Optimization of the trajectory of the spacecraft insertion into the system of heliocentric orbits

The possibility of the spacecraft insertion into the system of operational heliocentric orbits has been analyzed. It has been proposed to use a system of several operational heliocentric orbits. On each orbit, the spacecraft makes one or more revolutions around the Sun. These orbits are characterized by a relatively small perihelion radius and relatively high inclination, which allows one to investigate the polar regions of the Sun. The transition of the spacecraft from one orbit to another has been performed using an unpowered gravity assist maneuver near Venus and does not require the cruise propulsion operation. Each maneuver transfers the spacecraft into the sequence of operational heliocentric orbits. We have analyzed several systems of operational heliocentric orbits into which the spacecraft can be inserted by means of the considered transportation system with electric propulsion (EP). The mass of the spacecraft delivered to these systems of operational orbits has been estimated.     

Nonlinear 6-DOF control of spacecraft docking with inter-satellite electromagnetic force

Compared to traditional docking systems, spacecraft docking with inter-satellite electromagnetic mechanism has distinct advantages. However, its 6-DOF control problem has not been adequately investigated. From our knowledge, this paper attempts to study the 6-DOF control problem for the first time. Based on the far-field electromagnetic force model and Hill's model, the dynamic model of translational motion is derived; using tracking control strategy, LQR method and estimate of Extended State Observer (ESO), an optimal and robust translational controller is designed to satisfy relative position/velocity requirements of soft docking. Representing the attitude of the docking spacecraft pair by unit quaternion, the attitude dynamic and kinematic models with quaternion expression are derived; using behavior-based coordinated control approach and ESO, a decentralized attitude controller is designed to simultaneously align one spacecraft with its absolute desired attitude and with the other spacecraft of the docking pair, requiring no angular velocity measurement and exhibiting better robust capability. The feasibility and performance of this proposed 6-DOF controller are validated by theoretical deduction and simulation results.     

多航天器反步滑模SO(3)协同控制

针对多航天器系统的姿态协同控制问题，基于特殊正交群(Special Orthogonal Group, SO(3))提出了滑模协同控制设计方法。结合有向通信拓扑，建立了多航天器SO(3)姿态模型。在此基础上研究了SO(3)上协同误差形式，提出了适用于协同控制器构造的SO(3)指令设计方法。为了解决姿态奇异问题，根据SO(3)姿态特性引入补偿项并设计了相应的滑模面，进一步采用反步法完成了SO(3)协同控制器设计，同时给出稳定性分析过程。提出的反步滑模方法保证了协同控制器在整个姿态空间内的适用性，使得多航天器系统能够实现稳定的姿态协同。文中采用两组多航天器系统仿真校验了所提协同方法的有效性。     

失效航天器的姿态机动接管控制

为实现失效航天器寿命延长的目的,采用接管控制技术接管失效航天器姿态控制系统。针对姿态机动接管控制中,失效卫星参数不确定和推力器构型矩阵突变的问题,提出一种基于控制系统重构的失效航天器姿态机动接管控制方法。首先采用指令滤波backstepping控制来重构姿态机动接管控制律,并利用Lyapunov方法分析系统稳定性;然后对推力器构型矩阵进行重构;最后考虑燃料消耗和控制输入受限问题,通过基于约束最优二次规划的动态控制分配算法对推力器推力进行控制重分配。采用本文方法实现了对燃料耗尽航天器和部分执行机构失效航天器的姿态机动接管控制。数值仿真证明了该方法的有效性。     

航天器新型非奇异饱和终端滑模姿态控制

针对刚体航天器姿态机动过程中存在的控制饱和与外部干扰问题,提出一类基于新型非奇异饱和终端滑模面的有限时间控制器设计方法。该控制方案不仅保证姿态机动过程的快速性,而且避免了传统的终端滑模面所带来的奇异性问题。此外,本文建议的控制器不仅显式考虑执行器输出力矩的饱和幅值要求,使航天器在饱和幅值的约束下完成姿态控制任务,而且控制器的设计对外部干扰的上界没有任何要求,也无需作任何小角度的假设。进一步的稳定性分析表明,通过引入新型非奇异饱和终端滑模,该控制器使得闭环系统能够快速收敛到滑模面的微小邻域内,继而收敛到平衡点的微小邻域内,并且系统对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。数值仿真校验了该控制器在姿态机动过程中的性能。     

