Single-stage ZVS PWM full-bridge converter

A new soft-switched ac-dc single-stage pulse width modulation (PWM) full-bridge converter is proposed. The converter operates with zero-voltage switching (ZVS), fixed switching frequency, and with a continuous input current that is sinusoidal and in phase with the input voltage. This is in contrast with other ac-dc single-stage PWM full-bridge converters that are either resonant converters operating with variable switching frequency control and high conduction losses, converters whose switches cannot operate with ZVS, or converters that cannot perform power factor correction (PFC) unless the input current is discontinuous. All converter switches operate with soft-switching due to a simple auxiliary circuit that is used for only a small fraction of the switching cycle. The operation of the converter is explained and analyzed, guidelines for the design of the converter are given, and its feasibility is shown with results obtained from an experimental prototype.     

Single-phase power-factor-correction AC/DC converters with threePWM control schemes

Three pulse-width modulation (PWM) control schemes for a single-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) AC/DC converter are presented to improve the power quality. A diode bridge with two power switches is employed as a PFC circuit to achieve a high power factor and low line current harmonic distortion. The control schemes are based on look-up tables with hysteresis current controller (HCC) to generate two-level or three-level PWM on the DC side of diode rectifier. Based on the proposed three control schemes, the line current is driven to follow the sinusoidal current command which is in phase with the supply voltage, and two capacitor voltages on the DC bus are controlled to be balanced. The simulation and experimental results of a 1 kW converter with load as well as line voltage variation and shown to verify the proposed control schemes. It is shown that unity PFC is achieved using a simple control circuit and the measured line current harmonics satisfy the IEC 1000-3-2 requirements     

Tapped-inductor filter assisted soft-switching PWM DC-DC power converter

A novel high-frequency transformer linked full-bridge type soft-switching phase-shift pulsewidth modulated (PWM) controlled dc-dc power converter is presented, which can be used as a power conditioner for small-scale photovoltaic and fuel cell power generation systems as well as isolated boost dc-dc power converter for automotive ac power supply. In these applications with low-voltage large-current sources, the full-bridge circuit is the most attractive topology due to the possibility of using low-voltage high-performance metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and achieving high efficiency of the dc-dc power converter. A tapped-inductor filter including the freewheeling diode is newly implemented in the output stage of the full-bridge phase-shift PWM dc-dc converter to achieve soft-switching operation for the wide load variation range. Moreover, in the proposed converter circuit, the circulating current is effectively minimized without using additional resonant circuit and auxiliary power switching devices. The practical effectiveness of the proposed soft-switching dc-dc power converter was verified in laboratory level experiment with 1 kW 100 kHz breadboard setup using power MOSFETs. Actual efficiency of 94-97% was obtained for the wide duty cycle and load variation ranges.     

Control technique for high power factor multilevel rectifier

Three control techniques for a high power factor multilevel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier are proposed. The proposed rectifier is based on series connection of full-bridge cell to achieve a high power factor, low current distortion, low voltage stress of power semiconductors and two balanced output voltages. The look-up table is used in the proposed control schemes to reduce the hardware circuit. A capacitor voltage compensator is used to balance two dc capacitor voltages in order to obtain high quality PWM voltage pattern. Based on the proposed control schemes, two-level or three-level PWM pattern can be generated on the ac side of the adopted rectifier. The proposed techniques for a high power factor multilevel rectifier illustrate its validity and effectiveness through the respective simulations and experiments. According to the measured results, the current harmonics drawn from the mains meet the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 1000-3-2 limits     

基于TMS320F2812生成移相PWM的2种办法

移相 PWM波是很多开关电源常用的驱动脉冲信号。双向全桥直流变换器(Bidirectional-Full-Bridge DCDC Converter,BDC)在双重移相控制方式下时需要 4组两两互补的移相 PWM波。文章基于 TMS320F2812型 DSP(Digital Signal Processor)分析了 2种生成移相 PWM的方法。为提高双向全桥直流变换器工作的安全性和可靠性,为移相 PWM波设置死区时间。对所提出的方法进行测试后结果良好,对于双向全桥直流变换器闭环控制系统的构建具有重要意义。     

大功率直升机舰面保障直流电源的设计

本文以直升机舰面保障直流电源为研究对象,分析了移相全桥零电压PWM变换器工作原理,并建立了系统的数学模型。根据对模型的仿真,设计了变换器的控制参数并进行了试验,试验结果证明该设计方案是可行的。     

移相全桥变换器寄生振荡的抑制方法研究

移相全桥变换器是中大功率直流/直流变换场合的一种理想拓扑,但在其输出整流桥上会产生寄生振荡,二极管上存在很高的尖峰电压。这将带来电路损耗并影响整流桥的使用寿命,因此应该想办法抑制。文中分析了寄生振荡产生的原因,介绍了几种可行的抑制方法,并进行了比较研究和实验验证。     

Battery charger design for the Columbus MTFF power system

A novel pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) dc-dc converter topology is proposed for the battery charge regulator (BCR) of the Columbus Man-Tended Free-Flyer (MTFF) power system. The system is a regulated bus system. Bus voltage control is implemented at the input of the BCR. The use of a conventional buck topology with PWM conductance control at the input results in a second-order behavior. A study of new PWM dc-dc converter topologies has been made to attain a suitable topology. The proposed converter topology is designed and a breadboard including the control loop has been built and tested. The experimental results show that the converter operates according to the design constraints.     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

三相电压型PWM整流器的模糊PI控制方法

在双闭环控制的基础上,分析了整流器的模糊PI控制,建立了三相PWM整流器MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真模型。结果表明,该方法能够实现PWM整流器的高功率因数并且有良好的动态性能,从而验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性。     

