V,Al对Nb-Si系超高温结构材料抗氧化性能的影响

采用真空非自耗电弧炉制备了Nb-22Ti-12Si三元以及三种不同V,Al含量的Nb.Ti-Si-V-Al五元Nb-Si合金,研究了四种合金铸态显微组织和1250℃的抗氧化性能.结果表明:V,Al的加入促进了反应Nb3Si→Nb Nb Nb5Si3,使合金相组成由Nb Nb3Si转变成为Nb Nb5Si3,从而增加了合金中Nb相体积分数;合金的抗氧化性能随V,Al含量的增加而提高;V,Al的加入使合金氧化皮结构发生了转变,生成了较为致密的氧化皮,降低了合金的氧化速率,减少了合金氧化皮的剥落和金属氧化损失量.Nb-21.9 Ti-11.9Si-4.4V-4.1Al经过1250℃/50h氧化后金属损失厚度仅为0.1mm.     

合金化及热处理对Fe_3Al合金组织和性能影响

研究了不同的热处理条件及添加Mn,Mo,Nb,Cr,V,RE（La-Ce）等合金元素对Fe3Al合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Fe3Al合金在B2相区间保温淬火后的硬度值较小,在DO3相区短时间回火硬度值大幅增加,随回火时间延长硬度值呈降低趋势,在本实验的最长回火时间内（50h）硬度稍有提高;TEM分析表明,这与回火过程中DO3畴的尺寸变化有关;合金化后Cr和V的加入降低合金硬度,其它几种元素都提高了合金的硬度;SEM分析表明合金元素的作用机理不同：Cr软化了合金,Mo主要产生固溶强化,Mn、V、Nb加入后有第二相析出,RE元素主要偏析在晶界,细晶强化。     

稀土Y对Ti-23Al-25Nb合金显微组织的影响

采用OM,XRD,XRF,SEM,EPMA,TEM等分析手段研究了稀土Y对Ti-23Al-25Nb合金显微组织的影响.结果表明:两种合金铸态显微组织均为O相;稀土Y明显细化了Ti-23Al-25Nb合金晶粒尺寸,Ti-23Al-25Nb合金的晶粒尺寸在400～600μm之间,Ti-23Al-25Nb-0.36Y合金的晶粒尺寸在40～100μm之间,细化大约6～8倍.通过Ti-23Al-25Nb-0.36Y合金背散射、各元素线分布和TEM分析发现,稀土Y在Ti-23Al-25Nb合金中以Y2O3的形式存在于晶内和晶界,根据O相形成机制和晶粒细化理论,分析了稀土Y细化O相晶粒的过程.     

Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金室温和高温力学性能的影响

 为了寻求Nb-Si基合金高温强度和室温塑性之间的平衡,设计了以Nb基固溶体相Nb-SS占主导的Nb15W5Si2BxHf(x= 0,5,10,15,原子百分数）合金,研究了Hf元素对Nb15W5Si2B合金的组织、室温和高温压缩性能以及高温蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,Nb15W5Si2B合金由Nb-SS和Nb5Si3两相组成,Nb5Si3相呈网状分布;Hf的加入不改变相组成,但Nb5Si3相由网状分布逐步变成不连续小岛状分布,而且体积分数减少。Hf同时提高Nb15W5Si2B合金的高温静强度和室温塑性,但对Nb15W5Si2B高温压缩蠕变性能不利。最后讨论了Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金强化与塑性化机理。     

IN783合金均匀化处理工艺研究

研究IN783合金显微组织及析出相,测定偏析相的初熔点温度.通过对不同温度、时间均匀化处理后合金试样中Nb元素的偏析程度以及β相的细化情况分析,确定IN783合金均匀化处理工艺.     

铪含量对定向凝固高温合金DZ22偏析行为和力学性能的影响

本文研究了铪含量对定向凝固高温合金DZ22的元素偏析行为和相组织以及中温持久性能的影响。试验结果表明,铪是一个强烈的偏析元素。在DZ22合金中加入铪,使元素的偏析减少,而且改变了Ti,W,Nb,Cr在各相中的相对含量。铪的加入,增加了共晶γ/γ′的体积分数,扩大了凝固范围,改善了合金凝固后期的毛细补缩通道的联系,从而减轻了热裂倾向性。随着铪含量的提高,合金的中温持久性能,特别是中温横向持久性能有所提高。     

TiAl金属间化合物的合金设计及研究现状

分析合金元素对TiAl合金晶体结构及组织性能的影响.采用高合金化(如高Nb,V,Cr,Mn等)引入高温β相,使TiAl合金具有较好的可成形性.添加少量C,B,RE等元素改善TiAl合金组织和性能.介绍热处理及热机械处理控制TiAl合金显微组织的方法.概述TiAl合金成形技术及应用,并分析TiAl合金的发展趋势.     