A novel single thruster control strategy for spacecraft attitude stabilization

Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

低轨航天器磁推进方法

基于地球空间磁场的磁作用效应,提出了一类低轨航天器无工质消耗的磁推进方法,并对航天器的高度保持进行了研究。该方法具有作用机理明晰、物理结构简单、控制策略灵活等特征。以磁场对磁体作用的磁矩理论为基础,建立了带磁航天器飞行的磁推力模型,提出了基于磁力线追踪策略的轨道高度保持方法。利用熟知的IGRF11地磁模型,通过数值仿真计算,验证了磁推进方法对于600～1000km圆轨道航天器进行高度保持的有效性。     

挠性航天器的鲁棒多目标姿态控制器设计

航天器挠性附件的振动难以直接测量且对航天器的姿态控制精度产生不利影响。为解决这一问题,提出一种基于观测器的鲁棒多目标姿态控制系统设计方法,借助特征结构配置的参数化方法,给出了含有自由参向量的控制器以及观测器的完整参数化形式。通过对自由参向量的多目标优化选取,使控制系统具有良好的鲁棒性和干扰抑制能力,并避免了控制输出饱和现象的发生。对一个挠性航天器的设计实例表明了方法的有效性。
     

欠驱动刚性航天器可行轨迹生成算法研究

研究了仅有两个独立控制力矩的轴对称欠驱动刚性航天器的可行轨迹生成问题。首先,由系统模型推导出轴对称欠驱动航天器可行轨迹必须满足的状态约束条件;其次,基于轴对称欠驱动航天器的微分平滑特性,提出了一种可行轨迹生成算法。该算法针对欧拉角姿态描述的系统模型,不仅能够有效地简化系统平滑变换中的奇异点避让问题,而且即使是在大角度机动的情况下,仍然能够保证轴对称欠驱动航天器的姿态角速度和相应的控制输入力矩始终保持在合理的范围内。仿真结果表明,该算法计算量小、计算速度快,这使得欠驱动航天器后续的轨迹规划和轨迹跟踪等算法的在线实际应用成为可能。     

基于滚动优化和微分Theta-D方法的快速绕飞航天器姿轨协同控制

针对近距离快速绕飞的视线保持要求和姿轨耦合特点,研究航天器姿轨协同最优控制方法。建立了六自由度相对运动耦合非线性模型,偏心推力矢量同时提供位置和姿态控制能力;考虑到近距离相对运动对动态性能的高精度要求,不同于无限时域经典Theta-D方法,提出了一种包含终端状态约束的滚动优化有限时域最优控制快速解算方法,推导了中间过程微分Riccati方程和微分Lyapunov方程的横截条件。控制器设计充分考虑了有限脉冲小推力器和有限力矩输出装置的约束。对近距离快速绕飞的仿真结果说明了方法的有效性,所提方法在保证相对运动稳定和动态性能的前提下控制输出幅值小,具有工程实际意义。     

一种挠性航天器的对偶四元数姿轨耦合控制方法

为解决复杂的挠性航天器的姿轨控制问题,对于挠性航天器的姿轨耦合动力学建模与控制展开研究。基于对偶四元数原理,推导给出一套挠性航天器的姿轨一体化动力学模型。此种模型能够紧凑描述航天器的轨道和姿态,且能够自动引入航天器平动、转动与挠性附件振动三者之间的关联耦合作用。基于此模型设计了一种自适应位置姿态跟踪控制器,该控制器能够在航天器质量特性参数未知的情况下,对其位置和姿态进行轨迹跟踪控制,并使位置和姿态误差收敛。该自适应控制器还可对航天器上挠性附件对系统的耦合作用进行估计,进而在控制输出中对其进行补偿,提高卫星控制系统的稳定性。通过仿真对控制律进行校验,结果表明该控制律对挠性航天器控制效果良好,具有一定的工程应用参考价值。     

An attitude control approach for compensation of satellite drift in elliptic synchronous orbits

This paper explores the possibility of developing a new attitude control method for satellites in elliptic, 24-hour orbits, in order to compensate for the effect of longitudinal periodic drift relative to the ground station. A simple solar attitude control technique has been proposed for achieving the fixed apparent satellite orientation with respect to the ground segment of the space mission. The proposed control approach appears to be quite attractive for various satellite applications as it can substantially overcome the problems created by the continual periodic angular drift as well as undesirable pitching excitation in the elliptic orbits. Generalizing the analytically developed open-loop control policy results in a significant improvement of the controller performance.     

