THE ELECTRIC FIELD AND WAVE EXPERIMENT FOR THE CLUSTER MISSION

The electric-field and wave experiment (EFW) on Cluster is designed to measure the electric-field and density fluctuations with sampling rates up to 36000 samples s^-1. Langmuir probe sweeps can also be made to determine the electron density and temperature. The instrument has several important capabilities. These include (1) measurements of quasi-static electric fields of amplitudes up to 700 mV m^-1 with high amplitude and time resolution, (2) measurements over short periods of time of up to five simualtaneous waveforms (two electric signals and three magnetic signals from the seach coil magnetometer sensors) of a bandwidth of 4 kHz with high time resolution, (3) measurements of density fluctuations in four points with high time resolution. Among the more interesting scientific objectives of the experiment are studies of nonlinear wave phenomena that result in acceleration of plasma as well as large- and small-scale interferometric measurements. By using four spacecraft for large-scale differential measurements and several Langmuir probes on one spacecraft for small-scale interferometry, it will be possible to study motion and shape of plasma structures on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This paper describes the primary scientific objectives of the EFW experiment and the technical capabilities of the instrument.     

THE CLUSTER MISSION: ESA'S SPACEFLEET TO THE MAGNETOSPHERE

During the first half of 1996, the European Space Agency (ESA) will launch a unique flotilla of spacecraft to study the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere in unprecedented detail. The Cluster mission was first proposed to the Agency in late 1982 and was selected, together with SOHO, as the Solar Terrestrial Science Programme (STSP), the first cornerstone of ESA's Horizon 2000 Programme. It is a complex four-spacecraft mission designed to carry out three-dimensional measurements of the magnetosphere, covering both large- and small-scale phenomena in the sunward and tail regions. The mission is a first for ESA in a number of ways: – the first time that four identical spacecraft have been launched on a single launch vehicle, – the first time that ESA has built spacecraft in true series production and operated them as a single group, – the first time that European scientific institutes have produced a series of up to five instruments with full intercalibration, and – the first launch of the Agency's new heavy launch vehicle Ariane-5. The article gives an overview of this unique mission and the requirements that governed the spacecraft design. It then describes in detail the resulting design and how the particular engineering challenges posed by the series production of four identical spacecraft and sets of scientific instruments were met by the combined efforts of the ESA Project Team, Industry and the experiment teams.     

THE CLUSTER DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM: A DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM IN SUPPORT OF A CHALLENGING SCIENTIFIC MISSION

The Cluster mission is aimed at the study of small-scale structures that are believed to be fundamental in determining the behaviour of key interactive processes of cosmic plasma. The mission will be controlled from the European Space Operations Centre (ESOC). ESOC is also in charge of the commanding of the scientific payloads on-board the four Cluster spacecraft after negotiation with the Cluster Principal Investigators (PIs) and of collecting and distributing the mission's scientific results to the Cluster community. This paper describes the process of translating the scientific requirements of the Cluster mission into a data-processing system supporting the mission via the definition of an appropriate operational scenario. In particular, the process of negotiation between the PIs and ESOC to command the spacecraft is mediated by the Joint Science Operations Centre (JSOC) and finalised by the Cluster Mission Planning System (CMPS) while the return of the data to the Cluster community is actuated by the Cluster Data Disposition System (CDDS). The Cluster Mission Control System (CMCS) provides the interface between these two systems and the spacecraft. These elements constitute the Cluster Data-Processing System (CDPS).     

转子-SFDB系统通过共振时的瞬态动力特性

 本文对一个支于挤压油膜阻尼器轴承的柔性转子升降速通过共振时发生跳跃现象的瞬态过程进行了试验研究和理论分析,探讨了油膜压力边界状态,不平衡参数、转速范围与跳跃现象之间的相互关系,所得结论对于挤压油膜阻尼器的工程设计具有实际意义。     

某发动机涡轮故障叶片共振相干分析与可靠性评估

分析了某发动机二级涡轮叶片的振动特性、振型应力,共振特性;并结合内外场大量的频率统计数据进行了共振相干分析,分析了叶片故障原因,并提出采用限频、调频等排故措施。      

单轴双桨叶直升机“地面共振”的数值分析

对共轴双桨叶双旋翼系统及单轴双桨叶直升机在各向异性支座上的“地面共振”问题进行了数值分析。对计算结果及问题进行了讨论。     

行波管系统频响特性的测试与分析

在结构的声疲劳试验中, 为了准确地模拟声场环境对试验进行总声压级控制已经不能完全反映结构承受的声载环境, 需要实现在一定频率范围内的谱形控制, 尤其在结构件响应的主要频带上, 频带声压级的大小对结构响应和声疲劳损伤起着重要的作用。     

关于起落架收放中转轴及转动的确定

 本文对用解析法确定起落架收放中转轴及转动的问题,进行一些探讨,除提出如何利用刚体绕斜轴的转动矩阵进行求解外,还对转轴和转角的某些求法进行补充。文中附有一飞机起落架收放算例。本文内容也可用于航空、航天器中一些天线、传感器等的收放设计。     

分布式航空电子系统信息传输机构设计研究

 航空电子系统日益增长的复杂性使其必须走向分布式处理的道路。本文介绍一个基于1553B总线的分布式航空电子系统的实验模型——EPDAS系统,讨论了EPDAS系统信息传输机构的有关组成部分:总线通信协议、通信管理软件和总线接口,本文在分析传统的同步总线控制方式的缺点之后,提出了询问和命令/响应相结合的总线控制方式,该方式能提高总线传输的效率和实时性。在EPDAS系统的总线接口设计中,引入了流水线并行处理技术,解决了总线接口的瓶颈问题,并使之易于VLSI化;伪DMA控制的概念,使总线接口电路更加简化;共享存贮器的互连技术,具有效率高、控制简单、容易实现等优点。EPDAS系统结构合理、效率高,符合国情、适合于新一代的飞机。     

