应用时间裕度法评估人-机系统飞行安全

采用临界参数确定飞行风险,提出了安全飞行时间裕度概念,根据安全飞行时间裕度和飞行员操纵干预滞后时间评估飞行安全。研究了不利因素影响下的飞行员操纵干预滞后特性。给出了临界参数分别为过载和高度时,飞行安全时间裕度的计算方法。实现了对人-机系统飞行安全的定量评估,并给出了风险概率。     

带有不确定因素的最优拦截制导律

本文从微分对策观点出发,利用极小极大原理讨论了带有不确定因素的最优拦截制导律。在选择特定的过渡时间时,最优拦截制导律具有综合形式。仍由二部分组成:一部分是变系数比例导航,另一部分是与导弹加速度有关的修正项。     

A Correlation Polarimeter for Noise-Like Signals

Optimum estimation (tracking) of the polarization plane of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave is determined when the signal is a narrow-band Gaussian random process with a polarization plane angle which is also a Gaussian random process. This model is Compared to previous work and is applicable to space communication. The estimator performs a correlation operation similar to an amplitude -comparison monopulse angle tracker, giving the name correlation polarimeter. Under large signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the estimator is causal. Performance of the causal correlation polarimeter is evaluated for arbitrary SNR. Optimum precorrelation filtering is determined. With low SNR, the performance of this system is far better than that of previously developed systems. Practical implementation is discussed. A scheme is given to reduce the effect of linearly polarized noise.     

单片机在船舶位置测控系统中的应用

介绍一种以AT89C55／51单片机为核心的主从机船舶位置控制系统。驾驶员在船长室通过键盘给定理想航向信号，选择航向传感器一电罗经测出实际航向信号，将这两个信号进行运算和处理，然后发出理想的舵偏转角信号给从机。从机安装在舵机所在现场，由精密电位器测出实际的航角信号，从机将其与理想的舵角信号进行比较，并发出控制步进电机转动的信号，从而系统快速可靠地实现船舶位置的串级控制。主从机之间的通信以RS-422标准实现。文中介绍了该系统的结构，详细分析系统原理并给出软件框图。     

脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆控制规律

点火起爆过程对爆震波形成起关键作用。点火起爆过程和充填过程紧密相连，合理控制点火起爆是保证脉冲爆震发动机稳定工作的前提，研究中定义了点火起爆控制因素，给出了点火时刻估算方法，分析了点火延时和点火频率影响因素，在理论分析基础上给出脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆控制规律。     

热障涂层厚度涡流检测技术研究

利用涡流检测技术,确定了热障涂层(TBCs)中各部分材料的电磁特性.根据TBCs结构特点及材料的电磁特性,建立了TBCs理论模型,进行了模拟试验,分析了影响厚度测量的影响因素.制作了不同结构的TBCs试样,进行了测量试验,取得了较为满意的结果,并得到了涡流检测TBCs厚度的校准试样要求.     

On Processing Optical Images Propagated Through the Atmosphere

The problem of how to process optical images that have propagated through a turbulent atmosphere is considered. It is assumed that either the object or its (free-space) scattered field at the receiving aperture is known, except for unknown parameters that are to be estimated. Isotropic and homogeneous turbulence as discussed by Tatarski and Chernov is assumed. It is assumed that a very short (in time) reception is made, that the turbulence-induced complex phase errors are either small or have a correlation distance short relative to the receiving aperture extent, and that the object is within an isoplanatic region. The method of maximum likelihood (ML) is used as a criterion; its applicability is discussed. The ML image-processing structure is found and is nonlinear. Asymptotic cases are examined; among other conclusions, it is shown that the ML processing of independent receptions is more complex than an ML processing of the sum of the receptions. A coherent optical system that realizes the ML image processor is described; it includes the capability to generate the scattered field. Simplifications are pointed out.     