航天器姿态大角度机动有限时间控制

针对航天器姿态大角度机动控制问题,在存在外部扰动的情况下,基于航天器姿态跟踪系统的标准级联特性,利用反步法和自适应控制设计有限时间控制器。提出的控制方法可以严格保证姿态大角度机动系统是全局有限时间稳定的。李雅普诺夫理论推导和仿真结果表明,系统在控制器的作用下可以快速机动到平衡点并保持稳定,全物理仿真试验进一步表明了所提出的控制方法的有效性和优越性。     

液体多模态晃动充液航天器姿态机动复合控制

主要研究多模态液体晃动时充液航天器大角度姿态机动动力学与控制问题。采用液体晃动弹簧质量等效力学模型将液体燃料前两阶液体晃动模态纳入到充液航天器耦合动力学模型中;根据动量矩守恒定律推导出充液航天器耦合系统动力学方程。针对充液航天器大角度姿态机动同时抑制燃料晃动的问题,采用自适应动态输出反馈的姿态控制方法并结合基于前馈控制的多模态ZVD输入成型器设计复合控制器。通过数值模拟给出了液体晃动响应及航天器姿态机动的时间历程图,数值仿真结果表明了本文所给出复合控制方法的有效性。     

基于时频域分析的轮控航天器姿态控制规律参数整定

研究了轮控航天器姿态控制规律的设计与参数整定问题。采用xyz转序欧拉角描述航天器姿态,建立了航天器动力学及运动学方程,并设计了非线性解耦控制律,使得各回路可独立设计PID控制器。以滚动回路为例,分析了PD控制参数与系统带宽、截止频率、相位裕度等多项频域指标的关系,从而设计有效的稳态控制器以应对挠性结构振动和系统时延等;接着根据姿态控制特性给出了积分参数选取及积分饱和处理策略;同时为快速完成姿态机动,结合时间最优控制特性分析了控制参数与机动角度的关系;此外,执行机构效率和系统干扰力矩等因素也被用于控制参数域的整定。最后利用整定策略设计了某型卫星的姿态控制器,并通过频域分析和数学仿真检验了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

Cubature Kalman filtering for relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation

A novel relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation approach based on cubature Kalman filter is derived. The integrated sensor suit comprises the gyro sensors on each spacecraft and a vision-based navigation system on the deputy spacecraft. In the traditional algorithm, an assumption that the chief?s body frame coincides with its Local Vertical Local Horizontal (LVLH) frame is made to construct the line-of-sight observations for convenience. To solve this problem, two relative quaternions that map the chief?s LVLH frame to the deputy and chief body frames are involved. The general relative equations of motion for eccentric orbits are used to describe the positional dynamics. The implementation equations for the cubature Kalman filter are derived. Simulation results indicate that the proposed filter provides more accurate estimates of relative attitude and position over than the extended Kalman filter.     

受细胞膜放电模型启发的航天器姿态鲁棒控制

研究了具有模型参数不确定和受空间环境干扰影响的挠性航天器姿态大角度快速机动快速稳定控制问题,设计了一种受细胞膜放电模型启发的鲁棒姿态控制器。综合考虑挠性航天器的强非线性和强耦合特性,设计了对模型参数和环境干扰具有鲁棒性的姿态机动控制器。为了减小机动中姿态突变激发的挠性附件振动,基于细胞膜放电的动力学模型设计了一种改进的鲁棒控制器。当参数不确定范围和干扰有界时,所提鲁棒控制器可使闭环系统的解最终一致有界。最后,分析了控制器参数对姿态控制性能及所需能量的影响。数值仿真验证了所提鲁棒控制器用于姿态机动控制可以得到良好的效果。     

一种带精确补偿的卫星姿态快速机动控制方法

针对挠性卫星姿态敏捷机动中,挠性模态和星体转动惯量不确知,进而影响前馈补偿的有效性的问题,提出一种将非线性状态观测器和转动惯量辨识相结合的精确补偿控制方法。证明了一般挠性卫星动力学的非线性项满足Lipschtiz条件,可引入非线性观测器,实现了挠性模态的准确估计。设计了一种基于角速度最优阶拟合的转动惯量校正方法,进一步提高前馈补偿的精度和姿态机动的快速性。数学仿真对比结果表明：本文所提的精确补偿控制方法,能够有效减少挠性附件振动和转动惯量不准确对姿态控制的影响,提高姿态控制的响应速度,满足挠性卫星机动过程的快速性和稳定性,适用于挠性卫星的姿态敏捷机动控制。     

复杂约束下航天器姿态机动球面几何规划方法

针对航天器进行大角度姿态机动过程中约束多且复杂的问题,提出一种基于球面几何的姿态规划方法.该方法将复杂指向约束描述为多个禁入锥,设计了区分有效约束和无效约束的路径约束检测方法,能有效减少当前路径处理的约束数量;然后将三维空间避障问题映射到二维平面上,通过球面几何距离公式推导了中间姿态指令解析解.仿真结果表明,该方法规划...