共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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由于空间碎片的影响, 空间环境日益恶劣,有必要建立空间碎片环境工程模型对空间碎片撞击航天器进行风险评估.本文研究了空间碎片环境模型中的重要环节, 即碎片的空间密度问题,在统计理论与椭圆轨道理论基础上,分析及推导了空间碎片在空间中的分布状况及空间密度,并得出了碎片空间密度的空间坐标函数解析表达式.同时对引入假设条件的合理性进行了讨论,并利用双行元数据对结论进行了验证, 利用本文方法得出的结果与双行元数据吻合. 相似文献
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空间碎片环境工程模式参数分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了评估空间碎片对航天器造成的危害 ,必须建立空间碎片环境工程模式。文章介绍了空间碎片环境的特点及其工程模式表征方法 ,并比较、分析了几种主要空间碎片环境工程模式的参数 ;从数学建模及风险评估应用的需求出发 ,提出了空间碎片环境工程模式参数的建议方案 相似文献
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针对目前空间碎片问题,提出空间碎片发动机概念,立足于使用捕获到的空间碎片,转化为发动机可用的推进剂。在完成碎片清理目标的同时,获得可持续的动力来源,延长清理器的工作寿命。针对空间碎片制粉的方法进行研究,提出使用球磨仪对金属样本进行研磨。使用转刀式粉碎机对非金属材料进行粉碎。通过实验发现,多数粉末粒径达到微米量级。针对空间碎片粉末推进方式进行研究,提出使用静电加速推进方式对粉末进行加速。空间碎片发动机虽然起源于空间碎片清理任务,但是可持续的推进剂供应,也将为小行星探测等任务提供更好的思路。 相似文献
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空间碎片将威胁人类安全1空间碎片对航天的影响据最新统计,目前在太空中约有3000t的空间垃圾,这些垃圾中差不多95%以上是空间碎片,主要由运载火箭箭体、废弃的航天器和因卫星老化或热应力而与卫星分离的碎片组成。其尺寸大到数米的箭体,小到用雷达和光学望远... 相似文献
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空间碎片云由空间物体解体产生的大量空间碎片组成,由于其相对集中地分布在有限的空间内,将会对临近航天器产生较大的碰撞威胁。为了分析解体碎片云长期分布特点,文章首先利用数值积分方法对空间碎片云短期分布规律进行了研究;在此基础上,针对处于环状分布的碎片云,根据碎片所在的轨道高度和具有的面质比值,将碎片划分到不同分组,以每个组作为研究对象,建立了描述碎片云在大气阻力作用下的解析演化模型。模型避免了对单个解体碎片的运动状态进行积分,可大大降低对计算资源和计算时间的需求。考虑在高度为1422km 圆轨道上运行的物体,解体产生了1780个碎片,利用解析演化模型得到碎片云未来50年内的演化分布状态。数值结果表明,碎片云的峰值密度在解体物体轨道高度附近,并在大气阻力作用下向更大高度区间内扩散;较低高度区间内碎片密度具有先增加,然后在大气阻力作用下不断减少的特点。 相似文献
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未来航天发射情况直接影响空间碎片环境,必须对其进行合理规划,以维护外空长期可持续发展.利用中国自主建立的空间碎片长期演化模型(SOLEM),结合蒙特卡洛方法,量化分析了空间物体发射数量、发射质量、发射面积等因子对未来空间碎片环境的影响,进一步研究了大型星座造成的未来空间物体碰撞次数和碎片数量的增加.仿真结果可为合理规划未来的航天发射规模提供理论依据. 相似文献
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微流星及空间碎片的高速撞击威胁着长寿命,大尺寸航天器的安全运行,导致其严重的损伤和灾难性的失效,为精确估计微流星及空间碎片主速撞击防护屏产生的碎片对舱壁的损伤,必须确定碎片云速度特性。文章在冲量和能量守恒的基础上,建立了碎片速度性分析模型,研究了碎片云的速度特性,得到了碎片云材料传播及碎片云喷射角随弹丸撞击速度的变化规律。 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(8):1965-1980
A key requirement for accurate trajectory prediction and space situational awareness is knowledge of how non-conservative forces affect space object motion. These forces vary temporally and spatially, and are driven by the underlying behavior of space weather particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Existing trajectory prediction algorithms adjust space weather models based on calibration satellite observations. However, lack of sufficient data and mismodeling of non-conservative forces cause inaccuracies in space object motion prediction, especially for uncontrolled debris objects. The uncontrolled nature of debris objects makes them particularly sensitive to the variations in space weather. Our research takes advantage of this behavior by utilizing observations of debris objects to infer the space environment parameters influencing their motion.The hypothesis of this research is that it is possible to utilize debris objects as passive, indirect sensors of the space environment. We focus on estimating atmospheric density and its spatial variability to allow for more precise prediction of LEO object motion. The estimated density is parameterized as a grid of values, distributed by latitude and local sidereal time over a spherical shell encompassing Earth at a fixed altitude of 400 km. The position and velocity of each debris object are also estimated. A Partially Orthogonal Ensemble Kalman Filter (POEnKF) is used for assimilation of space object measurements to estimate density.For performance comparison, the scenario characteristics (number of objects, measurement cadence, etc.) are based on a sensor tasking campaign executed for the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model project. The POEnKF analysis details spatial comparisons between the true and estimated density fields, and quantifies the improved accuracy in debris object motion predictions due to more accurate drag force models from density estimates. It is shown that there is an advantage to utilizing multiple debris objects instead of just one object. Although the work presented here explores the POEnKF performance when using information from only 16 debris objects, the research vision is to utilize information from all routinely observed debris objects. Overall, the filter demonstrates the ability to estimate density to within a threshold of accuracy dependent on measurement/sensor error. In the case of a geomagnetic storm, the filter is able to track the storm and provide more accurate density estimates than would be achieved using a simple exponential atmospheric density model or MSIS Atmospheric Model (when calm conditions are assumed). 相似文献
