电子飞控飞机的飞行品质适航验证

FAA AC25-7A中的飞行品质评定方法 (HQRM)能够对使用电子飞控系统的民用运输机进行飞行品质评估。分析了HQRM评估程序以及相关适航要求,根据某民用飞机飞控系统功能危险分析,针对单侧升降舵卡阻这一典型故障,提出了在该失效状态下的模拟器飞行品质评估试验程序,分别给出了HQRM和相应军用标准评估方法,对军民评估方法的差异性和一致性进行了分析。研究结果对采用电子飞控系统的现代飞机的飞行品质适航验证具有工程参考意义。     

ROSA Rotorcraft Open Systems Avionics

Commercial standards adopted from the volume-driven electronics markets provide improved processing capacities over those widely used military standards and at reduced cost. Desired future capabilities and advanced functions, such as RPA, require the throughput, bandwidth, and memory provided by commercial processors and data buses. The primary issues needing resolution prior to implementation are related to operations in military rotorcraft environment, reliability, redundancy management, and fault and battle damage tolerance. In addition, some required network components presently do not exist in the preferred form factors. The ROSA project is providing effective laboratory demonstrations of COTS products and open systems specifications and standards to rotorcraft avionics. Preliminary cost estimates forecast large potential savings and create a compelling business case for follow-on research and transition to production systems. In addition, the project is developing a Rotorcraft Technical Architecture with the participation of many industry partners and will promote the resulting documentation as background materials for the JTA-A     

Containing military autotest cost growth through the use ofcommercial standard equipment architectures

The 1990s have been stressful for commercial airline industry: fierce competition has caused the demise of several carriers. The resulting drive to slash operating expenses has bolstered development of avionics industry standards for automated test equipment. Rockwell's Collins Air Transport Division (CATD) has begun to market compliant test gear that airline maintenance departments wishing to acquire modern high performance test systems without the development cost penalty have eagerly received. A similar situation now confronts the military. The various branches can no longer justify the maintenance of independent autotest architectures. This paper describes the CATD implementation of the commercial-standard architecture; shows how we have designed the system to avoid obsolescence; and indicates the considerations that are necessary for adapting it to military scenarios     

An innovative commercial avionics architecture for militarytanker/transport platforms

Honeywell has implemented a versatile integrated avionics (VIA) architecture in several advanced commercial flight deck applications ensuring a military tie to future commercial upgrades related to global air traffic management functions. The VIA architecture can also be easily extended to meet unique military requirements of the advanced military flight decks for military tanker/transport upgrade programs. The subtle changes in the architecture are a result of unique equipment interfaces and unique military equipment such as communications radios, identification friend or foe, station keeping equipment and defensive systems which must be integrated within the architecture. The ability to integrate both commercial and military functions in the same high integrity computing platform truly offers the military the best of both worlds     

Commilitary-another new world order

The use of commercial practices to achieve military functional designs that provide high performance in inexpensive systems, designated here commilitary, is examined. Commilitary designs call for a mix of military quality and technology with some basic restrictions and approaches that are common to the commercial world. Areas such as parts selection, environmental conditions, levels of inspection and test, and configuration control which must be tailored for high volume modules are explored. A forward looking predictive windsheer radar is presented as a successful application of this approach     

基于任务的舰载机驾驶舱人为因素适航评估方法研究

军用飞机飞行安全的主要影响因素由技术因素向人为因素转变,特别针对舰载机的起降模式、飞行条件和视觉环境等特殊情景下,减少舰载机驾驶舱人为因素导致的飞行事故,对确保完成规定的飞行和作战任务,提高舰载机飞行安全水平具有重要意义。结合舰载机特点,通过对人为因素适航标准包括美军标、国标、国 军标、SAE等标准的分析,提出舰载机驾驶舱人为因素适航设计准则;根据飞机研制阶段的特点,提出基于任务的舰载机驾驶舱人为因素评估方法。该方法可为舰载机驾驶舱人为因素适航评估提供思路和方法。     

金属增材制造技术应用于军用飞机维修保障浅析

金属增材制造技术的发展为军用飞机维修保障提供了一条数字化、定制化、高性能、短周期的技术新途径,可提升军用飞机维修保障的技术水平和能力。本文综述了军用飞机维修保障的国内外现状,指出了金属增材制造技术的应用优势,介绍了军用飞机零件的典型损伤形式、不同增材制造工艺的适用性及修复工艺选取方案,分析了所涉及的逆向建模、结构优化、智能机器人等关键技术,详述了目前存在的技术成熟度与可靠性不高、修复原则不明确、标准规范不统一等主要问题及解决措施,指出了增材制造技术在军用飞机维修保障领域未来的发展方向和趋势,并给出了具体的应用建议。     