裂纹与一类线型扁平夹杂相互干涉的应力强度因子

本文应用奇异积分方程法研究裂纹与一类线型扁平夹杂相互干涉的弹性力学平面问题。将裂纹与夹杂非相交情况推广到在端点以任意角度相交情况。一对位错和一对集中力的格林函数分别被用以形成裂纹和夹杂。通过对所得奇异积分方程组的奇异性分析,确定了裂纹与夹杂在端点以任意角度相交时端点和交点处的应力奇异性指数。最后导出了裂纹与夹杂尖端应力强度因子的计算公式并进行了一些数值计算。结果表明本文的方法对于处理类似的奇异性问题是非常有效的。     

冷热两股气流在圆管内掺混的速度场、温度场与辐射通量场的数值方法

用数值方法求解冷热两股轴对称平行射流在圆管内掺混的流场、温度场和辐射通量场。计算采用一种通用性的数值方法,其特点是强烈地以物理本质为基础,而不仅仅是单纯的数学推导。这样做,能方便地分析和解释计算结果,使之更真实地接近于实际。 通过计算,分析了当引射系数改变时,掺混的流场,温度场和辐射通量场的变化规律,其结果与实验数据比较一致。     

JJ6飞机进入和改出尾旋的分析

 本文对JJ6飞机的尾旋特性运用微分方程的分叉、突变理论作了分析和预测。并进行了时域动态响应计算。探讨其运动机理以及各操纵面在尾旋进入和改出中的作用。理论计算与试飞结果相比,基本符合。     

驾驶员建模精度分析方法的改进及应用

研究了驾驶员建模精度分析方法和提高建模精度的途径。基于驾驶员在环实时仿真结果,识别驾驶员描述函数,按加权最小二乘准则采用复形调优算法识别模型参数。结合两步识别过程,针对现有模型精度公式在最终模型检验上的缺陷,进一步完善了精度评价公式。根据公式提出了基于灵敏度分析的驾驶员模型参数调整方法。应用结果表明：所建立的公式和方法对提高驾驶员模型建模精度效果明显。     

三维空间双机格斗的捕捉区和危险区

 本文应用微分对策理论对三维空间双机格斗问题进行研究,给出了以目标机进入方向、界栅和等时线组成的捕捉区与危险区的确定方法,画出二架飞机的捕捉区和危险区,并讨论了这些区域的性质,得出与实际空战相符的结论。     

飞机选型的综合评价与优先权灵敏度分析

 采用多目标决策理论建立了一个多层次的飞机选型的综合评价模型,在此基础上,讨论了优先权灵敏度分析的方法以及在飞机选型问题上的应用。     

水岸人文景观新趋势 海天一色共辽阔

<正>新北市政府升格后,淡水区的人口成长数居冠,除中央的淡海新市镇开发计划,成功吸引人口迁入外,淡水拥有的天然风景及人文历史也是重要因素。淡水无论从人口成长及重大建设的面向来看,都已经有"大城市"的格局。淡海是具有山河海景观,兼具慢活人文特质的宜居城市,22度的年均温舒适宜人且拥有多座公园绿地。目前已成型的淡水艺文带有云门舞集、朱宗庆打击乐团、重建街创意市集与沙仑文化园区,邻近沪尾炮台及和平公园,自捷运淡水站到渔人码头一带,将成为观光艺文特区。淡水不但有市区繁华机能,更具有郊区休闲的悠然,历史风情与人文景致的情景交融,是周休二日的养心胜地。     

机动襟翼控制规律的设计及飞机动态特性研究

飞机机动襟翼的控制规律~般是通过大量的风洞实验确定的。本文尝试用线性理论和辨识技术给出~个简单的理论设计方法,把襟翼偏角设计成迎角和马赫数的函数,所用数据是所有襟翼偏角对应的升、阻值,无需找出最小阻力包线,从而减少了计算或实验次数。文中用该方法对某型机的机动襟翼控制规律进行了设计,结果表明,该规律的襟翼偏角与实验有利值基本吻合。同时,仿真计算表明飞机的操、稳特性符合军用规范。因此这~方法对飞机设计中确定襟翼控制规律有~定的实际意义。     

复杂构形的亚、跨、超音速定常及非定常气动力的Green函数算法综述

对亚、跨、超音速定常及非定常气动力的 Green函数算法作了简要回顾 ,包括该方法的基本原理、近年来在国内的发展及其在气动弹性和气动载荷计算中的应用等。算例表明该方法适用范围广、计算效率高且比较准确     

火箭发动机－超音速扩压器－蒸汽引射泵组合式高空模拟试验系统的性能研究

通过对火箭发动机－超音速扩压器－蒸汽引射泵组合式高空模拟系统的理论分析和实验研究，提出了扩大ＧＳ－１高空模拟试车台试验能力的几项新方案。     

武装直升机IFFC系统目标状态估计器的设计与仿真探讨

目标状态估计器(TSE-Target State Estimator)是综合飞行／火力控制(IFFC-Integrated Flight and Fire Control)系统中的一个重要组成环节，它对测量的目标参数进行滤波估值，提高了火控系统的命中率。本文阐述了目标状态估计器的设计一般方法，并以地面匀速运动的坦克为目标，对其进行了设计与仿真。