S-08钢真空熔模精密铸造工艺研究

通过工艺试验和系统分析,研究出一套用真空感应铸造炉生产S-08钢铸件的工艺方法,解决S—08钢真空熔模精密铸造过程中的关键工艺技术问题,使S-08钢铸造的液氧／煤油发动机低压壳体、氧主阀下壳体等关键铸件满足高压、高冲击的负荷指标。     

科技成果简介

该项技术是国外工业发达国家近年来的一项新科研成果。它是把普通石膏铸造和熔模精密铸造结合起来,用石膏型代替熔模的陶瓷型壳。铝合金采用大气熔炼,真空浇注,压力下结晶,从而得到了     

铝合金熔模石膏型精密铸造工艺及发展

本文综述了铝合金熔模石膏型精密铸造的发展,对熔模石膏型用石膏混合料及其制备工艺进行了较详细的叙述,为发展我国熔模石膏型精密铸造提供了一条途径。 熔模石膏型铸造薄壁复杂的铝合金铸件近几年来引起国内铸造界的重视。虽然这种技术国外四十年代已经得到发展,但今天在电子、航空等部门中生产高精度和良好表面光洁度的复杂薄壁铝合金铸件方面具有引人注目的地位。 熔模石膏型,它是把普遍熔模铸造法的熔模和普通石膏型法利用石膏作为铸型材料结合在一起,所得铸件既有普通熔模铸造那样的复杂性,又有普通石膏型铸造的那种表面光洁度和壁薄程度。但在型材、具体制备工艺、浇注方式等方面又具有其独特性。     

铝合金石膏型熔模精密铸造的主要特点及几种浇注方法

铝合金石膏型熔模精密铸造是国外近年来研究并成功地应用于生产的一项先进工艺。它的工艺过程基本是将焊好的蜡模组固定在砂箱里,浇入予先配制好的石膏浆料,待浆料凝固干燥后,脱蜡熔烧成为石膏铸型,浇入铝合金液获得精密铝铸件。     

高温合金的真空熔模精密铸造

本文主要叙述了国内外高温合金的种类,并就高温合金熔模铸造工艺中的真空熔炼、模料、熔模制做技术的发展、型芯材料、铸造型壳等做了具体阐述。     

铸造技术在宇航工业中的应用及发展

航天产品的一些关键部件应用精密铸造技术可以显著地降低成本，减少零件的数量、焊接次数及机加工序。重点综述了国外铸造技术在航天产品中的应用及发展，并对高温合金熔模铸及快速成型技术在铸造中的应用做了简单介绍。     

航天先进轻合金材料及成形技术研究综述

轻合金是现代航天装备轻量化首选材料,高性能轻合金构件制造能力决定了我国航天装备的功能水平与竞争力。为推动先进轻合金材料及成形技术在航天领域的应用,对高性能轻合金材料、铸造、钣金成形、增材制造等技术领域在基础理论、工艺开发、装备研制、工程应用等方面的发展现状进行了梳理,提出了高强耐热铸造镁合金材料、高性能钛铝合金材料、高性能镁合金熔模精密铸造、数字化铸造、旋压成形、超塑成形、钛/铝合金电弧熔丝增材制造等相关技术的后续发展方向。     

镁合金电子舱体浇注系统设计与快速熔模铸造

为了满足航天器大型复杂薄壁镁合金构件减重与快速制造需求,以某镁合金电子舱体为例开展了熔模铸造工艺研究。通过选区激光烧结(SLS)3D打印技术制备了舱体熔模,设计了3种浇注系统,采用ProCAST软件对舱体的低压铸造过程和铸造缺陷进行了模拟。研究结果表明,3D打印的聚苯乙烯熔模在烧除过程中未导致型壳胀裂问题的出现。低压铸造结合缝隙式浇注系统可满足镁合金熔体的平稳充型和完全补缩,实现了镁合金舱体铸件的快速熔模铸造成形。     

钛合金与铸型热交换过程的数值分析

对熔模精密铸型、金属型、石墨型三种不同铸型条件下的钛合金与铸型的热交换特点进行了理论分析和定量计算，结果表明：精密铸造时，界面温度下降平缓，且在初始时刻界面处有反应热放出；金属型、石墨型铸造时界面温度下降迅速，界面处无反应热放出，原因为金属型、石墨型导热系数大，蓄热能力强，抑制了钛合金与铸型的界面反应。经实验验证，计算结果与实验结果较为吻合，此计算可为正确选择铸钛用低反应性的铸型材料提供理论依据。     

国外科技

英国舍非尔德钢铸造与贸易协会用了十年的时间,研究出一种新的精密铸造工艺.这种工艺是用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料代替目前常用的石蜡来制造模型,这对于石蜡短缺的国家尤其适用.试验证明,这种工艺铸造速快、成本低,可用于汽车、飞机、仪器、仪表等制造部门.     