An assessment of the Qualified Manufacturer List (QML)

The Qualified Manufacturer List (QML) approach, detailed in MIL-I-38535, General Specification for Integrated Circuits (Microcircuit) Manufacturing, embraces many of the commercial practices employed by high volume microcircuit suppliers. Nevertheless, with the availability of highly reliable and lower cost commercial parts, the QML approach becomes unnecessary and undesirable. In this paper we attempt to show why US government support of the QML program is leading the military and government to unaffordable access to out-dated technologies, damaging our country's military and avionics position. We will present information to show why we support the retraction of MIL-PRF-38535 and any other documents which imply that QML parts are superior to commercial parts, including those of QPL, MIL-STD-454, and MIL-HDBK-217 (now prohibited from use in all new Army programs)     

TUBSAT-N,an ultra low cost global communication nanosatellite system

In the framework of the research project TUBSAT-N (Technical University of Berlin SATellite-Nano) it has been demonstrated that it is possible to achieve ultra low cost space access very quickly. TUBSAT-N and TUBSAT-N1 were launched as a satellite cluster in July 1998 with a convertible Russian military SS-23 SHTIL Rocket from a submarine. This project should prove that nanosatellite technology can be a good solution for a commercial ultra-low cost project.     

高超声速飞行器底层性能评价指标的可行性分析

针对控制性能指标是否适用于高超声速飞行任务评价，研究了底层指标的可行性分析方法。首先分析了高超声速飞行器的模型特性，指出底层指标具备高超声速飞行器评价可行性的两点要求。根据上述要求将可行性分析转化为对于任务变量到底层评价指标的映射分析，并提出了一种基于统计实验分析的检验方法。结合高超声速飞行器模型特点，进一步设计了可行性分析流程。然后，分别以静态任务要求和速度、高度跟踪任务要求为例，对应提出频域性能指标和时域性能指标的可行性分析方法。最后针对频域性能指标评价静态任务的可行性设计仿真实验加以验证。仿真结果表明可行性分析的结论与军标观点一致，而且所提出的分析流程具有较好的可实现性。     

航空发动机防火安全性设计与验证分析

防火能力是影响航空发动机安全性水平的重要特性之一。旨在为防火安全性设计和评估验证工作提供参考与借鉴,针对航空发动机的高安全性需求,借鉴国外航空发动机研制技术经验以及相关标准和适航规范,分析了航空发动机防火安全性的能力要求。从选材控制可燃物、细节消除火源、防火墙阻止火势蔓延3方面提出了防火设计策略。对防火试验中的分类、火焰条件、试验状态、程序以及判据进行了研究,明确了考核试验内容及方法。研究可为航空发动机承研单位提供指导,为使用部门鉴定或适航审查提供依据,为相关标准的制定和修订提供参考。     

军用飞机试飞验证标准化应用研究

根据军用飞机试飞验证技术特点及标准需求,分析了试飞验证标准化存在的问题;基于标准化的原理、方法,提出了开展试飞验证标准的顶层规划,进行试飞验证标准体系建设,以及开展标准论证、标准编制方法、标准技术内容确定方法等军用飞机试飞验证标准化工作的技术途径,并提出了试飞验证标准的贯彻和应用等标准化工作的内容和方法,为军用飞机试飞验证技术标准化提供了借鉴和指导。     

Radar technology in the Czech Republic

A contemporary status of radar technology in the Czech Republic is reviewed in this paper. We may find activity in many different directions in this field now. Those are: new primary radar development both for military and civil application, primary and secondary radar upgrades, new passive radar development for civil application, ELINT and ESM equipment, intruding alarm radar sensors for commercial application/high mass production, radar warning and seeking receivers and military targets RCS minimization.     