ZCS-PWM boost rectifier with high power factor and low conduction losses

A new single-phase high power factor rectifier is proposed, which features regulation by conventional pulsewidth modulation (PWM), soft commutation, and instantaneous average line current control. A new zero-current-switching PWM (ZCS-PWM) auxiliary circuit is configured in the presented ZCS-PWM rectifier to perform ZCS in the switches and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) in the diodes. Furthermore, soft commutation of the main switch is achieved without additional current stress by the presented ZCS-PWM auxiliary circuit. A significant reduction in the conduction losses is achieved, since the circulating current for the soft switching flows only through the auxiliary circuit and a minimum number of switching devices are involved in the circulating current path and the proposed rectifier uses a single converter instead of the conventional configuration composed of a four-diode front-end rectifier followed by a boost converter. Seven transition states for describing the behavior of the ZCS-PWM rectifier in one switching period are described. The PWM switch model is used to predict the system performance. A prototype rated at 1 kW, operating 60 kHz, with an input ac voltage of 220 V/sub rms/ and an output voltage 400 V/sub dc/ has been implemented in laboratory. An efficiency of 97.2% and power factor near 0.99 has been measured. The analysis and design of the control circuitry are also presented.     

Fourier theory of jumps applied to converter harmonic analysis

The Fourier theory of jumps (FTJ) is demonstrated as an aid in deriving closed-form analytical equations for converter switching harmonics. The switching waveforms analyzed are the input current and output voltage and current of a three-phase, ac-dc, step-down, dead-band pulsewidth modulated (PWM), unity power factor converter. The input current closed-form harmonic equation is derived for two parallel-connected, interleaved-PWM converters supplying the same load and sharing a common input filter. The equations are compared with PSpice^TM simulations and practical results     

Buck modulator with improved large-power bandwidth

A dynamic pulsewidth modulator (DPM) is synthesized to generate a PWM (pulsewidth modulated) signal from dynamic converter variables and from a (quasi-)static control signal. Based on a pragmatic principle with simple hardware implementation, the DPM can be functionally integrated with a PWM converter to broaden the converter power bandwidth, enhancing the converter's ability to meet stringent dynamic specifications. Even if bandwidth broadening is not the prime objective, the smaller phase shift associated with the broader bandwidth simplifies the design of the regulation loop. The DPM principle can also linearize the large-signal behavior of a nonlinear converter. The theory is demonstrated and verified for a buck converter, whose PWM bandwidth is extended from 1/50 of the switching frequency to about 1/3 of the switching frequency.     

Modeling the Full-Bridge Series-Resonant Power Converter

A steady state model is derived for the full-bridge series-resonant power converter. Normalized parametric curves for various currents and voltages are then plotted versus the triggering angle of the switching devices. The calculations are compared with experimental measurements made on a 50 kHz converter and a discussion of certain operating problems is presented.     

具有功率因数校正的零电压开关谐振变换器设计

传统型PWM控制的开关电源是硬件开关，开关损耗大，不利于向小型化，轻量化发展。本提出利用零电压开关谐振技术实现功率开关管的软开关技术，从而降低开关损耗，并采用SG3525为核心的主开关控制电路，提高系统的动态响应性能，同时采用UC3854对AC／DC变换过程作了功率因数校正，以改善输入电流的波形，提高电力资源的利用率。     

Novel single-switch converter with power factor correction

A new single-stage single-switch power factor correction converter with output electrical isolation is presented. The configuration of this converter is achieved by combining a flyback circuit and a forward circuit in one power stage. The principle of operation and steady-state analysis of the proposed topology is given. Based on its steady-state operation constraints, a design procedure along with a specific design example is reported. To verify the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter, a design example is given with its PSPICE simulation and experimental results     

基于DPS控制的双向全桥直流变换器的建模

为方便双向全桥直流变换器的稳定性分析以及闭环控制器的设计,利用广义状态空间平均法对工作在双重移相控制方式下的双向全桥直流变换器进行了建模研究,得到了系统的大信号模型,通过线性化处理,得到系统小信号模型,并根据小信号模型进行了控制器设计。利用Matlab仿真验证所建立模型的准确性以及闭环系统的稳定性,仿真结果表明,小信号模型能准确跟随系统输出,且闭环系统符合GJB 181B要求。     

并联H桥DC/DC变换器软开关技术研究

与传统的Buck电路相比,基于H桥并联的DC/DC变换器可以实现电压的双极性输出和故障时的冗余控制,非常适合用于大功率电动机正反转控制的场合。分析了并联H桥型DC/DC变换器的结构组成和双脉宽调制(PWM)模式。为了降低双脉宽调制下H桥型DC/DC变换器的开通和关断损耗,对无源软开关技术进行了分析,重点探讨了RCD缓冲电路和最小应力缓冲电路之间的性能差异,指出最小应力软开关技术可以获得更好的软开关性能,并就将其用于双脉宽调制下的并联H桥DC/DC变换器进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:最小应力软开关技术用于双脉宽调制下并联H桥DC/DC变换器时,可以实现开关管的零电压开通和零电流关断。     

飞机机载电源与其负载适配性研究

随着新一代飞机的电源容量和机载用电设备的大幅增加,机载电源和用电设备的适配性问题越来越重要．新的国际机载电源标准ISO1540强调机载电源和用电设备必须同时达到规定要求．以实现飞机供电系统的安全可靠运行。对机载电源和用电设备的特性要求进行分析研究,为机载电源和用电设备的设计和维修提供参考。