带中介轴承双转子系统“可容模态”优化设计及实验

为解决航空发动机双转子系统无法避开临界转速的问题，提高双转子系统容忍振动的能力，根据带中介轴承双转子系统的“可容模态”优化设计方法，以某型带中介轴承双转子发动机相似模型为初始模型进行优化设计，并以此搭建一套双转子实验器系统。通过模态测试、响应测试、连续变转速以及长时间“共振”实验，先后验证了带中介轴承双转子系统的“可容模态”优化设计方法的准确性、有效性、稳定性和可靠性。研究发现，双转子实验器测试结果与计算结果临界转速误差最高3.06%、模态振型误差最高9.6%；工作范围内任意转速下，即使频繁穿越临界转速，振动幅值均不超过50μm；在6阶临界转速处各完成了不少于3790s的“共振”实验，所容忍的不平衡量最大为设计不平衡量的5.2倍，振幅平稳，且可容度评价函数值越高，容忍共振能力越强。实验结果充分验证了带中介轴承双转子系统的“可容模态”优化设计方法是可行的。     

弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器减振实验研究

为研究弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器（ERSFD）的减振效果,建立了可更换不同参数弹性环的转子实验系统,开展了ERSFD的减振效果验证实验,并对实验结果进行了对比和分析。研究结果表明：ERSFD对转子具有较明显的减振作用。供油前后转子系统的各阶临界转速相对变化不超过4.63%,说明ERSFD的油膜不会明显改变转子系统模态。ERSFD的减振效果随着ERSFD的参数变化而变化,并且对转子不同阶模态,减振效果也不同。影响ERSFD减振效果的参数较多,需要进行ERSFD与转子系统的参数优化设计。     

航空发动机转子振动的“热模态”和减振设计

为适应航空发动机变转速变工况下转子动力学设计,提出了航空发动机转子"热模态"的概念.利用两种模型解释了"热模态"的含义,并建立了"热模态"下转子动力学设计的方法.利用支承弹性转子(弹支转子)的临界转速与支承刚性转子(刚支转子)的临界转速之比作为优化参数,对转子进行优化设计,既包含了刚度的作用,也计及了质量的影响.结果表明:若所有"热模态"均在刚支转子的第1阶模态之下,则转子临界转速应尽量小于刚支转子的第1阶临界转速.若第1阶"热模态"在刚支转子第1阶模态之下,而第2阶"热模态"在刚支转子第1阶模态之上,但在刚支转子第2阶模态之下,则转子第2阶临界转速应取刚支转子第2阶临界转速和刚支转子第1阶临界转速之方均根值.除此之外,转子剩余不平衡量的分布应与刚支转子的模态正交.      

挤压式磁流变液阻尼器—转子系统的振动控制试验

以小型航空发动机的转子和支承结构为设计参考,设计和制造了一种支承在挤压式磁流变液阻尼器上的单盘转子系统,并试验研究了在不同控制电流条件下系统的不平衡响应特性。试验发现,磁拉力对一阶临界转速和临界振幅的影响可以忽略;油膜反力可降低转子系统在无阻尼临界转速处的振幅,并使临界转速增加。根据这一特性,提出用开关控制能使阻尼器具有最佳的减振效果。研究表明,挤压式磁流变液阻尼器具有结构简单、控振效果明显、反馈迅速等特点,在高速柔性转子系统的振动控制中极具应用前景。      

支承刚度和轴向位置对某型对转发动机低压转子临界转速的影响

为提供某型对转发动机低压转子临界转速的设计和调整的理论依据,开展了该转子的临界转速随支承刚度和轴向位置变化规律的研究.以该转子为研究对象,采用有限元法建立了转子动力特性的计算模型,基于不同的支承刚度和轴向位置,运用转子动力学分析软件SAMCEF/ROTOR对低压转子的前4阶临界转速进行了系统的计算分析,揭示了低压转子前4阶临界转速随支承刚度和轴向位置的变化规律.结果表明:支承刚度对低压转子的临界转速有显著影响,而支承轴向位置对临界转速的影响较小.     

