航空机载宽温度环境下 APD 光接收机的性能分析

对机载宽温度环境下光纤网络中雪崩光电二极管（APD）以及APD光接收机的温度性能进行了分析,并且在机载宽温度范围下将APD光接收机与PIN光接收机性能进行了比较,论证了机载宽温度环境下采用APD光接收机的可能性,以此缓解航空机载光纤网络光功率预算困难。     

光纤陀螺尖峰脉冲研究

对光纤陀螺尖峰脉冲进行了深入研究,建立了光纤陀螺前放电路的噪声模型,分析了两个关键参数带宽和放大倍数对陀螺噪声和信噪比的影响,仿真结果指出降低前放带宽、提高放大倍数可以大幅度提高陀螺的信噪比,由于光纤陀螺信号特性的限制,这些改变必须在切除尖峰脉冲后才可以实现。对比分析了常见的几种光纤陀螺尖峰脉冲抑制方案,选择了模拟开关切除尖峰脉冲方案进行试验,试验结果表明,尖峰脉冲抑制方案对光纤陀螺的输出数据噪声性能提升效果显著,改进后的陀螺噪声降低了13%。     

基于喇曼散射的分布式光纤测温系统光接收机灵敏度的分析

在分布式光纤测温系统中,携有温度信息的喇曼散射光是极其微弱的,只有 n W量级,而温度变化引起的喇曼散射光的变化更加微弱。在对光接收机噪声分析的基础上,给出了该类应用条件下光接收机信噪比。指出了低信噪比下,AD的量化误差将随累加次数的增加而减小,同时 AD的有效位数将增加,给出了低信噪比下 AD有效位数的分析方法,并通过 MATLAB进行了验证,在此基础上,分析了光接收机的灵敏度,由此可以直接计算分布式光纤测温系统的测温精度。     

光纤陀螺前置放大滤波电路的噪声分析

光纤陀螺的全数字闭环处理技术是解决光纤陀螺输出非线性问题的关键,其中光电转换及前置放大部分是保证闭环处理有序准确进行的前提和保障。光电转换及前置放大部分的噪声主要来自光电探测器的散粒噪声和前置放大器的噪声。因此,本文对全数字闭环处理过程中前放滤波部分的噪声进行了分析,针对现用的放大器芯片提出了对比优化方案并进行了试验验证,结果表明通过对比选择低噪声前置放大器会减小对陀螺零偏稳定性的影响,对光纤陀螺的工程应用有良好的参考价值。     

一种高斯型ASE光源研究

简单介绍了掺铒光纤的光放大原理,分析了四种ASE光源的光路结构。针对双通前向结构,设计了一种适用高精度光纤陀螺仪的高斯型ASE光源,并进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,掺铒光纤的掺杂浓度、光纤长度都对ASE光源的输出特性具有很大的影响。此外,根据试验结论,研制出高斯型ASE光源,其性能稳定,已在多个高精度光纤陀螺仪型号上实现了实际应用,并取得了良好的效果。     

基于Shupe系数的光纤陀螺光纤环评价方法

针对当前缺乏有效的光纤环温度性能评价方法确保光纤陀螺整表全温精度的问题,搭建了光纤环温度测试系统,提出了一种光纤环评价方法。该方法不但能够评价光纤环的温度性能,而且能够反映陀螺整表的全温精度。根据测试结果,分析了基于Shupe系数的线性误差和线性补偿后的非线性误差。其中,前者代表了光纤环的温度灵敏度,后者代表了光纤环的可补偿程度,两者共同构成了光纤环的评价指标。利用该测试系统测试了数十只同一尺寸的光纤环,非线性误差小于0.022(°)/h,补偿后整表的全温零偏稳定性小于等于0.01(°)/h(-40℃~+60℃,1℃/min),为后续高精度光纤陀螺的生产提供了一定的指导。     

基于非线性双通MZI的多波长掺铒光纤激光器

提出了一种基于非线性双通MZI光纤滤波器的波长间隔可切换多波长掺铒光纤激光器.非线性双通MZI光纤滤波器除了多通滤波作用还具有功率均衡作用,能有效抑制掺铒光纤的增益竞争,从而实现室温下多波长稳定激射.通过合理调整激光腔内的偏振态,分别实现了0.2 nm和0.4 nm密集波长间隔可切换的多波长激光输出,两种状态下的激光波长个数分别为44个和25个,测量可得激光光信噪比分别高于14 dB和30dB.     