满足适航要求的嵌入式操作系统测试方法

以被定义为DO-178C Level A级软件的自主版权嵌入式实时操作系统为应用模型，提出了一种基于DO-178C标准的嵌入式实时操作系统的测试方法。提出的测试模式解决了操作系统内核在目标机中难以测试的问题，同时对操作系统在目标机环境进行测试的一些具体问题给出了解决方案。方法既适合现阶段国军标对软件测试提出的要求，又保证了嵌入式操作系统软件测试活动与适航要求的符合性。     

COTS based open systems for military avionics

The DoD has many acquisition programs that are aggressively implementing open architecture principles in new avionics systems. Since “open” is an unclear attribute, projects eventually give in to a point solution that has no flexibility to cost effectively keep up with rapid changes in technology. The Open Systems Development Initiative (OSDI) project utilized COTS products to study the feasibility of building an open system that has plug-and-play capabilities. Lessons learned from the AV-8B Open Systems Core Avionics Requirements (OSCAR) and the F/A-18 Advanced Mission Computers and Displays (AMC&D) programs clearly indicated that understanding the underlying interfaces is crucial to keeping the system as open as possible to take advantage of the rapid changes in technology. A matrix of Key Open Standard Interfaces (KOSI), called the KOSI matrix, was developed and an applicable standard was identified for each interface. A list of non-conforming interfaces was also identified and the use of extensions or wrappers was investigated in an attempt to comply with standards. Standardization, rather than optimization of such interfaces, was considered more beneficial. It became evident that, with the exception of ruggedization, there is no difference in the use of COTS products for either commercial or military systems. Performing a KOSI analysis helped identify the key interfaces and standards, thus enabling the OSDI system to be scalable, portable and interoperable. A good KOSI matrix provides a vehicle for clear communication and helps systems integration and technology insertion to be less painful than what it is today. It helps reduce time-to-market and provides guidance to systems engineers and vendors to keep the system open     

带PMC背板的VME模块热加固技术研究

目前,大量的工业级芯片及电子模块产品已经开始运用到军用电子产品领域.通过对某机栽计算机中的带PMc背板的VME模块的热加固方法进行分析,阐述了工业级芯片及电子模块产品军用化的热加固基本思想和方法,揭示了在对工业级产品进行加固时应注意的问题,从而为有效解决该类模块的热加固问题打下基础.     

开放式结冰条件模拟技术研究

在-1—-9℃的环境温度条件下,采用开放式结冰条件模拟技术可以为民机或军机发动机短舱防冰系统性能试验模拟出合适的结冰气象条件。采用气液两相喷嘴模拟水雾结冰环境时,所采用气体和液体的纯度是过冷水滴产生的先决条件,气液两相压差、风洞吹风速度和试验对象距离是影响结冰气象参数的关键因子。采用改造后的FM-100传感器可实现对结冰气象参数的实时测量。通过升降机构、小角度俯仰和万向轮等辅助结构设计,开放式结冰条件模拟系统可以满足不同试验对象的试验要求,可以适应不同风向的试验环境。具备非常广阔的推广应用前景。     

ULM battery technology review and applications update

The Ultra Low Maintenance (ULM) battery technology and its historical performance validation programs are reviewed. Recent military flight test programs are discussed and the growing lists of both military and commercial aircraft flying ULM batteries are presented     

直升机桨叶耐颗粒物/砂磨蚀标准分析

在分析研究直升机桨叶耐颗粒物/砂磨蚀标准主要技术要素的基础上,全面对比分析了MIL-STD-3033、ГОСТР52560-2006、GJB 1171-1991等国内外标准的基本内容,提出了装备研制及标准化工作相关建议。     

Firewire in modern integrated military avionics

High performance communications, navigation, and identification (CNI) functions on modern military aircraft are increasingly required for mission readiness. The operation of simultaneous waveforms through an integrated avionics rack of shared resources becomes a test in moving data rapidly from one signal processing stage to the next. The IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is a commercial high bandwidth bus whose 64-bit addressing and maximum 400 Mbits/second throughput satisfies this demanding military avionics interconnect need. The challenge in applying this commercial product to integrated avionics is the requirement to seamlessly add message priority encoding. By having message priorities, the slower strategic communications links will not impair the performance of higher data rate tactical communications, thereby avoiding potentially life-threatening bottlenecks. The flight environment imposes additional challenges to ruggedize the cabling between integrated avionics racks and to utilize the full capabilities of the Firewire bus. A discussion of the physical, data link, network, and transport layers, as used in avionics applications will be done. Additionally, the versatility of 1394 in military avionics with its variable channel sizes, bandwidth on demand, hierarchical addressing, and upgrade to 800 and 1600 Mbps with a 64-bit wide data path, is emphasized. Finally, system maintenance advantages of 1394's hot pluggable features are discussed, with an eye toward cost reduction on the flight line and total operational time of the aircraft avionics systems