Frequency hop multiple access codes based upon the theory of cubiccongruences

The need for families of frequency-hop codes which have mutually small auto-ambiguity and cross-ambiguity functions is discussed. Current coding methods are reviewed. A new family of frequency-hop codes based upon the number-theoretic concept of cubic congruences is introduced. It is shown that for about 50% of the prime numbers, families of full codes exist which have at most two coincidences for any time-frequency shift in their auto-ambiguity functions and at most three coincidences in the set of mutual cross-ambiguity functions     

Periodic ambiguity functions of EQC-based TFHC

The time-frequency hop codes based upon extended quadratic congruences (TFHC-EQC) were developed previously (1988, 1991). The known results about the ambiguity functions of the TFHC-EQC are extended from aperiodic cases to periodic cases. Precisely, the following new results are proved: (1) The tight upper bound for the periodic auto-ambiguity function of the TFHC-EQC is 6; (2) the periodic cross-ambiguity upper bound of the TFHC-EQC is at least (N-1)/2; (3) there exists a subset TFHC-EQC of volume (N-1)/2 such that its periodic cross-ambiguity is tightly upper bounded by 8     

嵌入式处理器P2020机器码程序到C语言源程序的溯源方法

处理器PowerPC P2020在航空航天等嵌入式领域被广泛应用,以RTCA/DO-178C中A级软件的适航要求作为研究的出发点,提出了从文件、函数声明、函数体代码3层次实现P2020机器码程序到C源程序的溯源方法。在获取C语言源程序与PowerPC P2020机器码程序文件名列表的基础上,实现PowerPC P2020机器码文件主名的溯源;通过遍历C源程序抽象语法树和PowerPC P2020机器码获取函数名列表,实现PowerPC P2020机器码函数声明的溯源;通过定义C语言程序抽象语法树节点生成期望汇编指令序列的规则,实现PowerPC P2020机器码函数体的溯源。通过设计245个C源程序文件与345个PowerPC P2020机器码程序文件,1 111个C语言函数声明与1 273个PowerPC P2020机器码函数声明,以及覆盖C语言程序23类语法结构的460个测试用例,验证了PowerPC P2020机器码程序到C源程序的自动化溯源方法的有效性。结果表明：文件溯源和函数声明溯源的追溯匹配率达100%,程序函数体代码的平均溯源匹配率达97.22%。溯源匹配结果可以检查PowerPC P2020机器码程序是否在编译过程插入例外异常代码,以防止其带来的安全隐患,保证航空航天嵌入式安全关键软件机器码的安全性和可靠性。     

基于滑模自适应控制的不确定混沌系统修正函数投影同步

研究了一类不确定混沌系统的修正函数投影同步。首先,设计了一类滑模曲面;基于该曲面设计了同步控制器,并采用自适应技术设计了自适应律对不确定参数进行逼近。在一定条件下,该同步控制方案可以实现2个不确定异结构混沌系统的修正函数投影同步。然后,为保证合适的控制量,对控制增益进行了优化。从同步效果来看,所设计的控制器对混沌系统的不确定项的影响具有较强的鲁棒性。最后,数值仿真验证了该控制器的有效性和可行性。     

分数阶混沌系统同步控制研究进展

分数阶混沌系统由于其复杂的混沌吸引子和独有的记忆特性,非常适合保密通信领域的应用。在介绍分数阶混沌系统混沌特性的基础上,重点综述了近年来分数阶混沌系统同步的研究进展,包括分数阶混沌系统模型、分数阶系统算法、分数阶混沌同步控制方法等;总结了分数阶混沌系统同步在理论和应用方面的研究现状;提出了分数阶混沌系统同步还有待进一步研究的若干方向和内容。     

Noise and Transmission Delays in Mutual Synchronization Systems

This paper considers the effects of noise and transmission delays in a phase-averaging mutual synchronization system. The basic analytical ideas are developed with respect to a two-station system which contains first-or second-order analog phase-lock loops. From the equation describing the phase error dynamics of each system, a generalized Fokker-Planck equation is derived. It is used to obtain a good approximate analytic expression for the phase error probability density function (PDF), which is confirmed by simulation. An important quantity for such mutual synchronization systems, under random disturbances, is the variance of the frequency deviation. This may be obtained directly from a knowledge of the phase error PDF. The above development is then extended to a mutual synchronization system of arbitrary size.     

