考虑地球扁率的大椭圆轨道编队飞行优化设计

大椭圆轨道上卫星编队的相对运动特性及其所受摄动力的影响给编队轨道设计者提出了新的挑战.本文总结了大椭圆轨道卫星编队的五种基本形式,利用数值积分法计算了主星轨道倾角、近地点角和平近点角初值对地球扁率作用下基本编队形式相对位置极值点漂移量的影响规律.结合零J2项摄动条件,提出基于主星平近点角初值的J2项编队相对轨道优化设计方法,进而获得瞬时根数描述的编队初始条件.仿真算例表明：优化设计结果可以明显降低大椭圆轨道编队卫星的相对漂移量,与平根数描述的编队初始条件的设计结果相比,相对距离极大值点的漂移量降低约81.8681%,验证了基于主星平近点角初值的大椭圆轨道编队优化设计方法的可行性.     

Qualitative Properties of Orbits for Minimum-Fuel Impulsive Transfers between Circular Coplanar Orbits with a Given Launch Time

The coplanar problem of minimizing propellant consumption in impulsive transfer between circular boundary orbits is investigated. The launch time and the initial configuration of objects on the boundary orbits are specified arbitrarily. The qualitative properties of optimal two-impulse trajectories and their optimality in the class of multi-impulse transfers are studied.     

Optimization of Low-Thrust Interplanetary Transfers

A method for approximate analytical optimization of low-thrust transfers, described in [1] and based on linearization of the equations of motion, is considered. A more precise method of reducing the errors due to linearization is suggested. The method of optimization is generalized for the case of a mission to several celestial bodies.     

水平推力作用下共面椭圆轨道的最优转移

本文研究在两次水平推力作用下共面椭圆轨道的转移问题,给出了冲量大小和作用点位置的计算公式,文中还讨论了圆到圆、椭圆到圆这两种特殊情况的轨道转移,并给出了数值例子。     

椭圆轨道欠驱动编队重构最优脉冲控制

针对椭圆轨道径向或迹向欠驱动编队重构问题,提出最优脉冲控制方法。首先,建立椭圆轨道欠驱动编队动力学模型,并基此分析径向或迹向欠驱动情况下的系统能控性与重构可行性。然后,解析推导两类欠驱动情况下实现编队重构所需的最少脉冲次数。基此,将椭圆轨道欠驱动编队重构最优脉冲控制问题表述为非线性规划问题,并采用遗传算法进行求解。最后,引入全驱动最优脉冲控制策略以及欠驱动最优连续控制策略进行对比分析,验证了欠驱动最优脉冲控制策略的有效性与正确性。仿真结果表明,欠驱动脉冲控制器可在缺失径向或迹向脉冲的条件下完成编队重构,并且保持与全驱动脉冲控制器类似的控制性能。     

受摄椭圆轨道线性相对动力学方程及其运动有界性条件

由于卫星在轨运行要受到各种摄动(特别是J2项摄动)的影响,经典的TH方程并不适合描述椭圆轨道卫星编队的长期运行。基于轨道平根数,推导了考虑J2项一阶摄动的相对轨道动力学方程,给出其近似解,研究了相对运动的有界性条件,最后通过仿真试验验证了该方程。     

水平冲量作用下共面椭圆轨道上航天器的交会

本文研究了在三次水平冲量作用下,一般共面椭圆轨道上两个航天器的固定时间交会问题。推导了完成交会的必要条件,给出了三次水平冲量的大小及其作用时刻的计算方法。     

Analysis of Ballistic Structures of Multichannel Communication Satellite Systems on Precessing Elliptic Orbits

Two models of intersatellite communication channels in satellite systems on precessing elliptic orbits are considered. By assuming that these systems provide for a continuous survey of the Earth of the necessary multiplicity, algorithms of the analysis of ballistic system structures are constructed for these models in order to maintain multichannel global communication and organization of corresponding intersatellite channels. The algorithm operation is illustrated by numerical examples. This paper develops the results from [1–3], where a similar approach was advanced for the analysis of ballistic structures of satellite systems with simplified models of motion.     

基于序优化理论的同步轨道入轨优化

基于序优化理论的多目标遗传(GA)算法,对小推力同步轨道卫星入轨控制方案设计与优化进行了研究.针对直接法中优化参数搜索范围大的缺点,提出了一种基于序优化理论的参数选定算法.给出了远地点变轨轨道控制优化方案,并利用序优化理论确定优化参数初始区间与约束关系.仿真结果表明:采用序优化算法可明显加快收敛速度,提高计算效率.对相同的GA参数设置,用序优化算法有可能得到比原来性能更好的子代,获得更理想的目标函数值.     

考虑地球扁率J2摄动影响的异面椭圆轨道多冲量最优交会

重点研究了在地球扁率影响下,固定时间内两异面椭圆轨道间的燃料最省多冲量最优交     

考虑J_2摄动作用的异面椭圆轨道双冲量交会轨道修正方法

重点研究了地球扁率J2摄动作用对固定时间双冲量异面椭圆轨道交会运动的影响以及相应的轨道修正方法.根据摄动理论,利用Eneke法计算了J2摄动作用引起的实际飞行轨迹与理论标称轨迹之间的位置偏差.在此基础上,提出了通过修正预定的交会位置来修正转移轨道偏差的控制方法.通过仿真计算,对修正前后的位置偏差进行了仿真分析,结果表明,文中提出的轨道修正方法能够有效地减小摄动作用引起的制导误差,且方法简洁、易于实现.     

