基于变量贡献率的MSPC异常识别方法

异常识别是多元统计过程控制(MSPC, Multivariate Statistical Process Control)方法有效应用的关键.针对现有研究对历史异常信息利用的不足,综合考虑了主成分变量贡献率与重构误差变量贡献率对异常识别的影响,将两种变量贡献率进行归一化处理并求和得到综合变量贡献率;提出了一种基于综合变量贡献率的MSPC异常识别方法,并基于matlab计算平台实现了该算法.通过田纳西过程故障模式仿真及异常识别,对该方法的应用及算法有效性进行了实例验证.     

超机动飞机的非线性飞行控制研究

介绍了应用非线性动态逆理论进行战斗机过失速机动条件下飞行控制律设计的具体过程,首先根据奇异摄动理论将受控状态变量分为快变量和慢变量两个层次,快变量为三个角速率,慢变量为迎角、侧滑角和速度滚转角,然后根据非线性动态逆理论分别对内环和外环进行设计,其中外环控制器的输出作为内环控制器的输入指令.最后对所设计的飞行控制律利用过失速机动仿真来加以验证,结果表明本文设计的飞行控制律完全能够在过失速机动条件下控制飞机跟踪指令飞行.     

高超声速飞行器尾喷管的优化设计

以喷管上壁折转角、下壁长度、舵面长度及其折转角为设计变量,结合遗传算法和特征线法对高超声速飞行器尾喷管进行了优化设计,并对设计变量进行了参数研究.结果表明,所采用的优化设计方法计算效率高且比较准确,特别适合于高超声速飞行器尾喷管的优化设计;所采用的4个设计参数均能有效地影响尾喷管的气动性能,其中喷管上壁折转角和舵面折转角分别对喷管的升力和推力的影响相对明显,对其进行均衡选择方能得到最优的结果.      

含函数型自变量回归模型中的变量选择

针对含有函数型和多元向量数据的回归模型中变量选择和参数估计问题进行研究,扩展了函数型数据分析和变量选择方法的应用范围。首先,函数型自变量基于函数型主成分基函数空间进行投影;然后,对投影后的函数型自变量（按组）及多元向量自变量采用惩罚变量选择方法,同时估计相应的系数。惩罚项调节参数采用自适应调节参数,损失函数采用中位绝对损失函数,以此为例,通过引入松弛变量将估计算法转化为求解线性规划问题,算法复杂度低。数值模拟结果表明,所提方法对于含函数型自变量回归模型的变量选择和参数估计均具有良好效果。      

CCD光学遥感器参数选择研究

介绍了由衍射受限非相干成像系统的衍射分辨率引出的截止频率及混叠的概念. 为了对采样成像系统获得的图像质量进行量化, 使用图像质量因子(λF/P)表示探测器对光学系统线扩散函数采样的程度. 进一步分析了光学遥感器参数选择与信噪比的关系. 选择实际的焦距9 m, F 数为18 的空间光学系统, 利用ZEMAX 软件的像模拟功能, 对选择8.75 μm 和13 μm 像元尺寸的CCD 所获得的图像进行了模拟仿真. 仿真获得的结果验证了图像质量因子和信噪比对图像分辨率的影响.      

发动机-变量泵-变量马达驱动系统分层控制

为充分发挥工程车辆用发动机及液压系统的工作性能,并同时提高其在动态条件下的功率传递效率,对发动机-变量泵-变量马达(三变量)组成的串联型液压驱动系统控制策略进行研究.对驱动系统各个部分进行参数匹配,确定各环节的额定计算工况; 提出自适应分层控制策略,以系统效率最大化为目标,主动调节发动机、变量泵以及变量马达的工作点,主动适应负载功率需求.在MATLAB/Simulink软件中对系统进行后向建模,仿真结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够有效地保证系统高效率的功率传递,通过优化发动机工作点降低油耗.      

基于Gram-Schmidt过程的判别变量筛选方法

利用Gram-Schmidt过程,在自变量集合中选择对判别分类解释性最强的信息,删除对分类无显著解释作用的信息以及重复解释的信息,并把挑选出来的解释变量集合变换成若干直交变量.一方面实现了判别分析模型中的变量筛选,同时也解决了自变量多重共线条件下的有效建模问题.在选入变量的过程中运用F统计量检验变量的判别作用,更容易被统计应用人员所接受.为了说明所提算法的合理性和有效性,以Fisher判别分析建模为例,通过仿真数据建模取得了合理准确的分析结论.      

