多指标约束下考虑报废的可修复备件携行方案优化

针对任务期间普遍存在的故障件报废和备件多指标约束问题,提出了多层级装备的可用度近似评估方法及携行备件方案优化方法。首先通过忽略维修时间将考虑报废率的多层级可修件转化为单层级消耗件,进而利用伽马分布的可加性建立装备可用度评估模型。在此基础上以装备可用度、备件总质量为约束指标,以备件总体积最低为目标构建多约束备件优化模型。模型求解过程中引入拉格朗日因子,并采用边际算法对约束因子进行动态调整。算例中通过与仿真结果的对比、分析得出：当维修时间取值在部件等效平均寿命的一半以内时,提出的近似方法合理可行,平均误差小于5%。     

基于BDD的航天测控系统任务可靠性分析

针对航天测控系统任务可靠性分析问题,提出了基于二值决策图（BDD）的航天测控系统任务可靠性分析模型和算法。将航天测控系统视为一个多阶段任务系统,采用任务剖面描述任务时序逻辑关系。根据各阶段的可靠性逻辑结构建立了单阶段的BDD,依次对各阶段的BDD进行运算得到系统的BDD,据此计算系统的可靠度。最后给出了一个算例,验证了算法的有效性。     

Configurationmodelofpartial repairablesparesunder batch ordering policy based on inventory state

Rational planning of spares configuration project is an effective approach to improve equipment availability as well as reduce life cycle cost （LCC）. With an analysis of various impacts on support system, the spares demand rate forecast model is constructed. According to systemic analysis method, spares support effectiveness evaluation indicators system is built, and then, initial spares configuration and optimization method is researched. To the issue of discarding and con-sumption for incomplete repairable items, its expected backorders function is approximated by Laplace demand distribution. Combining the （s-1, s） and （R, Q） inventory policy, the spares resup-ply model is established under the batch ordering policy based on inventory state, and the optimi-zation analysis flow for spares configuration is proposed. Through application on shipborne equipment spares configuration, the given scenarios are analyzed under two constraint targets：one is the support effectiveness, and the other is the spares cost. Analysis reveals that the result is consistent with practical regulation;therefore, the model＇s correctness, method＇s validity as well as optimization project＇s rationality are proved to a certain extent.     

任务期间考虑故障件报废无补给下的多级装备可用度评估

针对任务期间普遍存在的故障件报废问题,提出了一种适用于多等级多层级航空装备的可用度近似评估方法。首先通过忽略维修和运输时间将存在报废率的可修件等效为消耗件,然后分别通过后方保障中心对飞行基地备件量的分配以及下层级部件对上层级部件备件量的折算,将多等级多层级备件模型转化为单等级单层级模型,最后利用伽马分布的可加性得到整个保障系统的装备可用度。在实际算例中,通过与仿真结果的对比得出:当维修和运输时间较小或飞行基地备件配置充足时,本文提出的近似评估方法具有较高的精度。     

基于航材保障工程的初始航材推荐清单研究

航材保障是航空公司成本控制最为重要的方面之一,合理的航材保障水平可以降低采购成本、减少库存,从而提高航空公司的综合竞争力。从工程实际应用出发,介绍了航材保障工程的重要意义,基于新机型初始运营的特殊需求,着重探讨了初始航材推荐清单编制的一般方法,并通过具体实例验证了该编制方法的有效性和实用性,可用于指导航空公司初始航材保障工程。     

基于备件保障概率的多级库存优化模型

 理想的备件配置方案应该通过费用和优化目标之间的综合权衡得出,在传统的多级库存优化模型中常以使用可用度、等待备件时间等参数作为备件库存优化目标,但国内型号研制部门和使用部门在制定备件库存方案时通常以备件保障概率作为优化目标确定备件库存方案。为解决上述问题,首先分析了备件消耗与补给行为;然后,构建了以备件保障概率为目标的多级库存优化模型并对目标函数特性进行分析;其次,基于拉格朗日乘子法原理给出了多级库存计算与优化流程;最后,应用研究结论进行多级库存备件需求量预测,并用商用软件对预测结果进行分析,验证了优化模型的可信性。     

Using PoF models to predict system reliability considering failure collaboration

Existing Physics-of-Failure-based (PoF-based) system reliability prediction methods are grounded on the independence assumption, which overlooks the dependency among the compo-nents. In this paper, a new type of dependency, referred to as failure collaboration, is introduced and considered in reliability predictions. A PoF-based model is developed to describe the failure behavior of systems subject to failure collaboration. Based on the developed model, the Bisection-based Reliability Analysis Method (BRAM) is exploited to calculate the system reliabil-ity. The developed methods are applied to predicting the reliability of a Hydraulic Servo Actuator (HSA). The results demonstrate that the developed methods outperform the traditional PoF-based reliability prediction methods when applied to systems subject to failure collaboration.     