行星际Halo轨道转移的多目标优化设计

研究了星历约束下不同太阳—行星系统Halo轨道间转移的多目标优化设计问题。分析了直接和间接两种转移方式的特点,并引入伪流形技术加快了Halo轨道的逃逸和捕获速度。构建了两种转移机制的多目标优化模型。对于直接转移方式,采用伪流形双向拼接策略实现了转移轨道的构建;对于间接转移方式,通过近拱点庞加莱映射与双曲超速匹配完成了转移轨道的拼接。进一步,采用多项式样条函数对伪流形进行逼近,提高了伪流形的计算效率。两种转移机制的轨道优化设计都可以归结为简单的多变量无约束优化问题,采用非支配快速排序遗传算法NSGA-II求解。对地球—火星Halo轨道间的转移进行了多目标优化设计,校验了本文方法的有效性。     

Optimization of Flights between the Orbits of Artificial Satellites of Two Planets Using a Combination of High and Low Thrusts

The problem of optimization of the trajectory of an interplanetary flight of a multistaged spacecraft using jet engines with high and low thrust is considered. The issues concerning the problem of choosing the main design parameters of a multistage spacecraft are touched upon. A mathematical model of start-to-finish optimization of all segments of the interplanetary flight trajectory is proposed. Using this model the specific features of flights to the orbits of satellites of Jupiter and Mars are studied.     

邻近近圆轨道两个飞行器的最优交会

邻近近圆轨道上两个飞行器的相对运动可以用线性化Ｃ—Ｗ方程描述。本文利用线性化Ｃ—Ｗ方程研究了常推力作用下两个飞行器的固定时间最省燃料交会问题，给出了最优推力作用的开关函数和最优推力方向的计算方法。     

Investigation of the Time of Ballistic Existence for Elliptic Orbits Evolving under the Influence of Gravitational Perturbations of External Bodies

A comparative analysis of the time of ballistic existence for different elliptic orbits evolving under the influence of gravitational perturbations of external bodies is performed. For this purpose, the solution of a satellite variant of the restricted circular double-averaged three-body problem obtained by M.L. Lidov [1] is used. The use of a geometrical interpretation of Lidov's solutions has allowed us to create a visualized tool for a choice of evolving satellite orbits with a long time of ballistic existence.     

航天器Halo轨道间转移的滚动时域控制

针对航天器在日/地系统共线平动点附近Halo轨道族之间的轨道转移问题,提出了一种在线实时求解滚动时域控制的新方法。首先采用高效的辛自适应非线性最优控制数值算法,离线规划出航天器在不同Halo轨道之间转移的最优轨迹和最优控制输入。然后提出一种在线实时求解滚动时域控制的新方法,基于已规划好的最优转移轨迹,应用滚动时域控制方法完成航天器在初始入轨偏差下的在线实时制导控制任务。最后的非线性动力学系统数值仿真结果表明:所提出的求解滚动时域控制的方法具有高效率特点,能够在线实时求解航天器在Halo轨道之间转移的制导控制问题,并很快消除初始入轨误差的影响。     

低轨星载拦截器对高轨卫星的拦截

本文分析了低轨星载拦截器进行轨道机动拦截高轨卫星的能力。在拦截系统分析中,威胁区、防区和拦截区是三个基本概念。本文给出了其建模及求解方法,并利用数字仿真,给出了对应于不同拦截时间的典胁威胁区、防区和拦截区。     

Optimization of Interplanetary Flights of Spacecraft with Low-Thrust Engines Taking into Account the Ellipticity and Noncoplanarity of Planetary Orbits

The problem of optimization of the interplanetary flight Earth–Mars–Earth is formulated with restrictions on the total duration of this mission and with taking the ellipticity and noncoplanarity of planetary orbits into account. An iteration scheme for solving the problem is developed, which is based on applying a sequence of flight models with increasing complexity. An approach to choosing the points of mating the planetocentric and heliocentric trajectory segments is suggested. The influence of the errors of method of the model on the results of optimization is estimated. Software tools are developed, and full computer start-to-finish simulation of the flight is carried out with graphic representation of the trajectory segments.     

绕月自由返回轨道的设计与分析

绕月自由返回轨道用于早期载人登月任务及相关试验任务,对保证任务成功起了重要作用。作为可选的轨道飞行方案之一,其对当前及未来的月球探测任务设计仍具有重要的工程意义。文章阐述了给定约束条件下绕月自由返回轨道的设计方法,并基于该方法分析了绕月自由返回轨道的相关特性,为任务设计和分析提供了基础。     

非开普勒轨道动力学与控制

主要讨论非开普勒轨道与传统开普勒轨道的异同点,试图归纳非开普勒轨道面临的动力学与控制新问题。从设计的角度出发,给出了非开普勒轨道的定义。针对目前讨论较多的几种非开普勒轨道,总结了研究这些轨道将会面临的新问题和难题。最后,讨论了非开普勒轨道的应用。