计算机系统的时间服务研究与应用

网络化计算和分布式应用,对计算机系统的时间同步精度要求越来越高。本文从一个全新的角度详细讨论了计算机系统结构中的时间服务机制对网络时间同步所起的至关重要的作用,依据这些机制,结合计算机网络计算模式,提出了基于C/S计算模式和NC模式的时间同步算法模型,并给出了应用实例。     

On cross-ambiguity properties of Welch-Costas arrays

We discuss cross-ambiguity properties of a specific family of Costas arrays called Welch-Costas (W-C) arrays. These properties are of interest in multiuser radar and sonar system, especially since Costas arrays are known to possess ideal auto-ambiguity functions. The theory of W-C arrays is reviewed. It is then proved that only pairs of W-C arrays can have at most two hits in their cross-ambiguity function (best possible case). The maximum number of hits in the cross-ambiguity functions of a family of W-C arrays is shown to be a function of the number of W-C arrays in the family. The upper bound on the number of hits in the cross ambiguity functions for a family of W-C arrays is also derived. Specific examples of how reducing the number of W-C arrays improves the cross-ambiguity properties are given for various types of prime numbers     

Flower Constellation Set Theory Part I: Compatibility and Phasing

Flower Constellations are special satellite constellations whose satellites follow the same 3-dimensional space track with respect to assigned rotating reference frame. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of compatibility and phasing of the Flower Constellations. Compatibility is the synchronization property of a Flower Constellation with respect to a rotating reference frame while phasing dictates the satellite distribution property. Compatibility and phasing, which are ruled by a set of five independent integer parameters, constitute the two main properties of the Flower Constellations. In particular, the dual-compatible Flower Constellations theory, which allows a simultaneous synchronization of the Flower Constellation dynamics with two independent rotating reference frames, is introduced. Meaningful examples and potential applications are briefly discussed.     

导弹武器系统时间同步网的综合性能评估方法

针对导弹武器系统时间同步网（MWSTSN）现有评估方法不全面、不客观等问题,提出了一种基于权系数优化的导弹武器系统时间同步网的综合性能评估方法。首先,基于时间同步网的工作流程与系统结构,综合分析了影响系统性能的各项指标,建立了导弹武器系统时间同步网性能的评估体系与评估模型。通过构建主、客观指标权重的分配系数最优化模型,利用层次分析法和熵值法对上述指标进行组合赋权,获取具有主、客观特性的组合权重。最后,通过案例验证上述评估过程的有效性,结果表明：该评估体系能够有效反映导弹武器系统时间同步网中各分系统及设备的可用性,并具备可测性和可操作性。     

TMR-BITE16位单片机容错系统SCFT

介绍~种以16位单片机MCS-96为基础的TMR-BITE(也称TMR-Duplex-Simplex)容错计算机系统SCFT。该系统具有故障检测、恢复和逐步降级的功能;特点是结构紧凑、体积小、可靠性高和表决时间开销小等,能广泛适用于航空航天技术,飞控系统和自动控制系统。文中详细论述了SCFT系统的工作原理、设计方法、同步技术和通讯方式,并对系统的可靠性进行了分析。     

双向比对高精度物理时间同步方法

提出一种面向未来卫星在轨应用的闭环物理高精度时间同步方法。比较了所提方法与其他时间同步方法的区别与优势，建立了远程系统时间同步基本模型与误差传递模型，基于双向测距和时间传递技术分析了高精度钟差获取原理，给出了时钟调整环路的时域频域参数依赖关系。完成了高精度时间同步地面试验系统构建，测试了开环非调钟状态下钟差测量精度误差、闭环调钟状态下时间同步准确度误差以及长时运行情况下的时间同步监测结果。测试结果表明，该方法能够实现优于1 ns量级的时间同步，为高精度时间同步技术研究提供了新的途径。     

ARINC659总线协议同步机制的研究与实现

总线的同步保证了设计能够正常工作,因此在通信系统中有着极其重要的地位。描述了ARINC659（Aeronautical Radio Incorporated,航空无线电组成公司的）总线规范,分析了该协议采用的TDPA（Table Driven Proportional Access,表驱动均衡访问）通信机制,给出了符合协议规范的同步机制设计并得出了相应的设计结果。主要研究ARINC659协议同步机制,希望能对研究总线同步的同行有所帮助,对ARINC659总线的描述也有助于同仁对ARINC航空总线的研究。     

Effect of Random Synchronization Errors in PN and PSK Systems

The effect of a constant synchronization error on PN systems has been studied by Gill [1]. His results are generalized here for random synchronization errors, and extended to PSK systems using decision directed channel measurements [2]. In both cases, it is shown that the effect of random synchronization errors is to reduce the effective input signal power and to introduce an additional self-noise. The effect is minimized when the synchronization error has zero mean and can easily be evaluated in terms of circuit parameters.     