航空发动机高压转子的结构动力学设计方法

建立了航空发动机高压转子的动力学模型,该模型包含所有的结构动力学设计参数,揭示了设计参数与转子振动特性间的关系,提出了转子临界转速界值的估计方法,并予以理论证明.建立了分别基于两阶临界响应的支承刚度设计准则.发现了转子参数临界转速现象,在参数临界转速处,阻尼器将失去阻尼作用,振动趋于无穷大;给出了参数临界转速出现的条件,上述的结论对于航空发动机高压转子的设计具有重要的指导意义.     

航空发动机转子挤压油膜阻尼器设计方法

将挤压油膜阻尼器设计与转子动力学设计相结合,建立了航空发动机转子挤压油膜阻尼器设计方法和设计流程.转子参数为转子阻尼、临界转速配置、最大不平衡量、转子振动峰值,以及支承外传力等,挤压油膜阻尼器设计参数为轴颈偏心率、油膜半径间隙、油膜长度和鼠笼刚度.设计目标是控制转子临界峰值和支承外传力.其中转子阻尼与最大不平衡量为挤压油膜阻尼器设计的关键参数.利用一实验器,对该设计方法进行了数值仿真和实验验证,结果表明:转子振动响应临界峰值减振比例可达60%以上,说明所建立的设计方法是正确有效的,可为挤压油膜阻尼器设计提供指导.      

碰摩约束下柔性转子模态特性及其计算方法

以航空发动机低压（LP）转子为代表的柔性转子,通常具有两端大质量、细长轴和长跨度支承的"弱刚度"结构力学特征,这使得碰摩产生的约束作用不可忽视,其将会导致柔性转子模态特性改变,进而造成临界转速等动力学目标偏于设计状态。本文以典型航空发动机低压柔性转子为对象,结合梁单元法提出了此类复杂转子在碰摩约束下的动力学建模方法;将谐波平衡思想与频域的自由度缩减技术结合,提出了相适用的非线性模态求解方法;在此之上基于ANSYS和MATLAB平台,建立了含碰摩约束的复杂转子非线性模态分析的一般流程。将方法应用到某型柔性转子系统,成功获得其模态特性,结果表明：碰摩约束使转子模态频率增加,且随转子振幅增加而增加,尤其是对风扇碰摩较为敏感的一阶弯曲模态,正/反进动模态频率变化率可达16%和29%,但模态频率的变化始终在特定区间内;碰摩对转子模态频率的影响程度与陀螺效应、转子振型及机匣刚度密切相关,但对摩擦系数不敏感。由于接触点处摩擦力做功影响,柔性转子各阶反进动模态阻尼在碰摩严重时小于0,反进动模态能发生失稳。     

轴段可调节式双转子结构动力特性模拟试验台设计与优化

为了解航空发动机双转子的动力学特性，搭建了轴段可调节式双转子结构动力特性模拟试验台，其主要包括高速电机、 低压转子、高压转子、模拟盘、支架、齿轮箱、基座等。采用有限元法和变换哈默斯利算法相结合的联合仿真方法，对试验台进行了 临界转速的计算及优化；计算了双转子系统的稳态不平衡响应，分析了临界转速变化对转子系统振动特性的影响。结果表明：优 化后试验台前4阶临界转速与原型机实测临界转速的误差在5%以内，试验台能较好的模拟原型机动力学特性；优化后各轴承处 最大响应幅值中的最大值明显减小，试验台具有良好的振动特性。     

齿轮传动风扇发动机转子系统结构与动力学分析

考虑齿轮传动风扇发动机(GTF)风扇转子与低压转子的耦合关系,提出了转子系统简化整体模型,针对该模型给出了GTF发动机转子系统的临界转速计算方法.揭示了整体模型与单转子模型临界转速计算结果的差异,以及典型力学特征参数对GTF转子系统临界转速与模态特征的影响.计算结果表明:相比考虑耦合关系的整体模型,将风扇转子与低压转子分开计算会导致转子系统固有频率值偏移及部分临界转速丢失;齿轮箱安装支承刚度增大会使得系统临界转速上升,保持安装刚度大小在106N/m量级以下可使系统动力特性较优;传扭轴段刚度与齿轮径向啮合刚度对系统动力特性影响较小.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.