背撑发动机进排气对翼身融合民机气动特性影响

针对翼身融合(BWB)背撑发动机布局民机的发动机与机体流动干扰问题,以项目团队研究的某BWB布局民机方案为研究对象,采用CFD方法研究了发动机进排气对全机低、高速气动特性的影响规律及其流动机理。结果表明:进排气效应主要影响飞机的高速阻力特性,随着发动机进气流量的减小,机体/短舱之间流动干扰加剧,机体零升阻力增加;进排气效应对低速状态升力和俯仰力矩的影响主要由发动机的抽吸作用对机体表面流动的干扰引起。发动机不同的进气流量会对全机的升阻力特性产生较大影响,在BWB布局机体/发动机一体化设计中,要充分考虑机体与动力装置之间的干扰影响,同时权衡不同进排气状态对机体和发动机当地流动的影响。      

翼身融合背撑发动机布局的动力短舱设计

为了解决翼身融合（BWB）背撑发动机布局的飞机-发动机流动干扰问题,依据BWB流场特征,提出背撑式动力短舱设计思想：采用轴对称短舱,结合可以减小短舱外部流动对机体影响的外罩型面和满足进气效率要求的进气道型面设计。基于本文构建的动力短舱参数化建模方法和多点优化设计方法,开展兼顾内外流的短舱综合优化设计研究,最后对设计方案安装状态流场进行分析。结果表明：提出的设计方法可以给出具有不同内外流气动特性、满足BWB背撑式发动机动力短舱多点设计要求的设计方案,巡航状态短舱外表面和全推力状态进气道最大马赫数最大可减小8.35%和11.81%,优化结果在最大推力和侧风起飞状态也具有良好的进气道性能;动力短舱安装状态消除了高速巡航飞行状态下短舱和机体之间的强激波和后体流动分离,低速大迎角状态机体外流能够为发动机提供均匀稳定的进气,进气道总压恢复系数满足设计要求。     

基于数值模拟的翼身融合布局飞机上悬式发动机布置技术

发动机进排气对飞机气动特性具有重要影响。为了评估翼身融合布局（BWB）飞机上悬式发动机不同布置方式对全机气动特性的影响,首先开展了发动机短舱进排气与全机流场耦合的数值模拟技术研究,验证了计算方法的正确性。在此基础上,针对发动机安装于翼身升力面之上的BWB运输类飞机,开展飞机巡航飞行条件下,发动机不同支撑高度下沿流向及展向不同安装位置的进排气与全机流场耦合数值模拟,评估发动机不同布置方式对全机气动特性的影响,形成发动机不同布置方式影响的规律性结论。     

升力体布局飞行器偏航气动增稳方法研究

针对升力体飞行器偏航弱稳定性问题,提出了一种基于当地侧向流动膨胀/压缩原理的偏航气动增稳方法.通过对升力体后体侧缘进行曲线切削,造成切削表面流动先膨胀后压缩的气动效应,从而使得侧向气动力后移,以此实现航向压心后移、偏航静稳定性提高的目的.采用数值方法对单锥升力体布局进行了方法验证,算例表明较小的侧面切削可以大幅提高中小攻角状态偏航静稳定性,但也同时会不同程度地降低飞行器纵向静稳定性、升阻比以及横侧静稳定性.本方法在改善升力体布局航向静稳定性的同时,具有不带来航向附加气动安定面的优点,可引入相关布局设计优化之中.     

双尾撑倒V尾无人机气动特性及静稳定性计算分析

在双尾撑无人机上配置倒V 形尾翼，其夹角会影响全机的气动特性和静稳定性。提出一种双尾撑倒V形尾翼布局，采用数值方法与U 形尾翼布局进行对比分析；对倒V 形及U 形尾翼布局的计算模型进行校核和验证，分析两种布局在不同迎角和侧滑角下的纵向、横向和航向气动特性及静稳定性。结果表明：倒V 形尾翼可减小浸润面积，使全机升阻比提高2.2%，增大了尾翼失速迎角，但横向静稳定度明显下降；当尾翼夹角小于90°时，倒V 形尾翼能够增强全机横向稳定性，夹角增大也会使航向静稳定度略有降低，而纵向静稳定度有一定增强。     

