湍流模型对三维翼梢涡流场数值模拟的影响

 梢涡流场数值模拟对减少梢涡的不良影响意义深远。应用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方法建立了三维翼梢涡流场数值模型,选用的湍流模型包括两种经典两方程模型和一种代数雷诺应力模型。计算内容包括翼梢涡流场速度分布、压力分布及涡核位置,为了准确模拟梢涡涡核内系统旋转和流线曲率影响,将旋转和曲率修正方法应用于选用的湍流模型中。计算时对翼梢涡涡核处网格进行了加密处理。将计算结果与实验结果对比后发现,修正后的湍流模型较标准湍流模型明显提高了预报精度,与实验结果吻合较好,具有工程应用价值。     

S弯扩压器中四种湍流模型的比较

采用Realizableκ-ε,S-A(Spalart-Allmaras),SST(Shear stress transport剪切应力输运),RSM(Reynolds stress equation model雷诺应力模型)四种湍流模型对S弯扩压器内的分离流动进行了模拟,分析了不同湍流模型对计算结果的影响.将不同轴向位置的表面压力系数、分离区的大小、马赫数等三个量的实验值与计算值进行了比较,结果表明:分离区湍流模型对表面压力分布影响较大,未分离区不同湍流模型模拟精度相当;S-A模型对分离区的模拟较保守,RSM模型对分离的模拟精度较高,SST与RSM模拟结果很接近;各湍流模型计算的高速区域均比实验值大.扩压器的平均总压恢复系数受湍流模型影响不大,和实验结果吻合较好.      

二维超声速横侧喷流湍流数值模拟

采用AUSM -up格式模拟了二维超声速横侧喷流干扰流场.比较了SA、SST和EASM湍流模型对分离流动的模拟精度.通过调节喷流出口压力,研究了喷流参数对分离区大小、物面压力分布以及喷流喷射高度的影响.同实验对比发现:SST和EASM湍流模型在低压力比下能够比较准确模拟分离区,但是在高压力比下,湍流模型对分离区的模拟精度较差.     

建筑物顶部锥形涡空间演化的数值模拟

运用通用流体力学计算软件FLUENT,对建筑物表面风荷载问题进行了数值模拟,讨论和分析了采用不同湍流模型获得的结果差异.通过与风洞实验结果的对比,选择了v2-f湍流模型对40°风向角建筑物顶面出现锥形涡现象进行了成功的模拟.进而利用数值模拟的优势给出了典型建筑物顶面锥形涡的空间演化规律及其和侧面脱体涡的相互作用.还获得了锥形涡的演化、强度和位置与建筑物表面压力分布的内在联系.     

流向涡-面干扰流动特征

旋涡与物面相互作用广泛存在于各类飞行器的绕流中,旋涡改变了物面的压力分布,物面影响了旋涡的空间演化,进而影响飞行器的气动特性。针对流向涡与物面相互作用过程中的流动压力特征关系开展研究。采用风洞试验手段,获取旋涡流动结构的空间演化规律及物面压力载荷分布特征。结果表明:流向涡在作用过程中不仅会发生展向位移,而且会发生法向离面位移。试验参数范围内,入射高度降低0.1c,展向位移最大量增加0.3c,法向位移最大量增加0.02c。物面受旋涡影响出现集中的条带状低压分布以及"双峰形"压力脉动集中区。物面压力特征变化可为后续开展涡-面流动模型重构研究提供试验支撑。     

SSG模型在压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层干扰模拟中的应用

采用非线性方案模化雷诺应力再分配项的二阶矩雷诺应力输运模型——SSG模型和两方程线性涡粘模型SST模型,对24°高雷诺数二维压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层相互干扰流动进行数值模拟。通过在壁面压力分布、壁面摩擦阻力系数分布、截面速度分布及分离区大小等方面与实验数据比较,综合评估了上述两种模型模拟该问题的能力。结果表明:两种湍流模型在上述各方面都取得了与实验较为一致的结果,但相比较而言,除SST模型在流动再附后对壁面摩擦阻力系数分布的模拟更接近实验值外,SSG模型结果在上述其他方面均更接近实验值。本文工作为压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层干扰这类流动数值模拟的湍流模型选择提供了参考。     

三维槽道湍流的大涡模拟

利用大涡模拟方法模拟了雷诺数为13000的充分发展槽道湍流流动。为了比较网格和亚格子模型对计算结果的影响,采用了三种不同的网格数目,以及Smagorinsky模型和动力模型等两种亚格子模型,并与直接数值模拟结果进行了比较。结果表明,大涡模拟可以比较准确地给出速度分布、脉动速度均方根分布等湍流统计参数。在此基础上,对近壁区小尺度湍流结构进行了研究。     

超声速H_2/Air湍流扩散燃烧RANS数值模拟

为了研究修正的火焰面反应进度变量燃烧模型在超声速湍流扩散燃烧问题中的适用性,对德国宇航中心(DLR)超声速燃烧室开展RANS数值模拟。基于Open Foam软件平台中密度求解器分别对三维冷态场和燃烧场进行模拟分析。将网格自适应加密技术用于流场的计算;燃烧场计算中,通过分析不同压力下层流火焰面数据库,引入了反应进度变量源项的压力修正系数,压力修正系数α等于2.2。计算结果表明,冷态场中压力分布、波系分布、速度分布以及燃烧场中波系分布、速度分布、温度分布结果均与实验值符合较好。压力修正方法能够较好地解决超声速湍流扩散燃烧问题。湍流Schmidt数敏感性分析表明,湍流Schmidt数Sct对湍流火焰结构有较大影响,文中Sct等于0.7时能得到与实验值较为一致的分布。     

某涡轮导向叶片换热实验与计算

针对某涡轮导向叶片,实验测量了光滑叶片表面的压力系数和速比系数,并使用瞬态液晶测量技术获得了叶片全表面传热系数分布.分别使用shear stress transport（SST）,k-ω,k-ε和renormalization group（RNG）k-ε四种湍流模型模拟了相同结构尺寸的叶栅通道内的流动与换热,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明:压力面压力系数沿弧长方向逐渐下降,吸力面上压力系数先快速下降达到最小值后缓慢上升（出现逆压梯度）.叶栅通道和叶片表面附近气流流动结构的复杂性导致叶片表面传热系数分布较为复杂.4种湍流模型对压力系数和速比系数的计算结果相互差别不大,计算数据也比较接近实验值.关于叶片表面传热系数,SST模型计算结果分布规律与实验接近,而其他3种湍流模型都没有能模拟出吸力面边界层分离对换热的影响.      

跨声速条件下轴对称收扩喷管内外流场的数值研究

采用有限体积法,二阶精度插值的Roe格式对三维流场N-S方程进行空间离散;采用LUSGS隐式时间推进法和多重网格技术加快计算收敛速度;采用不同湍流模型、壁面函数对轴对称喷管内外流场进行三维数值模拟.计算结果与实验数据对比表明,采用涡粘修正的RNG模型,内流场使用增强壁面函数,外流场使用标准壁面函数可以得到准确的计算结果.研究表明:在亚声速条件下,喷管外壁面压力分布随落压比的变化不大;超声速条件下,喷管外壁面激波随着落压比的增大前移.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.