底部形状对钝锥体模型气动与电磁散射性能的影响

开展了飞行器气动与隐身综合特性数值研究。分别利用时域有限差分法和数值求解N—S方程的方法对飞行器的电磁散射与气动特性进行了数值模拟,研究了钝锥体模型底部形状对其雷达散射截面（RCS）和零升阻力的影响。由数值计算结果可知：合理地改变钝锥体模型底部形状,可以降低模型的RCS。并且,随着椭球体轴的长度或锥体高度的增加,模型的RCS逐渐减小。当飞行马赫数为5．0,高度为20km时,底部形状为椭球体或锥体的模型,随着椭球体轴的长度或锥体高度的增加,模型的零升阻力略有下降。     

电大尺寸目标电磁散射的并行FVTD计算

实际目标的高频电磁散射模拟属于电大尺寸目标电磁计算问题,其高精度数值计算通常伴随着大存储量和大计算量的沉重负担。为保证高精度数值计算,构建了直接求解电磁学麦克斯韦方程组,采用贴体多块结构网格的时域有限体积法(FVTD)解算器。为解决大规模网格带来的大计算量问题,则采用MPI并行编程,进行网格多进程分割、负载平衡以及进程通信设置和程序并行化处理,成功地对电大尺寸飞翼外形进行了L波段双站电磁散射场和雷达截面(RCS)计算。结果表明pmbRCS3d这一并行高精度电磁散射模拟软件具有稳定和鲁棒特性,适合进一步应用于目标更高频段电磁散射计算。     

CFD技术在目标电磁特性计算中的应用

电磁学中麦克斯韦方程组和流体力学中无粘流动欧拉方程一样,都是具有实特征值的双曲型偏微分方程组,相同的数学特性使得计算流体力学(CFD)技术能够在计算电磁学(CEM)中得以应用。采用MUSCL格式结合Steger-Warming分裂计算电磁通量,采用4阶Runge-Kutta法计算非定常时间推进,借鉴CFD方法计算电磁场边界条件;采用时域有限体积法(FVTD)数值模拟宽带脉冲波、完全导电体、含吸波材料涂层介质/金属混合体以及复杂外形目标的电磁散射。结果表明:基于CFD的FVTD方法能够高精度地计算目标的电磁特性。     

基于部分正交多项式的飞行器RCS计算代理模型研究

对于电大尺寸目标,利用目前的电磁散射特性数值计算方法来计算其RCS时,计算复杂度较高,无法有效地应用于优化设计。因此研究并构造了基于部分正交多项式的飞行器RCS计算代理模型。算例表明所构造的代理模型精度满足工程设计要求。     

超高速模型及其等离子体鞘套RCS特性研究(英文)

为了研究等离子体对超高速模型雷达散射截面的影响,利用气动物理靶测量超高速模型及其绕流的雷达散射截面(RCS),给出了雷达接收信号、信号频谱和模型雷达散射截面的一维距离像。利用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)分析了等离子体鞘套对模型电磁散射特性的影响。将数值模拟结果和试验结果进行了对比,对比结果显示二者符合得很好。数值模拟结果还表明雷达入射角小角度偏移对测量结果有较大影响。     

单端开口复杂终端腔体RCS算法研究

在对比分析常用腔体散射的研究方法优缺点基础上,分析了腔体散射具有散射强度高、散射角度宽、高频散射等特征,亟待解决对电大尺寸复杂终端腔体的精确数学模型处理及计算精度问题。基于以矩量法(MOM)为基础的三维电磁分析软件FEKO,分别采用低频数值算法、高频近似算法开展了对文献单端开口复杂终端模型的雷达截面积(RCS)对比计算研究,得出在综合考虑计算精度、效率时,由矩量法改进而来的多层快速多极子法(MLFMM)在电大尺寸复杂终端腔体电磁散射特性研究中具有较大优势。     

导热-辐射耦合传热的多尺度分析和数值模型

复合材料高温传热特性的准确预测对飞行器热防护结构的设计有重要意义,相关模型也是国家数值风洞工程中多相多介质计算模型的重要组成部分。针对周期性结构复合材料的高温传热问题,利用多尺度渐进分析方法,对包含导热方程和辐射传输方程的导热-辐射耦合传热模型开展了研究。建立了表征单元尺度模型及宏观平均导热-辐射耦合传热模型,获得了材料宏观等效导热系数与表征单元模型间的关系,发现宏观等效辐射吸收和散射等系数可通过表征单元内的体积平均求取。结合有限容积方法与格子Boltzmann方法,建立了复合材料导热-辐射耦合传热多尺度数值模型。采用二维常物性材料传热过程的模拟验证了多尺度模型的有效性,结果表明所建立的多尺度模型能够对温度场给出准确高效的计算结果。该方法有助于为复合材料传热特性的预测提供数值手段。     

CFD技术在带动力飞机气动设计中的应用

应用数值模拟的方法,研究了飞机带动力发动机的流场模拟,基于此计算分析了其性能特性.采用基于雷诺时均的N-S方程,动力方程中的雷诺应力通过SST二方程湍流模型和自动壁面处理计算;同时,采用守恒隐式有限体积法.离散方程使用有限高精度对流程序类似于Barth和Jesperson进行计算.质量流动通过Rhie和Chow算法压力-速度耦合进行计算.     

电弧风洞高焓流场模拟与气动热校核研究

为了在电弧风洞更好地开展高超声速飞行器防热材料或结构热考核试验,基于有限体积离散,建立了针对电弧风洞高焓试验状态的多组分热化学非平衡流场数值模拟方法。针对中国空气动力研究与发展中心20MW电弧风洞不同试验模型的高焓流场进行了模拟,获得了试验状态的流场特性和模型表面热流分布,通过与试验测量值比较验证了计算方法。研究发现在喷管出口和试验模型之间的轴向距离很近的情况下,可以采用喷管流场和模型绕流分开模拟。通过对比数值模拟方法中的热化学模型,表明采用Gupta 7组分和5组分空气化学反应数据获得的模型表面热流非常接近,同时相比单温度模型结果,双温度模型结果与试验测量结果更接近。比较了多个状态条件下计算和试验测量获得的试验模型表面热流,发现二者相差都在15%以内,验证了建立的数值方法模拟该风洞高焓流场的可靠性。     

开槽钝锥体及等离子体鞘套的RCS特性研究

采用时域有限差分（FDTD）方法研究了等离子体鞘套包覆目标的电磁散射特性,发展了超高速飞行器及其等离子体鞘套RCS特性并行计算软件。采用发展的软件完成了超高速开槽钝锥后向远区时域特性和0°入射角附近的电磁散射截面积（RCS）的计算分析,并在中国空气动力研究与发展中心的气动物理靶上进行了超高速开槽钝锥体的RCS验证试验。研究表明：在钝锥体表面开环槽并填充透波性能良好的介质材料相当于在钝锥体表面人为地增加了一个散射中心;在低频区和谐振区,开槽后钝锥体的RCS在原值周围变化,而在高频区,钝锥体的RCS在0°入射角附近很宽的范围内均显著增大。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.