基于加权多元线性回归的两步式时间同步算法

时间同步在通信、计算机、测控等网络中是一项重要技术。针对目标时钟在多同步源时的时间同步问题,从统计学中参数估计的角度建模,提出了一种基于WMLR (Weighted Multiple Linear Regression,加权多元线性回归)的两步式时间同步算法。此算法分为粗同步和精同步2个阶段,通过给不同的时间信息加权的方式提高同步精度,并且可以计算不同同步源之间存在的系统误差。结果表明,这一算法通过合理应用来自不同同步源的时间信息,可以提高时间同步的精度及稳定性。由于模型的普遍性,这一基于WMLR的算法也可以应用于其他类似的多源参数估计的场景中。     

Comparison of Bit Synchronization Schemes Using AM and Summed Clocks

This paper considers bit synchronization through the use of a separate clock signal which is either amplitude modulated onto or summed with the data signal. For continuous data transmission, such schemes are known to be inferior, in the sense of efficient use of power, to schemes which derive synchronization directly from the data signal. However, these techniques have application in burst systems such as spacecraft command systems, and in systems where receiver simplicity is more important than power conservation. For systems in which the composite data-clock signal subsequently modulates an RF carrier, it is shown that the summed clock signal performs slightly better than the AM clock signal, and that for both signal types, the optimum allocation of power between data and clock is approximately 9:1.     

GPS-Based Time & Phase Synchronization Processing for Distributed SAR

Distributed synthetic aperture radar (DiSAR), including bi- and multistatic SAR, operates with distinct transmitting and receiving antennas that are mounted on separate platforms. Spatial separation has several operational advantages, such as reduced vulnerability in military applications and increased radar cross section (RCS); which may increase the capability, reliability, and flexibility of future aerospace remote sensing missions. However, in this configuration, there is no cancellation of reference oscillator phase noise as in monostatic cases. There are additional technical problems associated with temporal synchronization of the transmit and receive systems. Therefore, highly accurate time and phase synchronization must be provided. Little work on these challenges has been reported. This paper presents a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based technique for achieving successful time and phase synchronization for DiSAR. This technique offers high-frequency stability. More importantly, residual time synchronization errors may be compensated for with a high-precision range alignment method, and residual phase synchronization errors may be compensated for with a subaperture autofocus algorithm.     

FPGA设计中的亚稳态问题及其预防方法研究

由于在复杂FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列）设计中存在跨时钟域,通常会产生亚稳态现象.为有效地预防和解决该问题,分析FPGA设计中亚稳态的产生机理及其对数字信号处理系统的影响.根据不同的信号同步类型,针对单比特电平信号、脉冲信号和边沿信号,分别给出基于触发器级联的跨时钟域信号同步方法;针对并行信号,提出基于异步FIFO （First In First Out,先进先出队列）和握手协议的跨时钟域同步方法;并通过仿真手段分析信号同步方法的有效性及其适用范围.结果表明：这些方法能够正确有效地完成跨时钟域信号同步,预防可能出现的亚稳态问题,从而提高复杂FPGA设计的可靠性和稳定性.     

控制方向未知分数阶混沌系统的 Nussbaum增益同步 吴梅 1,程继红2,余名哲 4,张友安3

文章将 Nussbaum增益控制引入分数阶混沌系统,解决了分数阶混沌系统在存在控制方向未知情况下的同步控制问题。首先,选取了一类稳定的分数阶积分滑模面。然后,结合整数阶 Nussbaum增益控制方法与滑模变结构控制理论,设计了一种 Nussbaum增益同步控制器。最后,作为例子,实现了分数阶 Chen系统和分数阶 R.ssler系统在控制系数未知时的混沌同步控制,数值仿真验证了文中方法的正确性和有效性。     

多机仿真系统中若干问题的解决方案

提出了多机仿真系统中需要解决的几个问题;在流程控制、台位之间时间同步、多机通信、调试联网程序方面给出了行之有效的解决方案。这些方案在实际应用中都取得了很好的效果,其中多机仿真系统流程控制和时间同步的解决方案可以直接用于同类系统的开发,搭建调试模块的思想对于调试复杂系统具有指导意义。