Presupernova evolution of the most massive stars

Taking as example a 60M _⊙ star of solar metallicity, the state of the art of model calculations for very massive, from the main sequence to the supernova stage, is reviewed. It is argued that — due to the simple internal structure of Wolf-Rayet stars — the post main sequence evolutionary phases are currently those which are better understood. A brief discussion of the supernova outcome from very massive stars is given. Then, the more uncertain main sequence evolution is discussed. A first attempt to incorporate results about pulsational instabilities of very massive stars in stellar evolutionary calculations is performed. On its basis, a new type of evolutionary sequence for very massive stars is obtained, namely O-star → Of-star → H-rich WNL → LBV → H-poor WNL → WNE → WC → SN. This scenario is shown to correspond better to many observed properties of very massive stars than the standard one. It includes a model for the prototype LBV P Cygni.     

热压罐工艺帽型加筋壁板长桁胶接变形问题

采用"干长桁+湿蒙皮"共胶接工艺制造复合材料帽型加筋壁板零件时,发现长桁在胶接固化后普遍存在压塌式变形及胶接面胶层厚度不均匀的现象。为改善上述问题以实现复合材料帽型加筋壁板的高精度成型,通过试验件的制造和检测收集了长桁胶接前后的变形数据及胶接后的胶层厚度数据,分析了长桁在热压罐中胶接时的受力状态及导致长桁变形的主要原因,并采用有限元模拟对分析进行了验证。结果表明：帽型长桁在胶接后确实发生了压塌式变形,长桁胶接时帽顶R区的内外压力差及长桁缘条侧边加压不充分是导致变形的主要原因。将长桁缘条侧边倒成斜边或可减小这种变形的程度。     

基于BL碰撞算法求解排样过程中干涉的问题

在自动排料过程中,采用BL排放策略的移动碰撞算法时,需要反复地更新待排板料中多边形的边界,在某次更新边界的规则不合理时,排放下一块料极易出现图形干涉的现象。针对这个问题,本文采用计算机图形学和计算几何方面的知识,提出一种解决合成多边形时出现干涉问题的方法。     

凝胶注模技术制备La0.8Sr0.2MnO3材料过程中的几个问题

对凝胶注模技术制备La0.8Sr0.2MnO3材料过程中的料浆的消泡、凝胶过程、凝胶方式和素坯的表征等几个问题进行探索性研究。分析结果表明,采用真空消泡,加热凝胶方式可以得到显微结构均匀的素坯。凝胶过程表明,链引发是凝胶过程的关键步骤。     

以大家都获益为目标的"梦想飞机"--波音7E7的内在价值

波音每发起一种新的机型,一定是在论证了它能为航空公司、乘客、波音公司本身和波音的合作伙伴等各方都带来价值之后才会付诸实施。 波音7E7"梦想飞机"于今年4月底正式启动。它的航程可达8500海里,在三级客舱布局下可搭载217至257名乘客。这一双通道的双发飞机将把波音747和777等大型飞机的经济性、速度和航程引入中型飞机市场。     

真实爆震载荷作用下爆震室等寿命设计方法

结合内径为60mm的等壁厚爆震室,建立其有限元模型并施加真实爆震载荷,确定其疲劳载荷谱类型为周期性常幅谱。通过有限元模型和静态载荷作用下的解析模型分析得出爆震室壁厚和动力放大系数之间的相互影响关系,壁厚通过动力放大系数对自身进行调整,该过程中内壁的等效应力最大值逼近目标应力,以此为基础提出爆震室等寿命设计方法。根据计算结果设计加工变壁厚爆震室试验段,通过试验测量变壁厚爆震室外壁3个测点的应变,并估算3个测点内壁处的疲劳寿命,发现3个疲劳寿命最大误差为8.82%,考虑到试验与数值计算的工况误差可认为3个测点处寿命相同,验证了爆震室等寿命设计方法的正确性。      

泵浦光功率对核磁共振陀螺仪零偏的影响分析

核磁共振陀螺仪中,泵浦光频率和功率参量会对陀螺性能产生重要影响。研究了泵浦光功率对核磁共振陀螺仪零位的影响,阐明了不同谱线加宽条件下泵浦光功率稳定性与核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性的关系。结果表明,泵浦光功率改变0.7‰,陀螺零位变化0.41(°)/s,且缓冲气体压强增大可以减小泵浦光功率对零位的影响。     

What Determines the Composition of SEPs in Gradual Events?

Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are evidently accelerated by coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. This talk addresses the different factors which determine the composition of the accelerated ions. The first factor is the set of available seed populations including the solar wind core and suprathermal tail, remnant impulsive events from preceding solar flares, and remnant gradual events. The second factor is the fractionation of the seed ions by the injection process, that is, what fraction of the ions are extracted by the shock to participate in diffusive shock acceleration. Injection is a controversial topic since it depends on the detailed electromagnetic structure of the shock transition and the transport of ions in these structured fields, both of which are not well understood or determined theoretically. The third factor is fractionation during the acceleration process, due to the dependence of ion transport in the turbulent electromagnetic fields adjacent to the shock on the mass/charge ratio. Of crucial importance in the last two factors is the magnetic obliquity of the shock. The form of the proton-excited hydromagnetic wave spectrum is also important. Finally, more subtle effects on ion composition arise from the superposition of ion contributions over the time history of the shock along the observer’s magnetic flux tube, and the sequence of flux tubes sampled by the observer.     

基于安装结构实测发动机推力的载荷标定方法

针对某型航空发动机,在其安装结构的主要承力构件上进行应变计布置和桥路设计.分别对发动机安装结构部件和结构整体进行载荷标定试验,以此建立结构应变输出与载荷输入关系方程.并在此过程中对推力的标定方程进行相关性和显著性分析,相关系数和F值分别达到0.999和22000以上.推力计算值与加载载荷比较,单向和两向加载的工况下误差均在2%以内.结果表明：标定方程具有较高的精度.将标定方程代入实测飞行数据,得到发动机推力-时间历程曲线,与发动机燃油流量-时间历程曲线进行对比,两者变化趋势相吻合,进一步验证了发动机推力载荷测试方法的有效性和可行性,为飞机实际飞行时航空发动机推力的测量提供了一种可实施的技术途径.     

微型核磁共振陀螺仪的关键技术及发展趋势

微型核磁共振陀螺仪能够兼顾高精度、小体积和低功耗等特点,已成为原子陀螺仪的重要研究方向之一。本文在阐述核磁共振陀螺仪工作原理的基础上详细分析了闭环方案、开环方案和低温超导方案几种技术途径的特点,讨论了微型原子气室、微型磁场线圈、无磁加热等关键技术对核磁共振陀螺仪性能的影响,展望了核磁共振陀螺仪的应用前景和发展趋势。     

Nonlinear problems of physics of the geomagnetic pulsations

The current state of research involving manifestations of nonlinearity in geomagnetic pulsations is reviewed. Traditionally, the attention of researchers was focused on the effects of resonant interaction of geomagnetic pulsations with small groups of energetic particles, which actually means the study of the quasi-linear relaxation of radiation belt ions, the modulation of auroral electron fluxes, etc. The present review concentrates on the problem of the nonlinear effect influence of pulsations on the backgroud (cold) plasma and on the geomagnetic field. This kind of interaction results in a significant modification of the plasma distribution in the magnetosphere. Self-consistent wave structures—solitons and vortices may occur as well. Such nonlinear effects contribute to physics of geomagnetic pulsations and are also of fundamental importance for general physics. Another set of more narrow problems considered in the review, is related to phenomenological modeling of fluctuational and critical phenomena in the magnetosphere. The essence of our approach is to present the magnetosphere as a black box, whose properties should be determined by the statistical characteristics of its output signals. This approach to phenomenology can be a useful supplement to the methods of microscopic modeling aimed at detecting nonlinear manifestations of geomagnetic pulsations.     

Mixing in Stars and the Evolution of the 3He Abundance

We first recall the observational and theoretical facts that constitute the so-called 3He problem. We then review the chemical anomalies that could be related to the destruction of 3He in red giants stars. We show how a simple consistent mechanism can lead to the destruction of 3He in low mass stars and simultaneously account for the low 12C/13C ratios and low lithium abundances observed in giant stars of different populations. This process should both naturally account for the recent measurements of 3He/H in galactic HII regions and allow for high values of 3He observed in some planetary nebulae. We propose a simple statistical estimation of the fraction of stars that may be affected by this process.     

