于侧航法的PID控制器和基于最优调节器的动态逆控制器.仿真结果表明,两者均能有效抑制侧风的影响,但与PID控制器相比,基于最优调节器的动态逆方法的控制器能减小滚转角幅值,具有更理想的控制效果.     

运输机超低空空投抗侧风控制器设计

为使运输机能在较强侧风下仍能完成空投任务,需设计抗侧风控制器减缓其对空投过程的影响。分别设计了经典的PD控制器和离散论域的模糊控制器。仿真结果表明,两者均能有效抑制侧风干扰。与PD控制器相比,模糊控制器具有更高的控制精度和较强的鲁棒性。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.