翼吊发动机短舱对三维增升装置的影响及改善措施研究

运用数值模拟方法,结合风洞试验数据,研究了翼吊发动机短舱对于增升装置气动性能的影响以及在发动机短舱的不同位置安装涡流片进行流动控制的效果.结果表明:翼吊发动机短舱挂架与机翼前缘结合处的缝翼缺口及大迎角时绕过短舱的分离气流会对三维增升装置造成不利影响,其主要表现为在主翼上方形成一个很大范围的低速流动区.在发动机短舱适当位置安装涡流片能明显改善增升装置的气动性能.主要机理在于:涡流片在大迎角时产生的强漩涡能向低速区内注入能量,搅动该区域的流动,从而减小低速流动区的范围.但是涡流片的位置必须进行优化,在不适当的位置安装涡流片会进一步恶化增升装置的气动性能.     

串列翼巡飞器不同气动布局及操纵面布置方案对比

为比较两种不同气动布局的串列翼巡飞器及不同操纵面布置方案的气动特性,利用计算流体力学软件进行了仿真计算,从升阻特性、流线图及湍流强度方面进行了分析,并比较了不同控制方式及不同操纵面偏转角度时的操纵特性。结果表明,前翼在上、后翼在下的气动布局具有较好的升阻特性;两种气动布局均具有纵向静稳定性和航向静稳定性,而仅前翼在上、后翼在下的气动布局具有横滚静稳定性;飞行器进行俯仰控制时,常规布局控制方式产生的操纵力矩较大,滚转控制时,鸭翼布局控制方式可产生较大的滚转控制力矩;后翼操纵面偏转对前翼表面压力系数的影响较小,可忽略,而前翼操纵面偏转对后翼表面压力系数的影响较大。     

翼吊发动机短舱对增升装置气动特性影响研究

增升装置的气动效率对于全机整体性能有重要影响,而当代大多数跨音速运输类飞机均采用翼吊发动机布局。通过对有、无翼吊短舱的两个三维增升装置的数值模拟,研究了翼吊发动机短舱对于增升装置气动性能的影响。结果表明,翼吊发动机短舱会严重恶化增升装置的气动性能。流动机理分析表明,短舱挂架与机翼前缘结合处的缝翼缺口及大迎角时绕过短舱的分离气流是造成增升装置气动性能恶化的两个主要原因。     

双发飞翼布局保形尾喷管燃气舵概念设计

针对飞翼布局操纵效能低、稳定性差等不足,基于大展弦比双发动机布局飞翼无人机,开展了保形尾喷管燃气舵概念设计,分别设计了一种燃气方向舵与燃气升降舵。结合可靠的计算流体力学(CFD)计算方法,获取了全机纵向和横航向气动特性,并与常规气动舵设计进行了对比。研究表明:燃气方向舵比传统阻力方向舵具有更好的偏航操纵效率,且基本不影响全机升阻特性和俯仰力矩特性;燃气升降舵与内翼段开设升降舵时俯仰操纵效率接近,且在小迎角下具有显著的俯仰操纵效率,带来的附加阻力较小。     

翼身融合布局飞机机体-发动机气动干扰效应

翼身融合（BWB）布局飞机是一种相对较新的飞行器概念,具有商业运输飞机的潜在用途。研究表明,翼身融合布局客机可获得比常规布局客机更好的性能。但是,由于各方面限制,BWB飞机不宜使用传统的机翼安装或机身安装的发动机布局,发动机背部安装成为首选布局。然而,背部安装发动机容易产生激波、分离、进气畸变等空气动力干扰问题,发动机与机身一体化的气动设计已成为BWB飞机发展的关键技术。针对BWB布局飞机的机体和发动机之间的气动干扰进行了数值研究,结果表明,背部安装发动机对BWB布局飞机的全机气动特性和发动机本身的推力性能都会产生较为明显的影响。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.