基于OBDD的可修航天测控系统任务可靠性分析

基于顺序二元决策图(OBDD)理论,针对航天测控系统(TT&C系统)特点定义了新的OBDD数据结构,提出了一种考虑设备可修的TT&C系统任务可靠性分析方法.通过将各测控站的时间窗口划分为不同阶段,分析各阶段内设备逻辑关系并构建阶段OBDD模型,然后将所有阶段OBDD模型合并为最终的任务OBDD模型.采用连续时间Markov链(CTMC)分析可修设备的状态转移行为,基于新的OBDD数据结构给出了任务可靠性计算算法.与Markov方法和仿真方法的对比分析结果表明:所提出的方法能够精确计算设备可修的TT&C系统任务可靠性,设备数量多于30个时算法效率高于Markov方法.      

多余度飞控计算机系统分级组合可靠性建模方法

系统可靠性是决定飞机飞控计算机系统(FCCS)体系结构选型的重要依据,可靠性建模技术(SRMT)是定量评价系统可靠性的关键。目前有可靠性框图(RBD)、故障树分析(FTA)、Markov随机过程和Petri网等多种系统可靠性建模方法,由于求解的途径不同,各种方法都具有优缺点。文章综合静态和动态系统可靠性建模方法特点,提出一种分类划分和分级组合的系统可靠性建模(HCRM)方法,并用该方法对Boe-ing777飞机非相似余度FCCS进行了可靠性建模。与传统方法比较,该方法将基于状态的可靠性建模方法和非状态可靠性建模方法进行组合,并基于系统静态和动态特性分级建模和求解,在一定程度上化解了复杂系统可靠性建模的复杂度和求解难度,使系统可靠性模型更加精细和符合实际系统。     

飞机战伤备件需求量确定方法

发展了一种飞机战伤备件需求量预测的理论方法。首先分析了飞机基本功能项目的损伤级别,讨论其对飞机存在状态的影响,总结出战伤备件的类型为遭受非致命损伤的飞机基本功能项目。然后,分析飞机存在状态以及对应的备件需求向量,提出飞机一次出动备件的需求概率为飞机基本功能项目损伤且飞机生存的联合概率。最后,运用马尔可夫链法,解决了战伤备件需求概率的计算问题,得到了基于二项分布的战伤备件需求量。算例和结果分析表明该方法合理、可行,对科学地确定飞机战伤备件数量具有指导意义。     

航空发动机双余度智能位置控制器设计

针对航空发动机工作环境的复杂性与其高可靠性要求，利用软件和硬件冗余的方法，提出了一种由DSP和双口RAM构成的基于CAN总线的双余度智能位置控制器。该位置控制器适用于航空发动机分布式控制系统，由两条通道互为监控备份，可靠性大为提高。实验证明，该控制器能够较好的实现对电液伺服阀-作动简组合的位置控制，故障时能正确切换与报警。     

VIDEQUAL. A tool for quantitative measurement of fixed CCTVsurveillance systems

A range of specified measurements is now being regularly used as part of the specification and commissioning requirements for CCTV systems, As a result of this increased activity during commissioning it has been noted that the time and effort required is extensive. Also there are still a number of subjective observations which must be made, To build on this work it is proposed to develop an automated measurement system which will utilise measured video signal parameters as a means of defining system performance     

High Power Needs for Commercial Satellites

This overview paper presents estimates of the photovoltaic power systems needed on commercial communications spacecraft in the year 2000. These are developed in the form of power requirements based on extrapolation of the historical growth in communications traffic and are about 5 to 15 kW. The paper also addresses the key technology drivers in these photovoltaic systems. The importance of reducing mass in the power system is described in terms of the tradeoff with communications systems mass to maximize communications revenue. It surveys solar array components and subsystems to meet these future requirements and attempts to identify the development candidates with a large payoff potential and a high probability of successful development.     

Who is who in Algol-land ? - Part II -

In part I (De Greve and Packet) we have investigated the occurrence of reversed phases of mass-transfer during Case A evolution in close binaries. If the initial period of a system is shorter than 1–2 days (Early Case A) the reversed phase starts before core hydrogen exhaustion of the gainer (part I). This type of evolution is characterized by at least two phases of slow mass-transfer. We have computed the evolution of four Early Case A systems with initial masses of the loser equal to 3 Mo and 5 Mo. These four systems start mass-exchange when Xc of the primary has decreased to 0.525 (75% of its initial value). They all experience two phases of slow mass-transfer. We find that both phases have about the same duration for all systems. The mass ratios are clearly distinct, being closer to unity during the first phase. In the Hertzsprung-Russell, mass-radius and mass-luminosity diagrams both components remain close to the main-sequence band during slow mass-transfer. Evolution as an Algol is ended when both components overflow their outer critical surface after a second reversal of the mass-transfer. Observed Algol systems evolving in Early Case A are scarce. A search thruogh the catalogue by Giuricin et al. gives us the following candidates: X Tri, SX Aur and V Pup. Based on their mass ratios, SX Aur can tentatively be assigned to the first phase of slow mass transfer and X Tri to the second phase. For V Pup (which is more massive) this choice can not be made with certainty.     

