民用飞机超细干粉灭火系统喷射试验研究

NaHCO3超细干粉灭火剂具有环保高效的优点,有可能替代现有民用飞机上常见的哈龙1301 灭火剂,应用于未来民用飞机固定式灭火系统上。以某型民用飞机发动机灭火系统为基础,搭建了NaHCO3 超细干粉灭火系统试验台,开展了该灭火系统的喷射性能试验研究。试验结果表明灭火系统平均流量较大,性能较好,但仍需要修改管网设计调整灭火剂在风扇舱和核心舱的分配比例。初步的灭火剂浓度分析也表明目前的管网设计可以达到舱内的灭火剂浓度要求。     

水雾灭火技术在民用飞机上的应用现状

由于环境保护的需要,寻找适合民用飞机的哈龙替代灭火剂是急需解决的问题,在可选择的多种灭火剂或灭火系统中,水雾灭火系统由于其环保、清洁、高效、稳定且无毒害等优点而成为目前最有希望的哈龙替代灭火剂。首先介绍了水雾灭火系统的灭火机理及其独特优势,以及国际航空火灾防护工作组(IASFPWG)制定的最低性能标准(minimum performance standard,简称MPS)和测试结果,研究显示水雾灭火系统很好地通过了MPS要求。然后对影响水雾灭火系统性能的因素进行研究分析：提高工作压力和流量系数可有效提高水雾灭火系统灭火能力,通过调节喷雾锥角和雾滴粒径可改善水雾灭火系统灭火性能;添加一定浓度的盐类化合物、表面活性剂也可提高水雾灭火系统的灭火能力,且不同添加剂具有不同的最佳浓度比例。     

民用飞机发动机灭火系统地面试验技术研究

确保民用飞机的高安全性,是民机设计的一个重要目标。发动机火区的防火、灭火功能尤其重要。根据适航条款的要求,提出一种适用于民用飞机发动机灭火系统地面试验室试验的方法。该方法采用一种微压差式灭火剂浓度测试系统,在模拟真实发动机内外形和舱内流场的发动机灭火性能验证试验台上进行试验。该试验同时模拟机上最严苛的试验环境,验证最严苛试验工况下发动机灭火试验的灭火剂扩散情况。该试验采用高精度传感器测试试验参数,记录试验数据,并按FAA条款比对试验结果。通过地面试验室试验验证,该试验方法能有效、准确的实现发动机灭火系统地面试验室试验目标。该试验结果能为机上试验提供试验经验,为机上喷嘴构型更改、灭火管网布设提供重要参考依据。     

现代民机新型灭火剂性能研究

对新型灭火剂研究背景和种类进行了简要介绍,对具有开发潜力的新型灭火剂的理化性能、毒性、腐蚀性、灭火性能、环保性能进行深入分析与研究。通过对新型灭火剂性能的研究,得出每种灭火剂的优缺点,筛选出适用于现代民机灭火系统的灭火剂。     

发动机舱冷却试验影响因素研究

发动机舱冷却试验是民用飞机适航取证试飞必须进行的试验项目之一。以某飞机发动机舱冷却系统为研究对象,通过飞行试验研究外界大气温度、电功率提取和引气构型、滑油量、飞行高度、发动机状态、飞机起飞重量、重心等对发动机舱冷却系统性能的影响,形成民用飞机发动机舱冷却试验的临界试验条件,以满足适航条款的适航要求。     

民用飞机发动机短舱灭火适航验证试验研究

为验证民用飞机发动机短舱灭火系统满足CCAR25.1195(b)、(c)条款的要求,需进行地面验证试验和飞行验证试验,以证明发动机短舱灭火系统足以灭火。在介绍某型民用飞机灭火系统功能和结构组成的基础上,给出了短舱灭火系统的试验要求,试验方案和试验结果可接受判据。为CCAR25.1195(b)、(c)条款的地面和飞行验证试验提供了有效途径,对民用飞机型号合格审定中有关短舱灭火验证试验的相关工作具有指导意义。     

大型民用飞机货舱哈龙替代品抑制及灭火系统研究

基于美国联邦航空局休斯研究中心环保型飞机货舱哈龙替代品抑制及灭火的研究,阐释了飞机货舱哈龙替代品抑制及灭火系统最低性能标准,总结了氮气、气溶胶、细水雾等三种机载灭火系统最新研究成果,剖析了大型民用飞机货舱哈龙替代品抑制及灭火系统的最新发展趋势,分析了三种哈龙替代品抑制及灭火系统用于飞机货舱的可行性,旨在为我国大型民用飞机货舱哈龙替代品抑制及灭火系统研究提供工程技术参考。     

专用灭火剂浓度测试设备研制及其应用

直升机(飞机)动力舱灭火系统进行试验时需要准确测量灭火剂浓度随时间变化情况。利用空气中不 同百分比的灭火剂流经多孔塞产生不同流阻的原理,研究并标定流阻与灭火剂浓度的关系;研制灭火剂浓度测 试设备,并将该设备应用于多个型号的地面试验。结果表明:该设备响应灵敏,能实时反应动力舱内灭火剂浓 度的变化情况,满足直升机(飞机)动力舱灭火系统地面模拟试验要求。     

民用飞机货舱灭火系统适航符合性验证试验方法研究

为验证民用飞机货舱灭火系统满足CCAR25.851(b)(2)和25.857(c)(2)条款的要求,需进行飞行验证试验,以证明货舱固定式灭火系统的容量与货舱内很可能发生的任何火情相适应。在介绍某型民用飞机货舱灭火系统功能和结构组成的基础上,给出了货舱灭火系统的试验要求,试验方案和试验结果可接受判据。为CCAR25.851(b)(2)和25.857(c)(2)条款的飞行验证试验提供了有效途径,对民用飞机型号合格审定中有关货舱灭火验证试验的相关工作具有指导意义。     

民用发动机短舱火警探测器温度特性地面试验研究

基于某飞机发动机舱火警探测系统温度测量的机上地面试验,分析了外界大气温度、发动机状态、发动机滑油量、发动机引气和发电等功能对火警探测器环境温度的影响,提出发动机舱火警探测器温度测量试验方法,为民用飞机防火系统的适航取证试验提供了试验方法和参考依据。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.