基于Busemann双翼的三维高超声速机翼研究

为研究Busemann双翼翼型在高超声速机翼上的应用,构建了一种基于Busemann双翼翼型的高超声速机翼,研究其在高超声速流动中的气动特性和温度对其前6阶模态固有频率的影响。针对高超声速流动的复杂性和高超声速机翼涉及学科的多样性,首先从理论上证明高超声速Busemann双翼能够提高升阻比,然后通过数值模拟研究了Busemann双翼在高超声速流动中的气动特性,及其增升减阻和减小翼尖涡的机理,并使用分层理论简化高超声速机翼所涉及学科之间的复杂耦合关系,研究了温度对高超声速Busemann双翼模态的影响。结果表明：在高超声速流动中,Busemann双翼能够显著提高升阻比并减小翼尖涡的强度,相对于菱形单翼,Busemann双翼的升力系数增加了28.95%,阻力系数增大了13.58%,升阻比提高了13.53%,升阻比提高较为明显;同时,在1 300℃时,相对于菱形单翼的一阶固有频率,Busemann双翼的一阶固有频率提高了99.8%,说明Busemann双翼具有更好的抗弯能力;相对于在20℃时的一阶固有频率,Busemann双翼在1 300℃时的一阶固有频率下降了34.2%,说明不能忽略高温对Busemann双翼结构性能的影响。     

新型目标压力分布下的Licher双翼反设计方法研究北大核心CSCD

为了提高超声速气动构型的升阻比,减小激波阻力,使用反设计方法结合CFD技术优化Licher双翼,实际算例表明,来流马赫数1.7,无粘情况下只需迭代15步即可得到优化结果,优化后翼型波阻可减小25.5%,升阻比提高30.5%。随后依据翼型目标压力分布这一反设计关键点,分析了非零迎角下翼型各边的受力情况,指出了原目标压力分布的不足,并提出了一种新的阶梯形目标压力分布形式,该方法的优化结果可使升阻比提高49.8%。此外基于NS方程的优化结果表明,原目标压力分布的优化效果被削弱,升阻比仅能提高17%,而新目标压力分布的优化结果受到的影响较小,升阻比仍可提高49.2%,说明在考虑流动粘性特征时,阶梯形目标压力分布形式更具实用价值。     

排式充气机翼的高效气动布局研究

为了提高充气机翼的刚度特性,需要采用较大厚度的翼型,但厚翼型气动效率整体上又不太高。探讨一种适用于低速充气类飞行器的排式双翼布局方案,并尝试给予后翼一定的初始安装偏转角,同时还研究了双翼相对位置以及翼型特性对该排式双翼布局方案的影响。数值模拟结果表明,后翼前缘驻点附近的高压区增大了前翼下表面的压力,使此种布局较普通单翼布局在中小迎角范围内可以明显提高飞行器的升力和升阻比,其中迎角4°时可将升阻比提高62.8%,而给后翼2°的偏转角可使将升阻比提高幅度达到70.5%。同时,双翼相对位置对飞行器气动性能的影响较为敏感。此外,翼型厚度越大,弯度越小,所提出的排式双翼布局方案提高升阻比的效果越明显。综合效果来看,文中探讨的布局可为充气飞机的设计提供一个新思路。     

新型目标压力分布下的Licher双翼反设计方法研究

为了提高超声速气动构型的升阻比,减小激波阻力,使用反设计方法结合CFD技术优化Licher双翼,实际算例表明,来流马赫数1.7,无粘情况下只需迭代15步即可得到优化结果,优化后翼型波阻可减小25.5%,升阻比提高30.5%。随后依据翼型目标压力分布这一反设计关键点,分析了非零迎角下翼型各边的受力情况,指出了原目标压力分布的不足,并提出了一种新的阶梯形目标压力分布形式,该方法的优化结果可使升阻比提高49.8%。此外基于NS方程的优化结果表明,原目标压力分布的优化效果被削弱,升阻比仅能提高17%,而新目标压力分布的优化结果受到的影响较小,升阻比仍可提高49.2%,说明在考虑流动粘性特征时,阶梯形目标压力分布形式更具实用价值。     

基于CG法及Taguchi理论的气动力鲁棒性优化方法

针对传统的基于固定设计点气动力优化设计方法中存在的非设计点性能较差的问题,利用Taguchi鲁棒性设计理论和共轭梯度(Conjugate Gradient,CG)法,在斯坦福大学的开源CFD软件平台SU2的基础上,提出了一种高鲁棒性气动力优化设计方法。以NACA0012翼型为算例,以降低波阻为目标,对翼型的气动外形进行了鲁棒性优化设计,并与单点设计结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,采用提出的高鲁棒性气动力优化设计方法,在一定的亚声速范围内可以有效降低翼型波阻,实现翼型在波动飞行环境下的高鲁棒性气动力设计。研究结果对高鲁棒性气动力优化设计具有一定的工程指导价值。     