On the stability of the track of the space elevator

A string moving with geostationary angular velocity in its radial relative equilibrium configuration around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height, could be used as track for an Earth to space elevator. This is an old dream of mankind, originating about 100 years ago in Russia. Besides the question of feasibility from a technological point of view also the question concerning the stability of such a configuration has not yet been completely solved. Under the assumption that a proper material (carbon nanotubes) is available, making the connection possible technologically, we address the question of existence and stability of the radial relative equilibrium of a tapered string on a circular geosynchronous trajectory around the Earth, reaching from the surface of the Earth far beyond the geostationary height.     

On the Possibility of the Existence of Volatile Compounds in the Region of the Scott Crater on the Moon

In this paper, we analyze the illumination conditions, the thermal regime, and the possibility of deposits of volatile compounds existing in the vicinity region (NSR S5 region) near the southern pole of the Moon. It has been found that there are no permanently shadowed zones near the Scott crater and the NSR S5 region, though the temperature conditions allow the of compounds such as CH₃OH, SO₂, NH₃, CO₂, H₂S, C₂H₄, and water to remain stable relative to evaporation for a long time (≥1 Gyr). It has been also shown that compounds like CO and CH₄ cannot stably exist in these regions.     

Estimation of the current density and analysis of the geometry of the current system surrounding the Earth

The results of an investigation of the distribution of plasma pressure, pressure gradients, and magnetic field near the equatorial plane in the plasma ring surrounding the Earth under magneto-quiet conditions are presented. Observational data obtained during the international THEMIS mission are used. The picture of the distribution of transverse-current density near the equatorial plane was obtained under assumption of observing the magnetostatic balance condition at geocentric distances from 6 to 12R _E. In estimating the integral transverse current it was accepted that in daytime sector the magnetic-field minima on magnetic field lines are not localized in the equatorial plane. Estimates of the integral transverse current were obtained, which demonstrate the possibility of closing nighttime transverse currents at geocentric distances of up to ～12R _E inside the magnetosphere, which form a high-latitudinal continuation of the ring current.     

对老年人体育锻炼负荷量监控方法的探讨

通过对老年人体育锻炼活动的情况进行相关调查，发现目前老年人体育锻炼中存在一些误区。因此本文针对这些现实情况提出，应根据实际情况运用一些简单易行的方法来对老年人体育锻炼实施医务监督，达到提高老年人体育锻炼的科学性。     

实施“三位一体”教育模式 提高学生的综合素质

本文介绍了“三位一体”教育模式的内容,描述亍我们实施该模式所采取的措施及取得的成效。实践表明,“三位一体”教育模式能够提高学生的综合素质,为学生毕业后的发展打下坚实基础,对教育模式的改革具有一定的指导意义。     

Estimating the accuracy of the technique of reconstructing the rotational motion of a satellite based on the measurements of its angular velocity and the magnetic field of the Earth

The paper has studied the accuracy of the technique that allows the rotational motion of the Earth artificial satellites (AES) to be reconstructed based on the data of onboard measurements of angular velocity vectors and the strength of the Earth magnetic field (EMF). The technique is based on kinematic equations of the rotational motion of a rigid body. Both types of measurement data collected over some time interval have been processed jointly. The angular velocity measurements have been approximated using convenient formulas, which are substituted into the kinematic differential equations for the quaternion that specifies the transition from the body-fixed coordinate system of a satellite to the inertial coordinate system. Thus obtained equations represent a kinematic model of the rotational motion of a satellite. The solution of these equations, which approximate real motion, has been found by the least-square method from the condition of best fitting between the data of measurements of the EMF strength vector and its calculated values. The accuracy of the technique has been estimated by processing the data obtained from the board of the service module of the International Space Station (ISS). The reconstruction of station motion using the aforementioned technique has been compared with the telemetry data on the actual motion of the station. The technique has allowed us to reconstruct the station motion in the orbital orientation mode with a maximum error less than 0.6° and the turns with a maximal error of less than 1.2°.     

Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

从应变计现状看电阻式传感器的前景

电阻式传感器的核心部件——电阻应变计是目前最常用的应力分析的敏感元件。也常用于测量力、压力、扭矩和加速度等物理量。作者简要回顾了电阻应变计的发展历史，介绍了电阻应变计的结构、分类及现状，展望了电阻式传感器的前景。     

System of works on numerical modeling of the dynamics of the structure of the Space Radiotelescope in the RadioAstron project

The results of modeling the dynamics of the Space Radiotelescope are presented. The results of ground-based vibration-dynamic tests are used to validate the calculation models and estimate the damping levels. The dynamic distortions of the reflecting surface caused by the operation of the pointing mechanism of the high-gain antenna are estimated.     

复杂受载条件下固体火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力的估计

论文简略介绍了静力轴压下园柱壳屈曲应力的工程计算方法,对某固体火箭发动机壳体的复杂受载条件对壳体屈曲应力的影响进行了分析,并对该火箭发动机壳体屈曲应力如何估计提出了建议。