受限空间欠采样条件下航空发动机关键截面流场重构方法研究进展

由于受整机环境下几何特征对探针位置的限制以及3维流动等因素影响，通过有限的测点数据准确获取整机关键测试 截面参数非常困难。为解决这一难题，综合关键截面流场重构项目的研究成果，针对航空发动机内强3维、强不均匀流场，介绍了 一种受限空间欠采样条件下航空发动机复杂流场重构技术。基于航空发动机内流场近周期分布的特征，利用离散的探针数据通 过“多波束近似”的方法来精确重构发动机内部的周向流场。相关技术在重构多级压气机出口截面总压分布、燃烧室出口热斑分 布、高压涡轮出口截面总温分布的测试中进行了初步试验验证，结果表明：重构结果与真实试验结果的误差分别小于0.1%、0.5%、 0.3%。与传统均布或等节距探针布局方案及均值数据处理方法相比，采用新的探针布局方案及流场重构方法可以实现航空发动 机压气机出口总压场、燃烧室及高压涡轮出口总温场的精确重构。     

气冷涡轮叶栅效率的计算方法

将气冷涡轮叶栅中的冷气与主流在边界层中的掺混模型和在边界层外的掺混层中的掺混模型结合起来, 建立了一个预估气冷涡轮叶栅效率的计算模型。根据该模型利用回转面叶栅无粘流场的计算结果和二维叶面边界层流动的计算结果来预估气冷涡轮叶栅的效率。该算法为气冷涡轮叶栅的优化气动设计提供了一个计算手段。      

径向槽对涡轮叶间补燃室性能影响的数值研究

为探究径向槽对涡轮叶间补燃室的影响,设计了两种涡轮叶间补燃室模型.用计算流体动力学的方法对涡轮叶间补燃室内流动及燃烧进行数值模拟,数值模拟结果与实验数据基本吻合.涡轮叶间补燃室性能稳定,燃烧效率在97.5%以上,绝对压力损失为5.7%.叶背径向槽会引起气流在叶背发生分离,流场遭严重破坏,叶盆径向槽会减弱分离现象,改善出口径向平均速度分布.叶盆径向槽可提高燃烧效率,降低叶片表面温度,使叶间、出口温度更均匀.叶盆径向槽较叶背径向槽能降低CO、未燃碳氢化合物的排放量,但会引起NO排放量增加.      

扫频式射流对涡轮叶栅间隙泄漏流动影响的数值研究

为控制涡轮叶栅中叶顶间隙泄漏流动和改善涡轮气动性能,将扫频式射流器(SJA)作为一种主动流动控制方法应用在涡轮叶栅的研究中。通过非定常数值计算,分析了SJA对涡轮叶栅叶顶间隙流动的作用过程以及作用机理,并且研究了不同工况下SJA对涡轮叶顶流场改善效果以及不同频率的SJA对叶顶流场的影响。结果表明:通过在涡轮叶栅上端壁增加单个SJA装置,可以有效地延迟上端壁的流动分离,其中最佳方案射流流量仅为进口总流量的0.35%,涡轮叶栅出口截面总压损失系数减少了11.48%。存在着最佳的频率284Hz,使SJA装置对流场的作用效果最佳,有效地改善了涡轮叶栅内的间隙流动。     

涡轮高载荷动叶片设计及级三维流场数值分析

针对一个涡轮的典型级,减少动叶片的数18只,采用参数化叶型法重新成型三维叶片的五个截面叶型,用Fluent分别对各截面进行粘性S1正问题流场分析计算,然后将5个截面沿径向以各截面的重心积迭形成三维叶栅。对新成型的叶栅和原叶栅组成的涡轮级分别进行三维粘性流动分析,表明新设计的叶栅叶片载荷增加15%,而效率基本保持不变。     

时序效应对涡轮尾迹传递过程影响数值研究

为了研究时序效应对尾迹传递过程的影响,利用基于密度修正的求解雷诺平均N-S方程的商用CFD软件对某一1.5级轴流低压涡轮级进行了详细数值模拟。通过调整第二级导叶的周向位置来产生时序效应,结合涡轮级中湍动能分布、叶片表面剪切应力分布等来详细分析时序效应对涡轮流场的影响。结果表明：同名叶栅数量比例是影响时序效应的一个重要因素,文中时序效应对涡轮效率影响很小,涡轮最大和最小气动效率之间相差0.1%。时序效应对涡轮性能的影响主要体现在尾迹与主流之间的掺混损失和尾迹诱导的边界层转涙损失两方面。当一条进口导叶尾迹在靠近出口导叶吸力面流过通道而与其相邻的另一条尾迹通过出口导叶压力面附近时,涡轮效率最大;当一条进口导叶尾迹撞击在出口导叶前缘而另一条尾迹从出口导叶通道中部通过时涡轮效率最小。     

涡轮叶尖间隙泄漏流动主动控制数值模拟

结合基于压力修正的雷诺应力湍流模型加壁面函数的三维计算流体力学程序,对某一轴流涡轮转子采用叶尖间隙射流主动控制对泄漏流场的影响进行了数值模拟.结果表明:在涡轮叶尖表面选择合适射流孔位置进行射流可以提高涡轮转子效率,其中大间隙下通过射流孔组合射流可以提高涡轮效率0.35%,小间隙下可以提高0.3%;在射流孔区域靠近叶片表面处流场结构中鞍点数和结点数相等,满足奇点总数规律.      

基于过渡态测试数据的高压涡轮盘瞬态热分析模型优化方法

为了提高发动机高压涡轮盘瞬态温度场的分析精度,提出利用试车过程中旋转部件过渡态壁温测试数据的高压涡轮盘瞬态热分析模型优化方法。引入自适应模拟退火（ASA）优化算法,将典型位置处温度计算值与测试数据之间的均方根误差最小为优化目标,建立了过渡态热分析计算模型优化方法,实现了高压涡轮盘瞬态热分析模型的自动优化。以高压涡轮盘实际历程下壁温测点数据为基准,开展瞬态热分析模型优化及验证。结果表明：优化后热分析模型的节点温度计算值随时间的变化曲线与实测温度变化趋势吻合良好,且在全时间域内高压涡轮盘典型位置处瞬态计算壁温与测试值的平均偏差为11 K,最大偏差为15 K,满足工程计算的精度要求。算例表明高压涡轮盘瞬态热分析模型优化方法在提升温度场修正计算效率的同时具备较高的计算精度。     

涡轮高压导叶流场结构及损失分析

采用具有TVD性质有三阶精度Godumov格式，数值模拟了某型涡轮高压导叶流场，并对流场损失及涡系结构进行分析，结果表明由于强烈的径向流，使低能流体大量地迁移到下端壁，使得下端部的损失显著增大，从而引起了总损失的增加。因此在高压导叶设计中，当采用低展弦比叶片时，应注意削弱叶片出口附近流场的严重径向窜流。     

涡轮叶栅端壁表面摩擦阻力的测量

章阐述了用热线探讨进行试验的过程，测量了一涡轮叶栅下游端壁表面摩擦阻力系数分布与进口边界层厚度变化的关系。试验结果表明，表面摩擦阻力系数值随叶栅下游距离的增加有明显的降低。可以推测，在远离叶栅出口的平面，壁面三维流动的影响引起了热线探针的误差。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.