基于新型多可信度代理模型的多目标优化方法

相对于常规直升机，基于前行桨叶方案（ABC）速度更高的刚性共轴双旋翼直升机对旋翼翼型的气动性能要求更加苛刻，包括更高马赫数下的低阻和高阻力发散特性，并维持良好的中、低马赫数下的升阻特性以及所有状态下的力矩特性等10余项指标要求，面临高维多目标优化难题。针对该类问题，首先发展了基于核主成分分析（KPCA）的非线性目标降维技术，然后建立了基于新型多可信度多项式混沌-Kriging(AMF-PCK)代理模型的高效多目标稳健优化方法，并提出了变可信度伪期望改进矩阵（VF-PEIM）并行样本填充方法，使多目标优化设计效率和能力显著提高。利用所建立的基于新型多可信度代理模型的多目标优化方法对高速直升机7%厚度旋翼翼型进行了优化设计。设计翼型的气动表现分别与经典的OA407翼型在高、中、低马赫数下进行了全面比较，对比结果验证了提出的新型多目标优化设计方法的有效性，设计翼型高速气动特性得到了显著提升。     

不同翼型厚度和来流马赫数下的桨涡干扰噪声分析

桨涡干扰噪声是直升机气动噪声主要组成之一，为了正确预测和降低直升机噪声，必须开展气动噪声相关物理参数研究。在对声场进行计算流体力学（CFD）直接数值模拟的基础上，分析了不同厚度和来流马赫数下二维平行桨涡干扰噪声传播特性和声源位置，分析了翼型厚度和来流马赫数对桨涡干扰噪声的影响，并得到了可压缩情况下远场声压预测公式。研究表明，低马赫数下，翼型厚度对噪声指向性影响不大，高马赫数下，翼型厚度对噪声指向性影响程度增大；噪声强弱主要随来流马赫数变化，翼型厚度对其影响较小；翼型厚度和来流马赫数变化不会改变声源点位置。开展不同翼型厚度和来流马赫数下的桨涡干扰噪声分析可以为进一步了解并控制直升机桨涡干扰噪声提供一定的参考。     

高超声速可变形双翼气动特性

为研究高超声速可变形双翼在不同迎角和不同马赫数条件下的气动特性,并针对在给定的迎角和马赫数条件下可变形双翼的舵面偏转角选取困难的问题,通过结合二分法、遗传算法和高斯牛顿算法对处于不同迎角和不同马赫数条件下的可变形双翼的舵面偏转角进行了选取确定,分析了可变形双翼的气动特性和舵面偏转角对其气动特性产生影响的机理。研究表明:当来流马赫数为5,迎角从1°~8°变化时,可变形双翼的升阻比明显大于Busemann双翼的升阻比,最大可达4.2倍;当迎角为3°,来流马赫数从0.5~5变化时,可变形双翼的升阻比最大可达Busemann双翼升阻比的3.4倍。结果表明可变形双翼在大迎角和大速度范围内均能保持高升阻比,在高超声速飞行中将具有更好的应用价值和前景。     

RBCC火箭引射模态热力壅塞研究

运用理论分析和实验研究相结合的方法对火箭引射模态下实现热力壅塞进行了研究.建立了用于实现热力壅塞可行性分析的理论模型,分析了燃烧室通道面积变化规律、加热方案、一次火箭与二次流掺混后的气流参数等对实现热力壅塞的影响,提出了判别能否实现热力壅塞的临界马赫数准则.理论计算和实验研究结果表明,碳氢燃料发动机在地面静止状态下难以实现热力壅塞,在一定飞行状态下可以实现热力壅塞.通过地面直连实验实现了来流马赫数为1.2条件下的热力壅塞及其主动控制,壅塞位置的调节范围达到了燃烧室长度的1/4.      

双翼布局微型飞行器气动特性试验研究

通过低速风洞试验研究了使用双翼布局改善固定翼微型飞行器（MAV）气动性能的问题。首先比较不同平面形状单翼（齐莫曼翼和反齐莫曼翼）与双翼布局的气动特性。在此基础上为了优化低雷诺数范围内的双翼布局,研究不同几何参数对气动特性的影响,包括双翼不同的翼间距和交错位置以及不同的上下翼平面形状,并分析了造成这种气动性能差异可能存在的流场相互作用机理。研究表明,双翼布局能够改善单翼微型飞行器的气动性能,双翼之间的相对几何位置对其气动特性影响很大。通过不同平面形状上翼与下翼组合的比较发现,就最大升力和升阻比而言,上翼为齐莫曼翼、下翼为反齐莫曼翼且上翼位于下翼上游的布局较优。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.