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空间碎片减缓措施及其研究对策 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
罗刚桥 《中国空间科学技术》2001,21(6):33-42
随着人类空间技术的进步和发展 ,每年发射进入太空的人造天体越来越多。当这些人造天体失效后 ,由于目前人类对其缺乏及时有效的回收手段 ,随着时间的推移 ,堆积在太空中的废弃物将越来越多 ,总有一天人类再也不能向太空中发射任何人造天体。因此为了合理利用和保护有限的太空资源 ,则必须减少或清除太空垃圾。文章正是基于上述目的 ,在人类尚无有效回收手段的情况下 ,考虑利用现有的技术提出一些空间碎片的减缓措施 ,并在此基础上提出中国对空间碎片减缓应采取的对策 相似文献
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《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(7):1714-1722
The space debris environment is one of the major threats against payloads. Space debris orbital distribution is of great importance for space debris environment modeling. Due to perturbation factors, the Right Ascension of Ascending Node (RAAN) of space objects changes consistently, causing regular rotation of the orbit plane around Earth’s axis. Based on the investigation of the RAAN perturbation rate of concerned objects, this paper proposes a RAAN discretization method in order to present the space debris longitude-dependent distribution. Combined with two line element (TLE) data provided by the US Space Surveillance Network, the estimated value from RAAN discretization method is compared with the real case. The results suggest that using only the initial orbital data at the beginning of the time interval of interest, the RAAN discretization method is able to provide reliable longitude distribution of concerned targets in the next following period. Furthermore, spacecraft cumulative flux against space debris is calculated in this paper. The results suggest that the relevance between spacecraft RAAN setup and flux output is much smaller for LEO targets than MEO targets, which corresponds with the theory analysis. Since the nonspherical perturbation is the major factor for RAAN variation, the RAAN perturbation rate has little connection with the size of orbital objects. In other words, the RAAN discretization method introduced in this paper also applies to space debris of different size range, proposing a possible suggestion for the improvement of space debris environment engineering models. 相似文献
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微流星体及空间碎片的高速撞击威胁着长寿命、大尺寸航天器的安全运行,导致其严重的损伤和灾难性的失效。为精确估计微流星体及空间碎片高速撞击防护屏所产生碎片云对舱壁的损伤,必须确定碎片云中三种状态材料的特性,建立了碎片云特性分析模型,分别计算了柱状弹丸撞击防护屏所产生碎片云以及碎片云中弹丸和防护屏材料三种状态物质的质量分布。通过计算分析可见,弹丸以不同速度撞击防护屏所产生碎片云三种状态物质的质量分布是不同的,速度增大,液化和气化增强,对靶件的损伤小。而在速度小于7km/s时,碎片云以固体碎片的形式存在,对靶件的损伤大。 相似文献
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航天器微流星体及空间碎片环境与风险分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微流星体及空间碎片的高速撞击威胁着长寿命、大尺寸航天器的安全运行 ,导致其严重的损伤和灾难性的失效。文章对低地球轨道微流星体及空间碎片环境进行了分析 ,给出了微流星体及空间碎片对航天器威胁方向的确定方法 ,得到了空间碎片撞击航天器相对撞击角的概率分布以及地球对微流星体遮挡的影响。编制了风险分析软件 ,以采用单防护屏防护结构的柱状低地球轨道航天器为例进行风险分析。 相似文献
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Claudio Portelli Fernand Alby Richard Crowther Uwe Wirt 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
The Space systems today provide growing benefits to enhance the quality of humankind. However, as a by-product, the orbiting objects inevitably leaves some debris which after 50 years of space activities represent a concern for all space agencies and manufacturers and operators. Since last year no international agreement was in place to mitigate the growing population of space debris objects. The successful result obtained at UN-COPUOS in 2007 and available in the OOSA web site, now gives to the public, a set of voluntary international guidelines that could, if adopted by each space fairing Country, help in maintaining the present space environment. More further steps are necessary in the future to define a legal and normative framework. The paper will present the seven established UN Space Debris guidelines as well as examples of the minimum steps to be carried out at national level to enable the UN-COPUOS to start the discussion of the legal aspect associated with the space debris issue. 相似文献