基于改进RBF神经网络的某型机载雷达电路故障诊断

RBF神经网络在故障诊断中的应用是一个十分热门的研究课题。但RBF神经网络用于故障诊断需要大量的隐含层节点,隐含层节点越多其训练时间越长。针对此问题,提出了一种改进的RBF神经网络故障诊断方法。通过仿真实例,可以看出隐含层的节点大大减少,训练时间缩短,该方法用于雷达故障诊断非常有效。     

五孔探针的标定技术

实验装置:标定风洞为一个抽吸式风洞,直径Φ100mm,精心设计制造的双曲螺线进气唇口能保证进气流场均匀。进气唇口外部加了一个整流网罩,以减小外部扰动对流场的影响。该风洞的Ma数范围为0.11～0.147。探针耙能在俯仰偏航和上下三个方向运动。而被标定的针头始终处于流场的同一点。相应的度量机构能够以较高的精度测出α,β的值的大小。该风洞流场的品质分别经总压探针、静压探针和热线校测过。      

二乙烯基苯/聚碳硅烷的配比与交联研究

以二乙烯基苯(DVB)为交联剂，通过改变其与先驱体聚碳硅烷(PCS)的配比，研究了PCS体系的交联性质。结果表明：DVB在该体系中具有交联剂和溶剂双重作用，降低DVB的配比，可以提高陶瓷产率，DVB的配比以0．4为宜；为减少体系中的DVB，添加了PCS的良性溶剂四氢呋喃，使陶瓷产率达到了76％。结构研究还发现，该体系交联反应主要以DVB自交联形式进行，DVB与PCS之间的硅氢化反应不明显。     

余度传感器系统中传感器配置结构和奇偶向量的最优化

 本文研究了余度传感器系统传感器的配置和奇偶向量的选择问题,从输出和检测性能最优的准则出发,给出了配置结构和奇偶向量的求解途径,并将它同现有的一些方法进行了比较。     

MSK and Offset QPSK Modulation with Bandlimiting Filters

It is considered by some that minimum shift keying (MSK) is spectrally more efficient than quaternary phase-shift keying/offset quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK/OQPSK). An analytical method is presented here for determining the detection efficiencies of MSK and QPSK/OQPSK when the constant-envelope signal is passed through a set of filters and when the resulting signal is corrupted by Gaussian noise. The detection efficiency of MSK is compared with that of QPSK/OQPSK when a four-pole Butterworth filter is used as a transmit filter and for two different receive filter functions. When the two-sided 3-dB bandwidth of the transmit filter is between approximately 1.00/T and 1.50/T, it is shown that the detection efficiency of MSK is not substantially different from that of QPSK/OQPSK. For more severe bandlimiting of the signal, the performance of MSK is shown to be inferior to that of QPSK/OQPSK. It is, therefore, concluded that MSK does not have significantly better detection efficiency when the effect of bandlimiting filters is taken into account.     

Flexible loop filter design for spacecraft phase-locked receivers

A flexible loop filter design for spacecraft phase-locked receivers is proposed. The loop filter is implemented as digital hardware with coefficients that are set by registers. Either a perfect or an imperfect integrating loop filter can be effected. This flexibility is important since not one type of loop filter is preferred for all circumstances. An imperfect integrator is preferred when, as is often the case for spacecraft receivers, it is important to minimize the best-lock frequency drift of an idling loop. A perfect integrator is preferred when the tracking performance of the loop is the most important consideration     

pH值对凝胶注模氧化铝陶瓷料浆性能的影响

重点研究了在低粘度,高固相体积分数氧化铝浓悬浮体制备过程中,料浆的pH值对料浆性能的影响。结果表明:当pH值达到5左右时,Al_2O_3颗粒在水中的Zeta电位等于0,此时,料浆的粘度最大,分散效果最差。当pH值达到9时,Zeta电位的绝对值达到最大,此时料浆的悬浮稳定性最佳。     