Self-acceleration of nuclear flames in supernovae

The speed of the laminar flame in a degenerate carbon-oxygen white dwarf is too slow to produce a Type I supernova. We draw attention to the role of the Landau instability in wrinkling the flame front. This roughening of the front surface can cause an appreciable enhancement in the flame velocity. For typical presupernova conditions the density jump across the front is small. This implies the applicability of the potential approximation for describing the flow pattern and allows derivation of the Frankel equation for flame propagation. We report the results of our numerical experiments with this equation in a highly nonlinear regime. These calculations, coupled with analytic approximations allow us to determine the dependence of the fractal dimension of the front surface on the density jump across the front. Astrophysical implications of our results are discussed.     

Formalization of solving the thermoelasticity problems for aircraft structures

We consider a coupled thermoelasticity problem, the solution of which in the finite element statement is carried out both in a conventional way and a formal one with the use of the thermoforce analogy. Formalization of derivation makes it possible to significantly simplify the procedure of obtaining the calculation relations both in the general statement and in special cases that are of practical importance for designing FV structures.     

对控制理论中三个问题的研讨

对控制理论中的三个问题--无约束条件的泛函极值,按可控制和可观性的规范分解,输出反馈与极点配置--进行了讨论.以期对自动控制原理课程的教学提供较大的参考价值,对学术研究也可起一定的启发研讨作用.     

数据采集系统通道采集速率评价中的几个问题

介绍了一种简单实用的数据采集系统采集速率的方法，讨论了评价过程的误差来源，以及减小其评价误差的几种对策；同时，给出了评价过程的计算机仿真结果。     

A gentle process for the formation of Algols

This work is concerned with binary systems that we call ‘moderately close’. These are systems in which the primary (by which we mean the initially more massive star) fills its Roche lobe when it is on the giant branch with a deep convective envelope but before helium ignition (late case B). We find that if the mass ratio q(= M ₁/M ₂) < q _crit = 0.7 when the primary fills its Roche lobe positive feedback will lead to a rapid hydrodynamic phase of mass transfer which will probably lead to common envelope evolution and thence to either coalescence or possibly to a close binary in a planetary nebula. Although most Algols have probably filled their Roche lobes before evolving off the main-sequence we find that some could not have and are therefore ‘moderately close’. Since rapid overflow is unlikely to lead to an Algol-like system there must be some way of avoiding it. The most likely possibility is that the primary can lose sufficient mass to reduce q below q _crit before overflow begins. Ordinary mass loss rates are insufficient but evidence that enhanced mass loss does take place is provided by RS CVn systems that have inverted mass ratios but have not yet begun mass transfer. We postulate that the cause of enhanced mass loss lies in the heating of the corona by by magnetic fields maintained by an α — ω dynamo which is enhanced by tidal effects associated with corotation. In order to model the the effects of enhanced mass loss we ignore the details and adopt an empirical approach calibrating a simple formula with the RS CVn system Z Her. Using further empirical relations (deduced from detailed stellar models) that describe the evolution of red giants we have investigated the effect on a large number of systems of various initial mass ratios and periods. These are notable in that some systems can now enter a much gentler Algol-like overflow phase and others are prevented from transferring mass altogether. We have also investigated the effects of enhanced angular momentum loss induced by corotation of the wind in the strong magnetic fields and consider this in relation to observed period changes. We find that a typical ‘moderately close’ Algol-like system evolves through an RS CVn like system and then possibly a symbiotic state before becoming an Algol and then goes on through a red giant-white dwarf state which may become symbiotic before ending up as a double white dwarf system in either a close or wide orbit depending on how much mass is lost before the secondary fills its Roche lobe.     

折叠球形气囊展开过程仿真

球形气囊展开和折叠过程复杂,采用实验手段研究其展开过程存在诸多不便。建立以单侧内折方式折叠的球形气囊数值分析模型,研究球形气囊折叠后充气展开的动态应用特性,比较相同充气条件不同折叠层数和相同折叠层数不同充气条件下气囊展开动态特性的差异;对影响气囊展开过程中体积和内压曲线变化的因素进行分析,分别讨论折叠层数、充气速率和充气量对球形气囊动态特性的影响。结果表明:单侧内折折叠次数增多会导致气囊内压最大值增大,应用时设定气囊折叠次数应考虑气囊材料最大内压承受能力;充气速率和充气量均会影响气囊展开的稳定性,充气速率的影响主要在充气及气囊展开初期阶段,而充气量的影响主要在充气完成后的自由展开阶段。