京沪平行航路的必要性和实用性探讨

引言随着我国航空业迅猛发展,繁忙机场和航路的飞行架次飞速增长,空中拥堵的问题日益严重。作为民用航空活动的重要参与者和推动者,空管部门能够使用的空域资源相当有限且增长缓慢,虽说浩瀚蓝天一望无际,但真正能为民航飞机使用的空域确显不足,     

区域飞行流量仿真技术的研究与开发

随着我国民用航空运输需求的迅猛增长,空中交通变得越来越拥挤,航班延误现象日益严重。如何对未来空中交通流量进行科学仿真、客观预测,根据仿真和预测结果,科学地制定流量管理策略,缓解机场和空中交通阻塞,降低航班延误率以及合理安排系统、设备资源、人力资源,保障飞行安全,是当前民航业面临的一个重要课题。     

一次低空风切变的多普勒雷达应用

引言低空风切变是影响飞行安全的主要危险天气。据《中国民用航空》统计1970—1980年间28起飞行事故有一半以上与强风切变有关,且发生在300米以下起飞、着落阶段的风切变飞行事故最多,占78%。低空风切变是指发生在600米以下空间风向、风速突然变化的天气现象。由于它发生的时间尺度、空间尺度都较小,而且探测手段有限,所以比较难以捕捉到。     

银川河东机场雷暴天气特征及其条件下的飞行管制方法

雷暴是由发展旺盛的积雨云引起并伴有闪电雷鸣的天气现象．常伴有阵雨、大风、低能见度、下击暴流、风切变和降雹天气,是危及飞行安全、破坏地面设施最主要的天气现象。由于雷暴云中存在有强烈的湍流和阵性垂直气流等危险因素,对进、离港航班及管制指挥工作有较大的影响。对于从事空中交通管制的人员来说．了解和掌握雷暴的形成机制及本场雷暴天气特征。     

空中交通流量控制浅析

引言流量管理是空中交通管制工作的重要部分,而流量控制只是流量管理的手段之一,主要是指当航路拥挤时对航班进行调控,以保持航班之间所需要的间隔,确保航班安全、有序地飞行。天气是流量控制的原因,比如雷雨会造成航班延误,雷雨过后,积压的航班就需要流量调控。再比如,出发地和目的地天气都不错,但航路上有雷雨,飞机     

杭州萧山机场低能见度天气的统计分析

低能见度是影响航班正常起降及航空器飞行安全的重要因素。据统计,在国际民航事故原因中,气象原因造成的飞行事故占20％;在我国,因气象原因造成的飞行事故中低能见度占29．2％。此外,低能见度天气也是造成航班延误的主要因素之一。因此,对某机场多年的的低能见度天气进行统计分析,研究其发生规律,对飞行安全及机场运行效益有着重要的指导意义。此外,掌握其规律,对我们民航地面气象观测工作也有较好的指导作用。     

华东区域航空数值预报系统的设计与应用

复杂天气已成为航班延误和飞行事故的重要原因。据统计,美国本土飞行中．天气原因在航班延误事件中占70％：我国的情况与美国类似。并且随着航班量的持续增长,复杂天气对飞行正常的影响日益加剧。为最大限度地减少天气对飞行的影响．航空气象部门大力提高探测能力和预报服务水平,加快建立一整套产品种类丰富、可参考程度高、     

骆岗机场一次严重影响航班正常的大雾天气过程分析

大雾是指大量的水滴或冰晶悬浮于近地面层中,使水平能见度小1公里的现象。大雾是一种灾害性天气,形成的低能见度现象对交通运输影响很大,有资料显示,超过30％的航班延误或不正常飞行甚至一些有重大伤亡的恶性飞行事故都与大雾有关。因此中国民航局严格规定,当机场出现能见度低于800米的大雾时,严禁飞机降落。     

基于航班运行阶段的效率统计分析方法

引言《中国民用航空发展第十二个五年规划》显示,随着我国民航业的持续快速发展,在十一五期间,全国航班起降架次以年均15.2%的速度持续增长,飞行、机务、空管等方面超负荷运转。在保障安全情况下,如何提高航班运行效率逐渐成为一个需要深入研究和探索的课题。本文在参考有关欧美     

Instruments and methods of discovering hazardous asteroids by ground-based and space optical devices

We consider the problem of optical detection of hazardous asteroids of 100–1000 m diameter on the Earth’s surface and in space. Appropriate instruments suitable for solving this problem are also considered.     

Monitoring of facial stress during space flight: Optical computer recognition combining discriminative and generative methods

Astronauts are required to perform mission-critical tasks at a high level of functional capability throughout spaceflight. Stressors can compromise their ability to do so, making early objective detection of neurobehavioral problems in spaceflight a priority. Computer optical approaches offer a completely unobtrusive way to detect distress during critical operations in space flight. A methodology was developed and a study completed to determine whether optical computer recognition algorithms could be used to discriminate facial expressions during stress induced by performance demands. Stress recognition from a facial image sequence is a subject that has not received much attention although it is an important problem for many applications beyond space flight (security, human–computer interaction, etc.). This paper proposes a comprehensive method to detect stress from facial image sequences by using a model-based tracker. The image sequences were captured as subjects underwent a battery of psychological tests under high- and low-stress conditions. A cue integration-based tracking system accurately captured the rigid and non-rigid parameters of different parts of the face (eyebrows, lips). The labeled sequences were used to train the recognition system, which consisted of generative (hidden Markov model) and discriminative (support vector machine) parts that yield results superior to using either approach individually. The current optical algorithm methods performed at a 68% accuracy rate in an experimental study of 60 healthy adults undergoing periods of high-stress versus low-stress performance demands. Accuracy and practical feasibility of the technique is being improved further with automatic multi-resolution selection for the discretization of the mask, and automated face detection and mask initialization algorithms.     