馈源制冷技术在深空测控系统中的应用分析

深空目标距离遥远,要接收其返回地球的微弱信号,需要接收系统具备尽可能高的系统品质因数(G/T)。接收设备工作在低温环境下,能够有效降低接收系统的噪声温度,提高系统G/T值。本文对采用馈源和接收机整体制冷的Ka频段接收系统性能进行了分析,并和采用常温馈源、制冷接收机方案的系统性能进行了比对。分析表明,采用前一种方案,系统G/T性能可以提升0.81dB,从而获得很高的效益。     

Y波导波形斜度误差对光纤陀螺小角速率性能的影响

Y波导器件的调制非线性引起波形斜度误差,进而影响光纤陀螺标度因数性能,特别是小角速率下的测量精度.重点分析了由Y波导调制非线性引起的波形斜度误差及其对小角速率下光纤陀螺性能影响的机理,并通过抑制Y波导器件高阶非线性电光效应减小波形斜度误差.实验验证结果表明,减小波形斜度误差能够有效抑制小角速率与大角速率标度因数差异,可...     

基于光纤陀螺的组合导航系统研究

采用基于光纤陀螺的IMU和GPS接收机,以DSP为信息处理核心,实现了GPS/TNS组合导航系统.介绍了光纤陀螺工作原理和误差模型,描述了组合导航系统并通过试验对该系统进行分析.实验结果表明,基于光纤陀螺的组合导航系统误差范围较小,可以满足较高精度的导航定位要求.     

Bandwidth maximization for satellite laser communication

Free space optical communication between satellites networked together can make possible high speed communication between different places on Earth. The basic free space optical communication network includes at least two satellites. In order to communicate between them, the transmitter satellite must track the beacon of the receiver satellite and point the information optical beam in its direction. The pointing systems for laser satellite communication suffer during tracking from vibration due to electronic noise, background radiation from interstellar objects such as Sun, Moon, Earth, and Stars in the tracking field of view, and mechanical impact from satellite internal and external sources. Due to vibrations the receiver receives less power. This effect limits the system bandwidth for given bit error rate (BER). In this research we derive an algorithm to maximize the communication system bandwidth using the transmitter telescope gain as a free variable based on the vibration statistics model and the system parameters. Our model makes it possible to adapt the bandwidth and transmitter gain to change of vibration amplitude. We also present an example of a practical satellite network which includes a direct detection receiver with an optical amplifier. A bandwidth improvement of three orders of magnitude is achieved in this example for certain conditions, as compared with an unoptimized system     

Analysis of the linear amplifier/analog-digital converter interfacein a digital microwave receiver

An analysis of the relationship between a linear amplifier chain and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in a digital microwave receiver, with respect to sensitivity and dynamic range issues, is presented. The effects of gain, third-order intermodulation products and ADC characteristics on the performance of the receiver are illustrated and design criteria for the linear amplifier chain (given a specified ADC) are developed. A computer program is included which calculates theoretical receiver performance based on gain and third-order intermodulation product selections. Experimental results are also presented and compared with theoretical values     

PSK communications systems using fully saturated power amplifiers

Quasiconstant envelope phase-shift keying (PSK) is analyzed to assess its ability to overcome nonlinearities caused by fully saturated RF power amplifiers in communications systems. These modulations can achieve bit error rate (BER) performance comparable to linear BPSK in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Quasiconstant envelope offset quadrature PSK (OQPSK) is presented as a design example. At a BER = 10/sup -5/, the SNR degradation caused by fully saturated power amplifiers is 0.1 dB. The simulated BER matches analytically derived results. For a communications system employing the quasiconstant envelope OQPSK and a rate 1/2 convolutional code with K = 7, the demodulation performance is degraded by 0.25 dB at a BER = 10/sup -5/ when a fully saturated power amplifier is employed.     

宽带卫星通信信号的多维星座图解调方法

高速卫星数据传输需要利用较高调制维度和较多星座点数来实现,一方面导致接收端具有较大实现复杂度,另一方面系统可靠性极易受信道非线性影响。针对以上问题,通过对多维星座图信号的解调性能进行理论分析,得到极大后验概率（MAP）解调误符号率（SER）的理论公式,在保证系统SER性能的基础上,提出了基于星座图相关的检测方法。该方法利用脉冲正交性得到接收星座点,对其进行向量相关运算得到解调数据,有效降低了解调判决过程的复杂度。针对信号经过高功率放大器（HPA）后的非线性失真问题,建立了HPA信道估计模型,利用最小二乘（LS）信道估计方法对原解调星座图进行修正,提出了基于修正星座图的解调方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在降低实现复杂度的同时,有效提高了系统抗HPA信道非线性失真的能力,可实现对宽带高速卫星通信信号的高效准确解调。     

