超燃燃烧室悬臂斜坡喷注器/凹腔组合结构研究

超燃燃烧室中燃料的掺混强化问题备受关注,为了优化悬臂斜坡喷注器/凹腔组合结构在超燃燃烧室中的流场特性,运用数值模拟方法对悬臂斜坡喷注器/凹腔组合结构的冷、热流场进行研究,对比分析有无凹腔结构、悬臂斜坡喷注器/凹腔不同位置组合对流场特性的影响。结果表明:随着组合位置距离的增大,凹腔的稳定燃烧作用变强,但不同的组合位置会带来燃烧室不同的燃料掺混效果和燃烧特性;综合考虑,组合距离h=30mm虽然总压损失较大,但却拥有更强的燃料掺混效果和更大的燃烧效率收益,流场特性最优。     

超声速燃烧气动斜坡喷注器研究

为增强超声速燃烧过程的燃料混合,设计了通过喷嘴阵列形成流向涡强化混合的气动斜坡实验件.在直连式实验台上对气动斜坡实验件进行了纹影及油流谱等冷试实验研究.并采用大涡模拟(LES)方法数值模拟了超声速流场中气动斜坡的流动及燃烧特性.结果表明:气动斜坡喷注器的喷嘴阵列设计能有效加速喷流后流向涡的卷起,提高掺混特性;其燃烧过程也能使喷流形成的剪切层上抬,增进混合;由于喷流方向与主流方向夹角较小,总压损失也较物理斜坡、横向喷流等混合增强方式小.      

后掠角度对超声速混合的影响

通过采用隐式方法求解三维、粘性、湍流 Navier-Stokes方程及组分方程 ,对以氢气为燃料的超燃冲压发动机燃烧室模型进行了数值模拟 ,分析了不同后掠角度对于超声速混合的影响。计算结果表明后掠斜坡产生的流向涡的强度以及混合增强效果优于无后掠斜坡 ,并随着后掠角度的增加而增强 ,但总压恢复系数随后掠角度的增加逐渐降低      

超声速燃烧室小支板对射流作用的数值分析

为分析小支板前/后喷射在超声速燃烧室中的流动特性,运用数值模拟方法研究了小支板对乙烯喷射冷流场的作用规律.对比分析了有无小支板、不同喷射位置、不同喷射角对流场的影响.研究发现小支板增强掺混的机制主要在于在小支板后端形成了流向涡与低压区;在一定范围内,喷孔距离支板尾部越远越处于湍流强度较大的流向涡中,更有利于掺混增强,但同时也距离小支板后缘的低压区更远,这将导致总压损失变大;综合考虑,小支板与喷孔的距离为2.2d,喷射角为90°时燃料穿透深度、混合效率较好,总压损失也相对较小.      

马赫数2.5超燃室中超/亚声流流向涡掺混冷态流场数值研究

结合实验,对一种带亚声速预燃室和流向涡掺混器的超声速燃烧模型燃烧室,在其进口马赫数为2.5的来流条件下,进行了冷态流场的数值研究.计算与实验得到的燃烧室沿程压力分布相当一致,计算与实验得到的激波结构也基本吻合.计算结果表明:首先,在马赫数2.5的来流条件下,亚燃预燃室易于达到启动状态;其次,流向涡掺混器增强超/亚声速流之间的掺混的效果明显,但其掺混深度尚有限;最后,流向涡掺混的超燃室掺混段有着复杂的激波膨胀波波系,波涡干涉和激波附面层干涉结构.     

两种超声速燃烧室内氢气燃烧的三维数值研究

通过隐式耦合求解可压缩N-S方程及组分方程,对台阶喷射燃烧室和支杆喷射燃烧室内的流场进行了三维数值研究.研究结果表明,支杆喷射燃烧室喷人氢气,在整个流道内产生的流向涡和横向涡更加强烈,更加能够促进氢气和空气在流向的对流掺混和扩散掺混效果,从而使得燃烧室内的掺混距离缩短;同时,这两个超声速燃烧室内的凹槽结构能起到增强掺混和稳定火焰的作用,使燃烧室后部燃烧区域增大.      

气动斜坡/ 燃气发生器方案燃料掺混性能研究

为了研究气动斜坡喷注器在提高掺混、点火及稳定火焰方面的作用,通过数值仿真方法,对气动斜坡及单孔直喷/燃气发生器2种方案冷流掺混流场进行了对比研究。结果表明:气动斜坡方案在燃烧室中能形成更强、更复杂的流向涡结构,对增进燃料掺混作用明显;在燃烧室后半段2种方案羽流面积相差不大,但是气动斜坡方案燃料质量中心在燃烧室中心区域附近,直喷方案燃料质量中心更靠近燃烧室上壁面,气动斜坡方案燃料分布更加均匀,到燃烧室出口处,掺混效率比直喷方案的高约10%;与直喷方案相比,气动斜坡方案对主流的影响更小,总压恢复性能优于直喷方案的,在燃烧室出口处,总压恢复系数比直喷方案的高约10%。     

斜坡增强混合的数值研究

采用隐式方法求解三维可压Ｎ－Ｓ方程及组分方程,数值模拟了后掠、无后掠斜坡的混合增强流场。比较了两种斜坡的混合增强效果及产生的流向涡量的强度。计算结果表明后掠斜坡产生流向涡的强度明显高于无后掠斜坡,其混合增强效果也更好。     

前置翼片式涡流发生器对燃烧室氢气燃料掺混特性的影响

超声速来流与燃料的充分掺混是超声速燃烧的关键技术，直接关系到吸气式高超声速推进系统的总体性能。本文通过在射流口前安装翼片式涡流发生器以促进燃料与空气的掺混。基于SST k-ω湍流模型的RANS方法，对带有翼片式涡流发生器的超燃冲压发动机燃烧室模型内氢气横向喷流冷流流场进行了数值模拟，对比分析涡流发生器高度和长度不同的条件下燃烧室内的流场结构、涡流强度、氢气与空气掺混特性、燃烧室总压损失的规律。结果表明，翼片式涡流发生器能够提高涡流强度并大幅提高燃烧室内的掺混性能。随着涡流发生器高度和长度的增加，流场结构间的干扰增强，导致涡流强度和穿透深度增加，从而提升掺混效率。与不安装涡流发生器情况相比，涡流发生器能提升氢燃料的穿透深度超过170%，减少燃料掺混距离70%以上。更加复杂的流场结构同时会增大燃烧室的总压损失，并随着涡流发生器高度和长度的增加而增大。相较于掺混性能的提升，总压损失的增大幅度相对小很多，说明通过合理的参数选择，翼片式涡流发生器能够有效提升燃烧室的掺混性能。     

后掠结构对超声速燃烧斜坡喷注器性能的影响

为增进超声速流场中燃料与来流的混合,提高超声速燃烧效率,缩短燃烧室长度,设计了两种结构的斜坡喷注器.并对这两种喷注器进行了纹影、油流谱和火焰传播等实验研究.对比数值仿真结果,分析了后掠角结构对斜坡混合性能影响的机理,发现后掠设计能有效促进流向涡的卷起,并加速燃料喷流柱的抬升过程,这不仅增进了混合,也有效增强了其对火焰的稳定作用.      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.