含侧喷流弹丸三维绕流干扰流场数值分析

从全Navier-Stokes方程出发，应用三维隐式有限体积TVD格式，在超声速和零攻角条件下，分别对无侧喷流和含侧喷流的低阻远程弹丸三维粘性绕流流场进行了数值模拟，为避免分区计算而用代数方法生成了弹丸绕流场O型网络，计算结果得到了清晰的流场波系结构，并从流场波系结构、弹体和弹底表面压力分布等角度将两者进行了对比与分析，表明侧喷流不仅提供增程推力，而且改变了弹丸阻力特性，其结果可用于研究弹丸的火箭增程技术。     

尖拱弹身横向喷流数值模拟

本文通过数值求解层流Navier—Stakes方程来模拟超声速流场中横向超声速喷流的干扰流场，采用分块对接网格和“O”型网格技术，精确模拟喷口截面形状并生成高质量的贴体计算网格，对尖拱弹身的横向超声速喷流的干扰流场进行了数值模拟，研究了喷口附近的流场结构、涡系结构、波系结构及流动分离等流场特性，得到喷流流场的干扰效应，计算结果与实验值吻合较好。     

超声速侧向多喷流干扰特性数值模拟

为了研究多个喷流喷管对导弹控制力的干扰影响,本文通过数值求解N-S方程来模拟超声速外流场中横向喷流的干扰流场,采用分块对接网格和"O"型网格技术,精确模拟喷口截面及弹翼形状,生成高质量的贴体计算网格。通过对多种喷管控制组合的超声速横向喷流干扰流场的数值模拟,研究和分析了喷口附近流场的涡系结构和波系结构,并将喷管几种排列组合对导弹喷流干扰力放大因子的影响进行了分析研究,得出一些多喷流干扰的结论。     

超声速底部喷流干扰流场数值模拟

数值模拟了不同马赫数,不同喷流压比下的轴对称超声速底部喷流干扰流场,采用LU隐式算法进行数值求解并引入了Baldwin-Lomax代数湍流模型.采用分区网格将弹身与底部区域合为一个整体进行计算,得到了清晰的流场结构和弹体表面及底部的压力分布,并与试验结果进行了比较.数值模拟结果表明超声速底部喷流干扰流场结构复杂,有、无喷流时底部流场有很大不同, 喷流对底压分布有明显影响,进而对轴向力系数影响显著.     

超声速和高超声速横向喷流数值模拟

为了解横向喷流的干扰影响和喷口附近的流场结构,采用分块对接网格和“0”型网格技术,数值求解N—S方程来模拟超声速和高超声速流场中横向喷流的干扰流场。对两种尖拱弹身外形的超声速和高超声速喷流干扰流场进行了数值计算,计算结果与风洞实验数据吻合一致。在此基础上,开展了某型导弹多喷构型干扰流场的数值模拟,得出一些横向喷流数值模拟的结论。     

带有横喷控制的导弹流场数值模拟

从包含多种组分的N-S方程出发，考虑两方程湍流模型，采用NND2M差分格式，对带有横向喷流的双锥旋称体高超声速绕流场进行数值模拟，计算结果与已有的试验数据进行对比，符合较好。在此基础上对带有横向喷流控制系统、型尾翼布局、高超声速飞行的导弹外流场进行数值模拟，研究了迎角、多个喷口、热喷流效应和湍流模型对气动力特性的影响；计算表明在无尾翼情况下有／喷流的气动力差别较小，喷流影响随迎角变化不敏感；对带有尾翼的气动布局，喷口位于背风区时喷流影响较小，喷口位于迎风面时气动力变化较大，压心明显前移；多喷口产生的附加推力和力矩不等于每个单喷口线性相加；湍流模型和热喷流效应引起流场结构改变，但是对总的气动力影响不大。     

超声速/高超声速来流中侧向喷流干扰流场数值模拟

针对姿态控制系统采用侧向喷流的小型固体运载火箭,开展超声速/高超声速来流中侧向喷流干扰流场数值模拟研究.通过数值求解三维可压缩Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,模拟了侧向喷流干扰流场,分析了干扰流场结构,研究了攻角、高度、马赫数、侧喷发动机真空推力、喷口形状等因素对力/力矩放大因子的影响.研究结果标明,侧向喷流与来流相互作用,使流场结构十分复杂,存在激波、压力平台效应和环绕效应等干扰特性,攻角、高度、侧喷发动机真空推力等因素对力/力矩放大因子均存在不同程度影响.     

侧向喷流数值模拟精度及实验验证研究

对喷流干扰研究中的数值模拟精度进行了讨论,结合相关实验重点分析了不同计算格式、限制器形式、网格拓扑及流动形态(层流与湍流)对喷流干扰流场结构、气动力特性和压力分布特性的影响。在上述研究的基础上,进一步对比分析了计算与实验所得到的有喷与无喷之差及干扰因子之值。研究表明,目前CFD与实验之差主要表现在轴向力和俯仰力矩,法向力、有喷与无喷之差及干扰因子之值计算与实验两者基本一致,出现差别的原因主要是对大细长比弹体后体压力分布模拟存在一定差异。     

增程制导航弹绕流场数值模拟

研究某增程制导航弹绕流场的结构,为气动特性分析和外形改进提供依据。以三维N-S方程为主控方程,引入S-A一方程湍流模型,对某增程制导航弹的绕流场进行了数值模拟,给出了流场图像和气动特性计算结果,并将CFD计算结果与试验结果进行了比较分析。CFD计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,验证了所采用CFD方法的准确性和有效性,数值模拟结果已得到应用。     

超声速横喷干扰湍流场数值模拟

本文探讨了超声速平板横向喷流干扰湍流流场的数值模拟方法。分别采用Roe、Harten-Yee及AUSM 格式对三维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程进行离散,湍流模拟应用Baldwin-Lomax代数模型,讨论了B-L模型中Fy最大值的不同选取方式。分析了数值格式、网格划分对计算结果的影响。将来流马赫数为5、喷流马赫数为3的实验结果与计算结果进行比较,选择了与实验符合较好的数值模拟方法,为进一步利用数值计算方法研究喷流干扰流场特性奠定基础。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.