TP-Satellite: A New Transport Protocol for Satellite IP Networks

As a result of the exponential growth of the worldwide Internet, satellite systems are used to support broadband Internet access. Existing TCP protocols perform very well for Internet access on wired networks. However, in the case of satellite channels, due to the effects of high bandwidth asymmetry, long propagation delay, high sporadic bit error rate (BER) and burst errors, TCP performance degrades significantly. In this paper, a new end-to-end transport protocol, TP-Satellite, is proposed for satellite IP networks. TP-Satellite replaces the traditional slow start algorithm with a novel super start algorithm. In order to distinguish congestion events from link errors, a new scheme is introduced, which is based on alternate transmission of different class priority packets. Bandwidth asymmetry problems are addressed by the adoption of a modified negative acknowledgement (M-NACK) strategy, which periodically sends M-NACK packets. Simulation results show that TP-Satellite enhances the throughput performance on the forward path, reduces the bandwidth used in the reverse path, and offers a fair share of network resources.     

A New Resonant Mode Amplifier Produces Clean AC Power

A new resonant mode power amplifier design is described which has a number of advantages over the power amplifiers available today. In particular, it has low or no EMI because of the nature of its operation. The new amplifier design is based upon a resonant mode dc-dc converter used in a push-pull configuration. All the advantages of the resonant mode power converters, such as high efficiency, small size and weight, excellent dynamic performance, low or no EMI (compared to PWM switch mode power converter), etc., are present in this new design.     

System aspects and transmission impairments of active phased arrays for satellite communications

The communications link and system aspects of active phased arrays that are used in multiple-beam satellite systems are assessed through measurements and analysis. Three link parameters are investigated and their effects on the overall carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) are quantified. The first parameter is the intermodulation components that are generated at the nonlinear amplifier outputs and contribute to well-formed interference in the far-field radiation of the array. The second is the bit-error ratio (BER) degradation due to the multi-carrier operation of the active array. Measurement results are shown to demonstrate this effect. The third link parameter is the cochannel interference caused by frequency reuse in multiple-beam systems. The paper starts by reviewing early developments of phased arrays for multiple-beam satellite communications applications. A key component in these developments is the modular monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) beam-forming matrices that generate a number of simultaneous and independently digitally controlled beams     

卫星通信中16QAM信号的数字预失真研究

高阶信号通过功放时发生非线性失真,需对功放进行线性化补偿,功率回退法是最简单直接的线性化方法,但功放效率不高。数字信号处理技术的发展使得数字预失真技术成为补偿功放失真最有效的方式之一,在一定程度上促进了高阶调制信号在卫星通信中的应用,缓解频谱资源紧张问题。以16QAM信号为对象,着重研究了预失真器模型的两个关键因子——非线性阶数和记忆深度——对预失真性能的影响。仿真结果表明,相较于非线性阶数,记忆深度对预失真性能的影响更大;而且功率回退法和数字预失真方法的结合使用可以取得更好的预失真效果。     

基于神经网络的无线通信系统RF电路设计方法

典型的无线通信系统RF电路由大量的线性和非线性元器件组成。建立这些微波电路元器件的模型在现代RF电路的设计中至关重要。采用一种神经网络来学习非线性电路的动态特性,并建立相应的模型。神经网络模型可以对原始电路的模拟特性进行整体预测,可用于高层电路的仿真和优化。以功率放大器为例验证了神经网络模型的实用性,表明神经网络模型可以极大地提高无线通信系统RF电路的建模精度和速度。     

ABORT-like detector to combat active deceptive jamming in a network of LFM radars

This paper studies an electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM) scheme combating against deceptive electronic counter measure (ECM) techniques.An adaptive detector exploiting generalized likelihood ratio test (GRLT) criterion is applied to detect the presence of deceptive jamming in fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) domain.First,the generating mechanism of spurious frequencies is analyzed based on the Volterra serial.The proposed nonlinear distortion model based on power amplifier behavior is robust in distortion analysis when the memory effect is considered.Second,a modified adaptive beamformer orthogonal rejection test (ABORT) like detector in closed form is built.The proposed detector can discriminate the echo and deceptive jamming adaptively by exploiting primary data and secondary data.This ECCM scheme is capable of guaranteeing the performance without the restriction of orthogonality,which is essential for the ABORT detectors.The expansion to radar network is discussed as a special case at the final part of this paper.Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.