The metric camera experiment on the first spacelab flight

In the first Spacelab Mission which will take place in Sept. Oct. 1983 a Metric Camera will be flown as part of the Earth observation payload. The camera will be a modified high quality Aerial Survey Camera.The hardware development is finished and the instrument is already integrated into Spacelab.The application of Metric Cameras in Space, an area which is neglected up to now, can effectively contribute to an improved cartographic coverage of the Earth. The Metric Camera Experiment is a first step to fill this gap which can be realized by utilizing the extended capacities of the Space Transportation System.The paper outlines the scientific objectives of the experiment, describes in detail the camera system and deals with the operation and control philosophy during the mission.     

Effects of long-duration space flight on target acquisition

The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of long-duration space flight on the acquisition of specific visual targets in the horizontal plane. Seven cosmonauts (4 high performance pilots and 3 non-pilots) who had flown between 186–198 days on Mir served as subjects. Baseline testing was performed 4 times prior to launch and 4 times following landing at different intervals totrack recovery. During testing the subjects were required to acquire targets that were randomly presented with both a head and eye movement using a time optimal strategy. Prior to flight two unique head movement strategies, related primarily to piloting experience, were used for target acquisition. Non-pilots employed a Type-I strategy consisting of high velocity head movements with large peak amplitudes, while high performance pilots used primarily low velocity, small amplitude head movements (Type-II) to acquire the targets (p<0.02). For both strategies peak head velocities increased as the angular distance to the target increased (p<0.01) resulting in greater discrimination between strategies for the 60° targets. While preflight eye velocity between strategies did not reach statistical significance, postflight testing revealed a decrease in eye velocity for Type-I compared with their preflight performance (p<0.02) for the 60° targets. Postflight, the Type-I group showed a decrease in head velocity (p<0.20) while the Type-II group compensated by increasing head velocity (p<0.02). Variability for both of the head and eye parameters tended to increase postflight for both types of strategies.     

飞行器设计偏差量建模方法研究

对设计变量的偏差量进行建模,拟合偏差量服从的概率密度函数,是分析评价飞行器性能和概率设计的重要基础.针对常用分布拟合能力有限,以及混合Gamma分布无法在整个数轴上对试验数据进行拟合的问题,在论证混合Gauss分布拟合任意概率密度函数合理性的基础上,提出了利用混合Gauss分布对试验数据进行拟合,并运用期望极大化算法(...     

浅谈Aircon2100的飞行数据处理功能

hircon2100空管系统是西班牙Indra公司生产的ATC自动化处理系统。新疆空管局于2007年引进,经过半年多的安装测试即将成为空管自动化处理系统的主用平台。它的系统功能较为强大,技术比较先进,其中飞行计划处理（fdp）较先前使用的系统有了较大改变,增添了部分功能,现对其原理和流程进行介绍。     

Effects of prolonged space flight on rat skeletal muscle

The effect of a 20-day space flight on water, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and glycogen contents as well as on activities of glycogen metabolism enzymes--glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase--of rat skeletal muscles was studied. This data is regarded as an integral test characterizing the state of contractile tissue of the animals at the final stage of flight aboard biosatellites. The measurements indicate that there were no significant changes of cations and glycogen contents nor of the enzymic activities in fast-twitch muscles during the 20-day spaceflight. At the same time dehydration in these muscles was observed, which disappeared on the 25th postflight day. In slow-twitch antigravitational skeletal muscle (m. soleus) there was a decrease of K+ and increase of Na+ in the tissue contents. The changes disappeared at the end of the on-earth readaptation period. From the pattern of these observations, we can conclude that the 20-day space flight leads to some reversible biochemical changes of the rat skeletal muscles. A conclusion can be drawn about necessity of creating, aboard the spaceship, an artificial load on antigravitational skeletal muscles.     

主动冷却超燃冲压发动机最大工作马赫数评估

采用主动冷却方式对超燃冲压发动机进行热防护是解决其长时间工作的有效措施。针对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室恶劣的热环境,设计了一种基于碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的主动冷却结构,建立了发动机主动冷却结构设计的数学模型。引入发动机冷却液流量系数,从飞行器整体热防护角度出发,以发动机燃烧室主动冷却结构中冷却液的出口温度为依据来评价超燃冲压发动机可以达到的最大工作马赫数,以及分析发动机冷却液流量系数、飞行高度和燃烧室化学反应当量比对最大工作马赫数的影响。结果表明,增加冷却液流量系数、适当降低飞行高度、一定范围内提高化学反应当量比,可降低冷却液出口温度,从而提高发动机的最大工作马赫数。