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未来月球探测总体构想 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《载人航天》2015,(5)
20世纪70年代以来,美苏等国已经对月球展开多种手段的探测;近年,美国、日本、俄罗斯等多个国家又开始展开月球探测,并提出机器人探测月球、建立月球基地等一系列月球探测目标。基于此背景,根据月球探测一般趋势,提出了由月球前哨站工程、机器人登月工程、短期月球基地以及长期月球基地四步构成的未来月球探测构想,提出了四步走的总体科学目标、工程目标与每一步具体任务构想,阐述了四步之间的内在联系,并在此基础上提出了未来月球探测关键技术。 相似文献
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载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题,传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求,亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求,提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系,定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型,提出了基于模型的研制流程,包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节,并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础,系统地验证了提出的方法。 相似文献
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针对国际月球科研站(ILRS)项目论证工作的国际化协同需求,结合基于模型的系统工程(MBSE)与并行工程(CE)等工程方法,从数字化协同论证的业务流程出发,为国际性航天工程提供基于模型、架构驱动的数字化协同论证技术体系。本文论述了模型驱动的ILRS协同论证流程,形成了“方法-标准-模型-工具”融合的协同论证技术体系,覆盖使命任务定义与需求分析、概念架构定义与可行性论证、联合方案设计与综合评估等3个阶段、6个过程,从层次、专业、阶段3个维度定义了复杂航天系统的多领域全息模型,定义了面向ILRS多层级、多阶段需求的协同论证标准规范体系,构建ILRS协同论证环境并开展了应用实践,满足ILRS任务的规范性、开放性和并行协同要求,能够为深空探测或其他复杂航天工程的协同论证提供方法指导与技术支撑。 相似文献
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The Cluster mission is aimed at the study of small-scale structures that are believed to be fundamental in determining the behaviour of key interactive processes of cosmic plasma. The mission will be controlled from the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC). ESOC is also in charge of the commanding of the scientific payloads on-board the four Cluster spacecraft after negotiation with the Cluster Principal Investigators (PIs) and of collecting and distributing the mission's scientific results to the Cluster community. This paper describes the process of translating the scientific requirements of the Cluster mission into a data-processing system supporting the mission via the definition of an appropriate operational scenario. In particular, the process of negotiation between the PIs and ESOC to command the spacecraft is mediated by the Joint Science Operations Centre (JSOC) and finalised by the Cluster Mission Planning System (CMPS) while the return of the data to the Cluster community is actuated by the Cluster Data Disposition System (CDDS). The Cluster Mission Control System (CMCS) provides the interface between these two systems and the spacecraft. These elements constitute the Cluster Data-Processing System (CDPS). 相似文献
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Comparative study of lunar mission requirements and onboard propulsion system performance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In recent years, the lunar explorer programs, suspended for a long time, have resumed again with the rapid development of low cost and high-level technologies. As a result, several nations have made a success of lunar exploration programs with their own orbiters. Unlike a satellite orbiting the earth, the optimal design of an onboard propulsion system of a lunar orbiter is a major issue because it is not simple to make the orbiter arrive accurately at another planet far from the earth. Hence, a close attention is required to select and develop an appropriate type of the onboard propulsion system based on given mission requirements of a lunar orbiter. To do this, this study first surveys several lunar orbiters launched since 1990 and their major mission requirements. Then, it summarizes the technical trends of the onboard propulsion systems of the recent lunar orbiters and their key design and performance specifications through trade-off studies. By comparing these features, the present study investigates which lunar mission requirements are critically important, and how they can effect on the overall performance of an onboard propulsion system. Based on these investigations the major objective of the present study intends ultimately to set up a fundamental baseline in selecting and developing an appropriate type of onboard propulsion system of a lunar orbiter. 相似文献
