低雷诺数亚声速扩压平面叶栅试验

采用试验方法研究了某亚声速扩压叶型叶片表面和尾迹区气流在低雷诺数条件下的流动特点,获得了叶型损失系数在不同雷诺数情况下的变化规律.试验结果表明:随着低雷诺数降低,叶片表面马赫数分布以及叶栅尾迹区流动均发生剧烈的变化,叶型损失系数也急剧增大;叶型性能变化的转折雷诺数随进口马赫数增大而增大;低雷诺数下叶片吸力面的流动分离是引起叶栅尾迹特性改变和损失系数迅速增大的主要原因.      

重型燃气轮机高雷诺数CDA叶型转捩特性数值计算

为研究重型燃气轮机的压气机叶片在高雷诺数工况下的气动性能,基于Gamma-Theta转捩模型的雷诺时均方程对某可 控扩散叶型进行了数值计算。通过对比不控制马赫数与控制马赫数,分析高雷诺数对可控扩散叶型气动性能及转捩特性的影响。 结果表明：在不控制马赫数条件下,在零攻角时,雷诺数从7×10 5 增大为9×10 5 ,总压损失增加了约391.95%;在高雷诺数工况下随 着雷诺数的增大,叶片流动损失不断增大,叶片可用攻角范围减小,同时在叶片吸力面出现激波,干扰转捩的产生。在控制马赫数 条件下,当Ma=0.6时,在零攻角工况下,雷诺数从8.2×10 5 增大为1×10 7 ,总压损失减小了约38.98%,吸力面转捩起始点从4.78%弦 长处前移至1.11%弦长处;在高雷诺数工况下,叶片流动损失随着雷诺数的增大不断减小,吸力面转捩位置前移。     

可控扩散叶型与双圆弧叶型实验对比研究

为对比不同压气机叶型的流动特征,在高亚声速平面叶栅风洞内对相同设计速度三角形的可控扩散叶型和双圆弧叶型进行了平面叶栅实验,对两套叶型的表面马赫数、尾迹总压等参数分布进行了测量。实验结果表明:设计点可控扩散叶型总压损失比双圆弧叶型小近1倍,出口气流角小2.0°;在吸力面气流分离前,出口气流角随攻角和马赫数变化小于1.0°,尾迹核心区位置保持不变;双圆弧叶型吸力面近尾缘存在一定区域气流分离,受分离区影响,随进口马赫数增加,出口气流角变化达到4°,尾迹核心区移动了近20%栅距。     

叶片表面粗糙度对前弯压气机叶片流动特性影响的试验研究

为了探究叶片表面粗糙度对叶型性能的影响规律,对压气机前弯叶片进行了变雷诺数多攻角工况的叶栅试验。不同粗糙度(Ra=3.0,6.2,12.3)叶片是在轮廓度有所保证的前提下,通过线切割机械加工、喷砂工艺改变表面粗糙度的方式获得。试验结果表明,粗糙度升高确实会诱发层流提前转捩,引起吸力面层流分离泡消失,除此之外,在低雷诺数(Re=9×10~5)下,Ra=3.0与Ra=6.2下叶片表面马赫数分布基本一致,到Ra=12.3时才会较明显表现出叶片吸力面峰值马赫数降低的现象。随着雷诺数升高,叶片表面马赫数分布随粗糙度变化的差异性逐渐显现,但当处于堵塞负攻角i=-6.4°下,粗糙度Ra≥6.2后,叶片性能却维持稳定。另外,粗糙度的增加会降低压力面的粘性损失,升高吸力面的粘性损失及尾迹掺混损失,因此随粗糙度升高,低雷诺数(Re=9×10~5)下总压损失随粗糙度升高呈先增后降的趋势。在高雷诺数(Re≥1.08×10~6),i=2.6°～-2.4°下粗糙度升高会导致损失升高,甚至发生严重的湍流边界层分离。与此同时,发现被研究叶型吸力面前缘(20%弦长前)马赫数分布对粗糙度并不敏感,不会因粗糙度的不同而发生变化。     

轴向超声速通流串列构型弦长比对气动性能影响的数值研究

为避免高马赫数、大攻角来流引发的叶片颤振,将串列叶片技术引入到超声速通流风扇叶栅中,对其进行串列改型及气动性能研究。利用准二维数值模拟,对串列叶片前、后排叶片的弦长比参数进行了详细的对比研究。结果表明：影响气动性能的关键因素是后排叶片进口压力侧激波的落点,在本文研究条件下,随着弦长比的减小总压损失呈减小的趋势,当弦长比由0.99减小到0.43时,设计攻角下,15°折转角叶型总压损失可减小27%,30°折转角叶型总压损失可减小38%。进一步的研究表明,通过减小弦长比可有效控制后排叶片前缘斜激波在相邻叶片吸力侧的落点以实现损失降低,并且这种降低效应在小弯角叶型上比大弯角叶型更容易实现。     

来流湍流度对超高负荷低压涡轮附面层流动控制手段的影响

实验研究了表面粗糙度耦合上游尾迹的流动控制技术,分析了来流湍流度（FSTI）在流动控制过程中对叶片吸力面附面层分离、转捩特性的影响.实验发现:在速度峰值点至分离点之间布置粗糙高度与弦长之比为1.05×10-4的粗糙条带可以在来流湍流度为0.4%与2.2%的低雷诺数范围内降低叶型损失.在雷诺数为85000的状态下,FSTI影响了尾迹通过区、尾迹诱导转捩区及自然转捩区的附面层动量厚度,造成了叶型损失的差异,但FSTI对抑制区的影响较小.      

基于Gurney襟翼的低压涡轮叶栅流动控制实验

研究了在PAK-B低压涡轮叶片压力面尾缘加装不同Gurney襟翼在不同流动状态下对流动的控制影响.结果表明,Gurney襟翼能够有效减小PAK-B叶型失速流动状态下的损失.在进口Re=23 000,Ma=0.021,FSTI=1%状态下,加装高度为1%弦长的圆形襟翼后总压损失系数减小29%左右,气流转折角增大3.12%左右,同时影响使主流流量减少5%左右;该襟翼使吸力面边界层分离及重附的位置延后,使尾迹区减小,从而减少流动损失.      

U型槽对高负荷低压涡轮叶型攻角特性影响

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明:相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.      

Effect of U-grooves on high-lift low pressure turbine profile＇s incidence characteristics

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明：相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.     

一种压气机叶型的可控环量尾缘造型方法

为了提高压气机叶型负荷,提出了一种可控环量尾缘造型方法,该方法对叶型尾缘处弦长2%的区域进行特殊造型,通过改变流动后驻点位置从而提高叶型环量,增加叶型气流转角。在不同马赫数及雷诺数下进行数值模拟得到了一致的结论。数值模拟结果显示:以设计进气角D因子为0.52的叶型为基准叶型,采用可控环量尾缘造型后叶型气流转角可提高21%,同时总压损失基本无变化,部分叶型甚至在气流转角提高的同时总压损失有所降低。而当气流折转角相同时,可控环量尾缘可以比传统尾缘的总压损失更小。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.