Nb对富钛TiNiAl金属间化合物强化机制的影响

 采用力学压缩试验、扫描电镜和X射线衍射方法研究了Nb元素对于Ti₅₀Ni₄₂Al₈合金的力学性能和微观组织结构的影响。结果表明，Nb能够显著提高合金从室温到700 ℃之间的强度。在600 ℃时，Ti₅₀Ni₄₀Al₈Nb₂合金的压缩屈服强度和比强度分别为1 237 MPa和216 MPa/(g·cm^-3)，超过Rene95高温合金。微观组织观察及成分分析表明，Nb元素在基体和强化相Ti₂Ni（Al）中固溶，促进强化相的弥散析出和细化，并导致高强富Nb相的析出，从而提高了合金的强度。     

基于热力学计算对GH4169合金的成分设计

利用Thermo-calc热力学计算软件和相应的镍基高温合金数据库,预测了GH4169合金在凝固过程中合金元素在液相中再分配的规律,结果表明,Nb元素在凝固过程中偏析最为严重,Mo,Cr等元素也存在一定程度的偏析。综合分析了主要合金元素对GH4169合金的两相区温度差以及平衡析出相的析出规律,尤其是对强化相γ'以及"黑斑"中的主要组成相δ相析出规律的影响。结果表明,合理调整GH4169合金中的主要合金元素的含量后,可以缩短合金两相区温度差,促进强化相γ'相的析出,同时抑制δ相的析出,从而得到偏析少、性能稳定的GH4169合金。     

微量Sr对Al-Mg-Si合金铸态组织与压缩性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等分析手段,研究了微量sr元素对Al-Mg-Si合金铸态组织与性能的影响.结果表明,在sr的加入量为0.05％时,Mg2Si相已开始细化,尺寸有所减小;在Sr的加入量为0.1％时,初晶Mg2Si相的尺寸明显减小,且分布均匀,形状呈现一定的块粒状,但其棱角还很明显;而在Sr元素量进一步加大时,合金中初晶Mg2Si相的尺寸开始变大,Mg2 Si相聚集长大.加入Sr后合金的抗压强度呈现降低的趋势.     

Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of NiTiNb Shape Memory Alloys

NiTiNb shape memory alloys have attracted much attention in pipe coupling or sealing system because of their large transformation hysteresis upon a proper pre-deformation. In order to clarify the effects of adding Nb on the mechanical properties as well as the transformation behavior of NiTiNb shape memory alloys, Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys with different microstructures but with similar martensitic transformation start temperature, are prepared. Comparative studies on the microstructures, mechanical properties and transformation characteristics are conducted by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), phase transformation measurements and mechanical property tests. It is found that Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys possess similar transformation hysteresis in the as-annealed state. However, the presence of Nb and its status exerts important effects on the mechanical properties, especially the yield strength and the yield behavior of the alloys. Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloy exhibits remarkable increase in the yield strength than the Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ alloy. The transformation hysteresis of both alloys under pre-deformation is characterized and the relative mechanism is discussed.     

Effects of Nb Content on Yield Strength of NiTiNb Alloys in Martensite State

Two near single-phase NiTiNb alloys—Ni₅₀Ti₄₈Nb₂ and Ni_49.5Ti_46.5Nb₄—are prepared and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests in order to unearth the effects of Nb-atom solid solution in NiTi phase on the yield strength induced by self-accommodation of martensite variants. The results show that the yield strength of near single-phase NiTiNb alloys varies inversely with the amount of Nb-atoms solid-dissolved in NiTi phase. From the results out of the prior and current studies, it can be surmised that the effects of Nb content on the yield strength of NiTiNb alloys in martensite state depend on the coaction. Nb solid solution weakening mechanism and β-Nb phase composite strengthening mechanism. This inference might be a satisfactory explanation to the fact that the yield strength of (NiTi)_50–0.5xNb_x alloys in martensite state begins with decline and then rises when the Nb content increases.     

Phase Transformation and Microstructure of Ti50Ni48-xFe2Ndx Shape Memory Alloys

The influences of rare earth element Nd on the phase transformation and the microstructure of Ti₅₀Ni_48−xFe₂Nd_x shape memory alloys are investigated by means of electrical resistivity, optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that TiNiFe alloys with different Nd contents exhibit two-step martensitic transformation. The start temperature of martensitic transformation increases sharply from 212 K to 267 K when 0.1 at.% Nd is added in, and then decreases gradually if Nd content further increases. The microstructure of TiNiFeNd quaternary alloys consists of TiNi matrix, Ti₂Ni second phase, and Nd₃Ni intermetallic compound. The spherical Nd₃Ni precipitate-particles evenly disperse in the matrix.     