基于模式重要度的航空电源系统可靠性估计

针对航空电源系统可靠性分析的需要,研究现有典型系统的结构特点,提出基于模式重要度的系统可靠性估计方法。该方法首先根据航空电源各子系统的组成,采用蒙特卡罗方法对各子系统可靠性进行分析。根据子系统中各部件的模式重要度,建立子系统可靠性估计模型,进而获取并联系统和总系统的可靠性估计模型。该方法结合了蒙特卡罗方法的优势和系统本身的结构特点,既解决了复杂航空电源系统可靠性分析的难题,又克服了单纯采用蒙特卡罗方法对其进行分析时,仿真效率较低的问题。最后,采用所提出的方法对两种类型的电源系统进行仿真分析,并与单纯蒙特卡罗方法仿真分析结果进行比较,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于维修性工程研究方法的航材工程应用

民用航空业的蓬勃发展对民机客户服务工作提出了新的要求,在提供优质产品的同时,如何高效保障机队正常运营成为了当前研究的重点课题。维修工程和航材支援是民机客户服务的重要组成内容,从工程实际应用出发,介绍了航材工程清单的编制流程,基于民机航线可维修性原则,着重探讨了维修性工程研究方法,并通过实例验证了航材推荐清单的有效性和实用性,可满足航材保障的要求。     

基于鲁棒可靠性的不确定系统最优二次鲁棒镇定控制器设计

 基于二次稳定性准则,从可靠性这一新的角度考虑不确定系统的稳定性问题,提出了基于鲁棒可靠性的不确定系统鲁棒镇定控制器设计方法,将鲁棒控制器设计归结为基于可靠性的优化问题：以鲁棒可靠度为约束,极小化控制代价。依据该法设计的控制系统可满足稳定性意义上的鲁棒可靠性要求,并给出保证系统稳定性所要求的基本参数的最大鲁棒界限。适用于不确定参数的摄动范围准确已知和未知等情况。对F4E型战斗机的稳定控制器设计及对比研究表明了所提方法是实用、有效和可行的。     

Who is who in Algol-land ? - Part II -

In part I (De Greve and Packet) we have investigated the occurrence of reversed phases of mass-transfer during Case A evolution in close binaries. If the initial period of a system is shorter than 1–2 days (Early Case A) the reversed phase starts before core hydrogen exhaustion of the gainer (part I). This type of evolution is characterized by at least two phases of slow mass-transfer.We have computed the evolution of four Early Case A systems with initial masses of the loser equal to 3 Mo and 5 Mo. These four systems start mass-exchange when Xc of the primary has decreased to 0.525 (75% of its initial value). They all experience two phases of slow mass-transfer.We find that both phases have about the same duration for all systems. The mass ratios are clearly distinct, being closer to unity during the first phase. In the Hertzsprung-Russell, mass-radius and mass-luminosity diagrams both components remain close to the main-sequence band during slow mass-transfer. Evolution as an Algol is ended when both components overflow their outer critical surface after a second reversal of the mass-transfer.Observed Algol systems evolving in Early Case A are scarce. A search thruogh the catalogue by Giuricin et al. gives us the following candidates: X Tri, SX Aur and V Pup. Based on their mass ratios, SX Aur can tentatively be assigned to the first phase of slow mass transfer and X Tri to the second phase. For V Pup (which is more massive) this choice can not be made with certainty.     

我国空间站运行的测控通信工作模式初探

在分析我国载人空间站在轨运行的任务特点和对测控通信提出的新要求的基础上,对测控通信工作模式进行了探讨。针对任务中心,采用分布式模式进行任务的组织和实施,建立常态化工作体系;针对测控通信资源的使用,对资源进行简化、优化,发挥天、地基各自优势,并实现天地基资源统一调度;针对在轨故障诊断和应急处置,提出了“天地联合,以地为主”的载人航天故障诊断模式和实现途径;针对空间站遥操作需求,提出了一套工作模式和实施流程;针对测控通信长期执行任务的可靠性,提出了任务中心容灾备份工作模式和通信路由的备份模式。以期为后续任务工作模式设计提供参考。     

基于人因工程视角的民机驾驶舱告警系统研究综述

为研究现代民机驾驶舱告警系统的发展历程及应用现状,通过文献综述,以人因工程学为视角,结合事故调查分析、国内外民机驾驶舱告警系统应用进展,了解民机驾驶舱告警系统功能、告警方式和告警类别,总结国内外驾驶舱告警系统概况,分析民机驾驶舱告警系统现存问题。基于驾驶舱告警的适航管理规章要求和机组在飞行任务中的认知需求,探究驾驶舱告警系统的设计需求。结合人因工程领域的研究进展,提出驾驶舱告警系统的改进方向和发展趋势,即民机告警系统设计的及时性和可靠性还存在一定改进空间,驾驶舱告警系统整体结构的设计必须要突出重点,注重自主化及个性化设计,必要时考虑驾驶舱触觉感知的融合,旨在为后续告警系统的总体设计及优化提供参考。