直升机发动机部件裂纹扩展寿命估算研究

本文基于应力强度因子理论分析,给出了裂纹断裂和扩展程度的预测方法并导出了裂纹断裂临界尺寸公式;通过描述裂纹扩展速率的Paris公式,导出了裂纹扩展寿命计算公式,最后给出了某型直升机发动机部件裂纹扩展寿命估算的实例。     

GLALL层板疲劳裂纹扩展特性分析

对玻璃纤维/铝合金混杂复合层板GLALL的疲劳裂纹扩展特性进行了有限元分析, 应用能量法得到了GLALL板铝合金层裂纹尖端的应力强度因子随裂纹长度的变化规律。由于高强度玻璃纤维对铝合金层裂纹的桥接作用, 降低了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子, 因而使得裂纹的疲劳扩展速率也大为降低, 且随裂纹长度的增加基本不变化。计算结果与实验符合很好。      

裂纹参数和筋条布局对共振九宫板动态应力强度因子的影响

由于裂纹的出现会改变振动结构的断裂行为,本文建立了含中心裂纹九宫板结构的有限元模型并采用模态叠加原理快速求解出该结构在共振条件下的裂纹尖端应力强度因子（SIF）,然后分析并讨论了裂纹参数（偏转角度和裂纹长度）及筋条布局对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：随着裂纹偏转角度的增加,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型应力强度因子最大值分别表现出不同的变化趋势（单调增加、无显著变化、先增加后减小）;裂纹长度同时影响应力强度因子最大值和裂纹类型;对于裂纹参数相同的九宫板,筋条布局改变了结构的模态振型,从而导致不同裂纹类型出现;特别地,当九宫板中央区域为正方形时,应力强度因子最大值和裂纹类型对裂纹偏转角度不敏感。     

基于能量模型的三维穿透裂纹扩展研究

利用能量释放率与应力强度因子的关系,给出了裂纹尖端的有效能量释放率;裂纹稳定扩展时有效能量释放率恰好等于裂纹扩展阻力,利用裂纹尖端前沿各点的有效能量释放率相等关系,提出了一种基于能量模型的三维穿透裂纹扩展形貌计算方法,可以计算不同厚度试样的三维穿透裂纹扩展形貌,并通过不同厚度单侧裂纹板的有限元仿真计算和试验进行了验证.仿真与试验结果表明:利用基于能量模型的三维穿透裂纹扩展形貌计算方法可以确定三维结构的裂纹扩展形貌;随着单侧裂纹板厚度的增加,裂纹尖端“隧道效应”消失,裂纹扩展形貌转变为“马鞍”形;试样自由面处的裂纹扩展速率要小于中面处的裂纹扩展速率.      

国产HTPB复合推进剂裂纹扩展特性的实验研究

依据Ｓｃｈａｐｅｒｙ Ｒ Ａ＾（１）的粘弹性断裂理论，对国产ＨＴＰＢ复合推进剂进行了Ｉ型裂纹扩展实验。分析了裂纹扩展的特性，表明裂纹扩展开始时存在临界应力强度因子ＫＩｃ。得出该型推进剂裂扩展速率ｄａ／ｄｔ与应力强度因子Ｋ１间的幂函数关系式。讨论了该推进剂材料断裂能Г与裂纹扩展速率的关系。     

带保载平面应变塑性诱发裂纹闭合效应

用黏塑性有限元法模拟含中心裂纹试件在等幅循环拉伸加载和保载作用下的裂纹扩展规律.试件采用涡轮盘材料Udimet720 Li(low inclusion)、恒温700℃和平面应变假设,通过逐步释放裂纹尖端节点约束来模拟裂纹扩展.计算了在应力比R=0,不同最大循环载荷、不同保载时间对平面应变下无量纲裂纹张开应力强度因子的影响.平面应变情况下,无量纲裂纹张开应力强度因子随最大载荷的变化而趋于分散,并随着裂纹的扩展,会存在先上升后下降并趋于一个稳定值的趋势;载荷相同时,保载时间的增加使裂纹张开应力强度因子增加.高温保载情况下,蠕变会影响裂纹扩展速率.      

基于虚拟裂纹闭合法的铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展分析

基于虚拟裂纹闭合法,以Abaqus有限元软件为平台,编写了用户单元子程序,计算出不同裂纹扩展阶段的应变能释放率和裂纹尖端应力强度因子。结合Paris公式,建立了有限元裂纹扩展模型,可仿真再现疲劳裂纹扩展过程,预测裂纹扩展寿命,为损伤容限评估方法提供一种技术支持。     

恒幅加载下7475-T7351铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为

 本文进行了7475-T7351铝合金板材中心开裂试样恒幅加载宽范围应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验。考虑到裂纹张开应力的确定是基于裂纹闭合概念进行裂纹扩展寿命预测的基础,且在工程应用中需要方便地确定有效应力强度因子变程△K_(ett)。本文通过疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN的试验数据导出了所研究材料的裂纹张开应力的经验表达式,进而用有效应力强度因子变程△K_(ett)来联系试验数据,得到对于不同应力比下裂纹扩展行为的统一描述。试验发现,无量纲裂纹张开应力S_(op)/S_(max)随所加最大毛应力水平的提高而降低。 断口分析表明,对于所试验的材料由拉伸型平断口向剪切型斜断口的转变主要受△K_(ett)控制,并注意到由拉伸型向剪切型裂纹增长的过渡对应着S_(op)/S_(max)增加的趋势。     

应力强度因子变程相关的FGH97蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展主导因素

利用扫描电镜对FGH97试件在750℃,应力比为0.05,不同保载时间和应力强度因子变程处的断口微观特征进行了观察,发现保载时间为90s时,随着应力强度因子变程提高,疲劳条带特征逐渐消失,可忽略疲劳载荷作用的应力强度因子变程值位于中等水平处;保载时间为450s和1500s时可忽略疲劳载荷作用的应力强度因子变程值更低.基于包含蠕变-疲劳交互项的3项式模型,引入时间相关和循环相关分量对蠕变-疲劳裂纹扩展试验数据进行了分析,发现不同保载时间下,时间相关分量与循环相关分量对总的裂纹扩展速率的贡献量与应力强度因子变程水平有关.基于分析结果,给出了时间相关裂纹扩展速率描述模型,并讨论了不同保载时间下影响裂纹扩展主导因素的应力强度因子变程值.      

应力比对Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为的影响

采用三点弯曲试样,对钛合金Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V在R=0.1,0.3和0.5三个应力比条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展行为进行研究,得到相应实验条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,并结合断口分析探讨应力比R对该合金疲劳裂纹扩展行为和断裂机理的影响。结果表明:随着应力比R增大,Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V合金在同一ΔK时的疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大,裂纹扩展对应的应力强度因子ΔK范围和扩展门槛值ΔK_(th)减小;三个应力比R作用下试样的疲劳断口表面均可见一些疲劳台阶和二次裂纹;随着应力比R的增加,试样断口表面粗糙度增加,二次裂纹减小;在R=0.1,0.3和0.5三个应力比条件下的疲劳断裂均表现为穿晶断裂。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.