多尺度湍流模式在压缩拐角绕流中的应用

 应用4 个多尺度涡粘性湍流模式对一个二维压缩拐角流动进行了数值模拟,通过与实验结果以及两个基准模式(一个单尺度k-ε两方程模式和一个零方程模式) 的计算结果的比较,结合压缩性对湍能输运的作用、湍流的非平衡性对多尺度湍流模式在拐角非平衡湍流中的应用进行了评估。     

Sajben跨声速扩压器分离流动中湍流模式数值研究

为研究湍流模式对激波/湍流边界层干扰内流流动的影响,提高数值计算准确度,使用SA,SST k-ω,非线性EASM k-ω,Gao-Yong四个湍流模式对Sajben扩压器内激波/湍流边界层干扰流动进行了数值计算。对流项采用Roe格式离散,扩散项采用二阶中心格式离散,离散后的控制方程用多步Runge-Kutta显示时间推进法求解。文中展示了四个湍流模式计算得到的壁面压力、速度剖面、摩阻系数等分布。计算值与实验值符合很好,四个湍流模式总体上能够较好地模拟扩压器内激波/湍流边界层干扰复杂分离流动。Gao-Yong湍流模式对分离区内的压力、速度型的模拟更加准确,而非线性EASM k-ω模式对分离再附点位置计算最理想。     

Sajben扩压器复杂流动中湍流模型的性能评估

用8个常用的湍流模型对Sajben扩压器中跨声速流动进行了数值模拟,评估了Spalart-Allmaras, 标准k-ε, RNG (re-normalization group) k-ε,realizable k-ε,标准k-ω,SST(shear stress transport) k-ω,v2-f,Reynolds stress共8个湍流模型对激波/湍流边界层相互作用的模拟预测能力.通过与实验数据比较发现:SST k-ω模型和v2-f模型比其他模型模拟的更准确,其中SST k-ω模型比v2-f更能准确地预测壁面压力,然而对于分离点、再附点以及分离区长度v2-f比SST k-ω预测得更准确.      

分层Reynolds应力模式

本文根据切变湍流结构的特征提出一种分层Reynolds应力模式。在切变湍流中存在湍能生成项达到狭峰的极大值层次(本文称它为活跃层),根据这一特征,在活跃层中保留微分Reynolds应力模式,但它可以简化为常微分方程。在两层活跃层之间以及活跃层和壁面之间的Reynolds应力分布,用满足衔接相容条件的多项式近似。时均湍流场将由以上得到的Reynolds应力代入Reynolds方程求出。用本方法计算了两个比较复杂的湍流例子,结果表明,本方法较常用的k-ε模式有明显的优越性,它的计算时间并不比k-ε模式多,而计算结果与实测结果的吻合则较k-ε模式好得多。另一方面本方法较之完全的微分Reynolds应力模式可大大节省计算时间。     

两种k-ω型湍流模型在无网格方法中的应用研究

基于在高度各向异性点云结构中取得良好结果的点云重构技术,采用移动最小二乘无网格法解耦计算了k-ω型湍流模型方程和雷诺平均N-S方程(RANS),实现了对湍流流动的数值模拟。通过对NACA0012翼型、RAE2822翼型的绕流以及后向台阶大分离流动的数值模拟,比较分析了k-ωSST(Shear Stress Transport)和k-ωTNT(Turbulent/Non-Turbulent)两种模型的湍流预测能力。结果表明:对弱逆压梯度情况下的湍流,两者具有相当的预测能力;而k-ωSST较k-ωTNT具有更好的激波捕捉能力。对于大分离流动,两种模型较实验数据均存在一定差异,但总体趋势吻合良好。     

多尺度湍流模型在圆柱绕流中的应用

使用基于可变时间间隔平均方法的多尺度湍流模型,对高超临界区雷诺数下非定常圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟.结果表明:多尺度湍流模型在升阻力系数预测上与实验值一致,而标准k-ε模型和SST(shear stress transport)k-ω模型却只能兼顾其一;在旋涡脱落特性预测上与实验值相一致,其误差小于SST k-ω模型的5.8%和标准k-ε模型的37.6%;在表面平均压力系数分布预测上其误差仅为3.6%,明显优于SSTk-ω模型的13%和标准k-ε模型的53.7%;在表面摩擦因数分布及分离角度方面与实验结果相吻合,且分离角度误差仅为0.78%,结果优于标准k-ε模型的1.04%和SSTk-ω模型的1.83%,充分验证了该湍流模型应用于复杂湍流模拟预报的潜力.     

湍流模型对湍流射流CFD模拟的影响

横流中的湍流射流涡旋结构复杂,湍流模型对其模拟结果影响很大。采用S-A,Realizable k-ε,k-ω和SST k-ω四种湍流模型对吹风比为0.5和1.5工况下的横流中射流进行了数值模拟研究。与实验值比较验证了数值模拟结果的可信性。分析了旋转张量和剪切张量对湍流生成的影响。发现四种湍流模型对下游速度分布的预测均较为准确,在小吹风比下S-A模型性能最好;在大吹风比下k-ω模型较为准确。     

新型单方程湍流模型构造及其应用

为了提高雷诺应力本构关系式对于非平衡湍流的预测精度并且兼顾求解效率,发展了一种基于湍动能k的单方程(KDO)湍流模型。其主要思路为:采用平板直接数值模拟(DNS)数据对原始Bradshaw假设进行重新标定,使得当地湍动能和雷诺主应力之比能够根据当地流动条件进行自适应调节;同时,对标准k-ε模型中的湍流耗散率输运方程采用代数形式进行模化,进而形成一种一方程湍流模型。算例结果表明:KDO湍流模型对于对数率能够准确反馈,而在带有激波或部件干扰等流动现象的RAE-2822、ONERA-M6和DLR-F6算例中,KDO湍流模型能够准确控制湍动能的增长和衰减,相比于Spalart-Allmaras和Menter k-ω剪切应力输运(SST)模型,KDO湍流模型的计算结果有了较为明显的改善。     

应用修正的k-ε模型研究超声速H2/Air燃烧

为了研究超声速燃烧中流体可压缩性的影响,对标准k-ε湍流模型进行可压缩性修正(包括结构可压缩性修正和膨胀可压缩性修正两部分)。分别应用标准k-ε模型、修正的k-ε模型和雷诺应力模型(RSM),考虑氢气/空气详细化学反应机理(GR I-M ech 2.11机理,10组分,28基元反应),数值模拟有壁面限制的超声速混合层冷态及热态流场。结果表明:壁面和燃烧对湍流影响都很大;修正模型对冷态以及燃烧场的预测结果优于其它两个;修正模型预测的混合层厚度更薄,燃烧区域更窄,与实验结果吻合地更好。     

三维加力燃烧室两相湍流燃烧的数值模拟

本文对涡扇发动机三维加力燃烧室内的两相湍流燃烧过程进行了数值模拟。两相流模型采用双流体模型,湍流模型采用标准 k-ε模型,湍流燃烧采用涡旋破碎 ( EBU)模型,数值方法采用 LEAGAP算法。计算结果定性合理。      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.