热轧对Ti50Ni50-xAlx(x=1,2,4)形状记忆合金微观组织、相变和力学性能的影响

形状记忆合金的相变和力学性能受机械加工过程影响明显.在850℃下将Ti50Ni50-xAIx(x=1,2,4)形状记忆合金轧制成为板材.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射对合金的微观结构研究表明:合金由NiTi相和Ti2Ni相组成,Al元素在Ti2Ni相中的固溶度比在TiNi相中高.差示扫描量热分析和电阻-温度测试表明...     

Al含量对空心阴极等离子烧结Ti/Ni等原子比TiNiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

 采用空心阴极等离子烧结工艺制备了Ti/Ni等原子比的Ti_50-x/2Ni_50-x/2Al_x(x=0,3,6,9)合金,研究了Al含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:未添加铝的合金微观组织主要由NiTi基体、强化相Ti₂Ni、Ni₃Ti及孔隙组成;随着Al含量的提高,合金中Ti₂Ni(Al)数量不断增多,孔隙数量和孔径不断增加,Ni₃Ti(Al)数量不断减少,在Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉中还生成了少量Ni₂TiAl相;合金的抗弯强度随Al含量的提高而增加,并在Al含量为6%时达到最大值296.3 MPa;合金的硬度随铝含量的提高而增加,Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉的硬度值为295.6 HV。     

NiTiAl Intermetallic Alloys Strengthened by Mo Replacement

 NiTiAl based alloys have attracted attention as potential high temperature structural materials. Alloying is an effective way to improve their mechanical properties. The microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni₅₀Ti_44-xAl₆Mo_x (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 3) alloys have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron mi-croscope (TEM) and compressive tests. It is found that Ni₅₀Ti_44-xAl₆Mo_x alloy is composed of NiTi (B2) and Ti₂Ni (FCC) phases when Mo content is no more than 1 at%. The effect of Mo solid solution hardening at room temperature has been indi-cated by the rise of yield strength and the fall of plasticity with increasing Mo content. For Ni₅₀Ti_42.5Al₆Mo_1.5 and Ni₅₀Ti₄₁Al₆Mo₃ alloys, a Mo solid solution appears and increases the yield strength by precipitation strengthening. The maxi-mum yield strength at 600 °C and elevated temperatures is presented in Ni₅₀Ti₄₃Al₆Mo₁ alloy not in alloys with a higher Mo content, which is possibly due to the softness of Mo-Ti-Ni solid solution phase.     

TiNiPd高温形状记忆合金相变温度与相变滞后的研究

回顾了在 Ti Ni二元系合金基础上发展起来的 Ti Ni-X三元系高温形状记忆合金及 Ni Al系高温形状记忆合金。重点研究了 Ti Ni Pd系合金成分、相变温度和相变滞后的关系。结果表明 :当 Pd的原子百分数大于3 3 %,相变点的增加尤为显著,Pd的原子百分数提高 1 %,将导致合金的相变温度升高 2 0℃,当 Pd的原子百分数为 4 0 %时,Ms点可达 3 79.8℃。温度滞后ΔT随 Pd含量的增加基本不变,只是在 Pd原子百分数达到4 0 %时ΔT略有增加。相变热ΔH随 Pd含量增大呈线性增加,非常明显     

Effects of B on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-Ti-Si-based Ultrahigh-temperature Alloy

Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys concocted with boron ranging from 0 to 2 at% are prepared by arc-melting technology. The effects of adding boron on their as-melted microstructure and oxidation resistance are analyzed. The (Nb,Ti)ss, β-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ exist in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf alloy, while (Nb,Ti)ss, α-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ are present in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-1B and Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-2B alloys. The oxidation of Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys is dominated by the diffusion of oxygen through (Nb,Ti)ss. Compared to boron-free alloys, the boron-containing alloys have significantly lower oxidation rate when oxidized at 1 200 °C for less than 50 h, but, for more than 50 h, their oxidation resistance deteriorates.     

Fe元素对TiNi形状记忆合金相变点和力学性能的影响

采用纯度均为99%的Ti,Ni和Fe原材料,在真空电弧炉中熔炼5次,制备出TiNiFe(Fe=2 5%,3 0%和3 5%)3种成分的TiNiFe合金铸锭,经850℃保温24h的真空均匀化处理后,锻造成 7mm的棒材。采用光学金相、电阻法和拉伸试验等方法研究了Fe含量对TiNi形状记忆合金晶粒度、相变温度和力学性能的影响。随着Fe的原子含量由2.5%提高到3.5%,TiNiFe合金的晶粒略有细化,晶粒大小从49μm减小到26μm,马氏体相变温度从-73.5℃下降到-190.0℃以下,抗拉强度和屈服强度也显著提高,延伸率δ没有明显变化。所研制的TiNiFe合金的马氏体相变温度和室温力学性能可满足航空管接头用记忆合金的要求。