An efficient algorithm for multisensor track fusion

An efficient algorithm for track-to-track fusion by incorporating cross-covariance between tracks created by dissimilar sensors is described. An analytical solution of this problem is complicated if cross-correlation between sensors tracking the same target is taken into account. An explicit solution of the cross-covariance matrix at steady state is derived in terms of an integral. It is shown that solution of this integral involves inversion of a matrix whose elements are functions of parameters of individual trackers. Structure of this matrix is analyzed. An efficient analytical solution for inversion of this matrix is obtained. For fusion of similar sensors, it is shown that this matrix is reduced to the Routh-Hurwitz matrix which arises in the study of steady state stability of linear systems. Numerical results showing the amount of reduction of fused track covariance by taking into account the effects of cross-correlation between candidate tracks for fusion is also presented     

机翼／外挂的次谐颤振响应

对机翼／外挂次谐颤振响应作近似分析。从机翼分离出的外挂被视为简谐激振力作用下的带间隙分段线性振子,研究这种振子的对称周期响应及其分叉。采用Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ映射方法得出分叉条件,再用当量线化法导出分叉条件近似式,并用它来预示机翼／外挂颤振系统的次谐响应。算例表明这种近似分析是可行的。     

SMA智能复合材料结构的有限元分析与实验研究

建立了嵌入形状记忆合金(SMA)丝作为智能驱动器的智能复合材料层板结构模型,并对结构变形进行了分析。对SMA的本构关系进行了推导,得到了不同温度下的应力应变关系,并加入了界面的柔化折算,采用数值方法求解。驱动器镶嵌于层板表面或内部,根据电阻反推得到准确的温度。不同温度下的驱动变形计算结果同试验结果吻合较好。对结构的振动特性进行了测试,得到了不同温度下的模态频率变化。     

图像边缘提取的启发式搜索算法

常规的图像边缘提取方法容易受到噪声的影响,导致了大量不连续边缘的产生。本文试验了一种基于边缘分段自增强的启发式搜索(EdgeDetectionalgorithmbasedonHeuristicSearchED-HS)算法,该算法通过对边缘检测后图像的遍历搜索获得各种可能的边缘轨迹,然后对每条搜索轨迹进行分段自增强,最后根据增强程度的积累决定图像边缘。文中阐述和分析了算法的机理,并以加入了高斯噪声的“Lena图像”作为样本进行了计算验证。结果初步证明了该算法能够在较高的噪声条件下有效的提取到连续、清晰的边缘。     

一种快速航空图像去雾算法

 基于暗元先验规律的图像去雾算法去雾效果较好,但在进行介质透射率估计时会造成图像中出现方块效应,所以需要进行图像抠图处理。而图像抠图计算复杂度非常高,使得图像去雾时间消耗很大。本文提出一种快速图像去雾算法,使用Kuwahara边缘-角点保持滤波器对大气散射光进行估计,并对所采用的Kuwahara滤波器进行改进。通过增加子块的数目以及进行局部加权等,提高边缘保留效果,抑制方块效应,从而获得较为准确的介质透射率。实验结果表明本文算法时间复杂度低,图像去雾效果好。     

中国地方官员经济竞争目的解说——一种激励经济学语境

运用激励理论可以解释中国地方官员经济竞争为何效率低下。由于官员外在激励的条件不具备,结果扭曲了官员的行为目的和行为选择,表现在：一是激励报酬缺乏。由于激励具有财政约束,不得已对官员采用非货币报酬激励,结果导致了代理人经济竞争的政治目的。二是业绩考核欠准。委托人目标难确定和代理人产出难评价,为官员通过经济竞争实现政治目的提供了条件。如果使委托人目标确定和代理人产出评价容易,则又会出现委托人目标片面和代理人产出评价简单的问题,同样使官员的政治目的容易实现。官员激励条件欠缺也造成外在激励的有效性缺乏,由此也突出了官员内在激励的重要性。