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针对深空探测中(尤其是月球、火星和小行星探测)大型着陆探测器对小型移动机器人作为重要科学载荷的需求,综述了国内外小型星表探测机器人领域的发展现状,着重介绍了面向月球探测、火星探测和小行星探测的代表性小型机器人的任务需求、基本构型和样机测试情况。在系统总结小型星表探测机器人关键技术及发展趋势的基础上,提出了未来中国在该领域发展、完善的建议。分析表明:月球探测的高研究价值区域多位于崎岖地形中,体积小、运动性能强的轮式、足式机器人受到广泛关注,日本、英国、瑞士等国家已提出多种小型机器人概念,并研发原理样机进行测试试验;针对火星等存在稀薄大气层的星体探测,定位于配置组件的旋翼式无人机已成为国内外关注和研制的重点之一,同时面向特殊极端地形探测的小型轮式、翻滚式机器人也进入到原理样机测试阶段,美国在这些领域均保持突出优势;针对小行星等小质量、弱引力天体探测,小型翻滚式机器人成为其着陆探测的主流,美国开展了原理样机设计与试验,日本通过"隼鸟2号"任务已成功实现在轨应用。 相似文献
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月球探测器高精度导航技术是确保月球探测任务顺利实施的关键技术之一。当前,大多数月球探测器都是利用地面无线电进行导航和控制,但存在可测控弧段短、易受干扰等局限性,且对于月球背面探测,存在无法直接测控的不足。针对上述问题,提出了一种新的基于天文测角/单程无线电差分测距/差分测速的月球探测器组合导航方法。该方法使用了天文星光角距、探测器接收到的来自地面站或中继星的单程无线电时间差分测距和时间差分多普勒测速3种量测信息,可有效抑制星上时钟和频谱仪的时间和频率测量误差。收敛后的平均位置和速度估计误差分别为902.7 m和0.12 m/s,最大的位置和速度估计误差分别为1 548.2 m和0.24 m/s。仿真分析结果表明该方法具有较高自主导航精度。 相似文献
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根据导弹武器系统的作战任务过程,对美国武器系统效能工业咨询委员会(WSEIAC)提出的 ADC 模型加以扩展,使扩展后的效能评估模型能够分析导弹武器系统在任务过程不同时刻所需的不同能力,及遭受敌方硬火力杀伤后状态的改变对能力的影响。 相似文献
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有人机/无人机协同任务控制系统 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
针对有人机/无人机协同任务控制系统的设计和实现问题展开研究。结合有人机/无人机协同控制过程的特点,提出了基于自然语言接口方式的有人机/无人机协同任务控制系统结构。在此基础上,分析了系统模块的关键内容,设计了面向有人机与无人机交互过程的任务指令格式,提出了基于优先级的任务模式调度策略,针对无人机的典型任务模式,讨论了航路规划的计算方法选择,最后构建了有人机/无人机协同任务仿真环境。仿真试验结果验证了整体方法的可行性。 相似文献
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为解决传统载人登月方案中重型运载火箭难以研制、交会对接窗口选择困难等问题,提出了符合我国现有技术条件的基于地月L1点的载人登月方案设想。基于对圆形限制性三体模型和地月三,点特性的分析,将载人登月任务划分为不同的飞行阶段,研究了载人登月任务的规模、系统组成以及各舱段的质量分配等。通过与基于环月轨道方案各参数的分析和对比,提出通过付出较小代价将基于环月轨道的载人登月方案转化为基于地月,L1点的载人登月方案的方法。结果分析表明,经方案转化,不但能充分发挥地月L1点的优势,而且在一定条件下可以使节省燃料成为可能。 相似文献
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Sami W. Asmar Alexander S. Konopliv Michael M. Watkins James G. Williams Ryan S. Park Gerhard Kruizinga Meegyeong Paik Dah-Ning Yuan Eugene Fahnestock Dmitry Strekalov Nate Harvey Wenwen Lu Daniel Kahan Kamal Oudrhiri David E. Smith Maria T. Zuber 《Space Science Reviews》2013,178(1):25-55
The Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission to the Moon utilized an integrated scientific measurement system comprised of flight, ground, mission, and data system elements in order to meet the end-to-end performance required to achieve its scientific objectives. Modeling and simulation efforts were carried out early in the mission that influenced and optimized the design, implementation, and testing of these elements. Because the two prime scientific observables, range between the two spacecraft and range rates between each spacecraft and ground stations, can be affected by the performance of any element of the mission, we treated every element as part of an extended science instrument, a science system. All simulations and modeling took into account the design and configuration of each element to compute the expected performance and error budgets. In the process, scientific requirements were converted to engineering specifications that became the primary drivers for development and testing. Extensive simulations demonstrated that the scientific objectives could in most cases be met with significant margin. Errors are grouped into dynamic or kinematic sources and the largest source of non-gravitational error comes from spacecraft thermal radiation. With all error models included, the baseline solution shows that estimation of the lunar gravity field is robust against both dynamic and kinematic errors and a nominal field of degree 300 or better could be achieved according to the scaled Kaula rule for the Moon. The core signature is more sensitive to modeling errors and can be recovered with a small margin. 相似文献
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This paper introduces the approaches of using Model based System Engineering(MBSE) for the functional analysis of civil aircraft and describes the details of a Rhapsody model for ground deceleration scenario. Describe system by functional modeling, to instruct requirement analysis, function analysis of black box and white box in large scale civil aircraft, exploring practice of MBSE in highly complex system of civil aircraft. 相似文献