基于可能性矩的混合不确定性全局灵敏度分析

在同时包含随机不确定性和模糊不确定性结构系统中,为了分别度量随机输入变量和模糊输入变量对输出响应的统计特征的影响,提出了随机输入变量和模糊输入变量的全局灵敏度新指标。在模糊变量可能性矩定义的基础上,分析了混合不确定性下输出响应的特征。从输出响应可能性矩的角度出发,以输出响应的可能性期望为例,通过比较输出响应有条件和无条件可能性期望的概率密度函数(PDF)的平均差异,分别建立了随机输入变量和模糊输入变量关于输出响应的可能性期望的灵敏度指标。讨论了所提指标的性质,并采用Kriging代理模型来提高混合不确定性全局灵敏度指标的计算效率。最后通过算例验证了本文所提方法的准确性和高效性。     

巡航导弹群突防舰载反导系统快速分析模型

针对巡航导弹初始设计阶段需要频繁进行人机对话的特点,引入拦截弹拦截性能修正因子的概念,综合运用导弹分析方法中的估计方法与检验方法,以突防效率为评价指标采用新思路建立了巡航导弹群突防舰载反导系统快速分析模型,为初始设计阶段提高巡航导弹作战性能提供快速、可靠的数学工具.基于所建立的快速分析模型,对影响巡航导弹突防典型舰载反导系统的主要因素进行灵敏度分析,分析结果可为巡航导弹设计指明方向.     

无人机全包线模糊T-S建模

针对无人机大包线一体化飞行控制要求,提出全包线模糊T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)建模方法.该方法根据非仿射系统的局部线性化原理,将模糊T-S建模转化为仅对模糊规则中隶属度函数的中心和宽度的优化过程,优化的代价函数为模糊T-S模型对无人机全包线稳定性和操纵性的逼近误差的加权值.基于敏感度逐步扩展前件变量的模糊集以实现全局优化,确定模糊规则的数量和隶属度函数的初值.采用对正则因子启发式调整的Levenberg-Marquardt算法进行快速的局部优化.算例表明,建模算法收敛迅速,所建立的模糊T-S模型采用少量模糊规则实现了对无人机全包线稳定性和操纵性的高精度逼近,适用于无人机全包线一体化控制.     

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO MERIDIAN PROJECT

Early in 1994, sponsored by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and then the State Science and Technology Commission of China (SSTC, now Ministry of Sci ence and Technology), Chinese space scientists (including scientists from Taiwan) gathered together to discuss issues on the development of space physics researches in China. Following it, several special seminars were held to continue the discus sion which finally led to a proposal to CAS and SSTC for establishing a station chain along the 120°E to monitor the space environment. This proposal was care fully reviewed and thoroughly evaluated by many leading scientists in the com munity and then listed in the State Plan of Chinese Central Government in June 1997. The project then has been formally called as "Meridian Chain of Compre hensive Ground-Based Space Environment Monitors in the Eastern Hemisphere" "Meridian Project". After several years of preparations the project has been par tially initiated with the efforts devoted by institutes and universities involved.     

Effect of geomagnetic disturbances on physiological parameters: An investigation on aviators

Over the last years the potential effect that the geomagnetic activity may have on human physiological parameters (such as heart rate, arterial diastolic and systolic pressure) is being widely investigated with irrefutable results. As it is suggested, human health can be affected by solar activity and related geophysical changes. In this study a group of 4018 Slovak aviators was examined from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2002, covering periods with high solar and geomagnetic activity. Specifically, medical data of mean values of arterial diastolic and systolic blood pressure, which were registered during the medical examinations of the Slovak aviators, were related to daily variations of Dst and Ap geomagnetic indices. All subjects were men (from 18 to 60 years old) in good health. Statistical significance levels (p-values) of the effect of geomagnetic activity on the aforementioned parameters up to three days before and three days after the geomagnetic event were established using the statistical method ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA). Statistical analysis of the arterial blood pressure variations for different levels of geomagnetic activity revealed that geomagnetic changes are connected to variations of the human physiological parameters.     

Three dimensional simulation studies on bright points in the solar corona

The interaction phase of the Converging Flux Model (Priest et al., 1994) for the formation of coronal X-ray bright points is investigated self-consistently by means of magnetohydrodynamical simulations. In these simulations the three-dimensional dynamical evolution of two mutually approaching magnetic structures of opposite polarity is studied. During the ideal phase of the approach a current sheet forms in the region above the polarity inversion line and the low-β coronal plasma is compressed and heated locally. Stronger plasma heating on shorter time scales occurs due to magnetic reconnection as soon as a finite anomalous resistivity leads to a violation of the ideal Ohm's law. Both processes together might account for quasi-stationary soft X-ray emissivity of bright points, flaring of tiny filaments within X-ray bright points, and jet-like plasma flows in the vicinity of bright point features.     

Assessing ecohydrological factors variations and their relationships at different spatio-temporal scales in semiarid area,northwestern China

As a typical semiarid farming-pastoral ecotone sensitive to the environmennt, the Plain of West Liaohe Basin (WLBP) is currently experiencing drastic environmental changes. To identify how environmental change affect vegetation in the WLBP, we analysed spatiotemporal variation characteristics of Ecological environment factors based on monthly and annual air temperature (T), precipitation (P) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2015. And the correlations between them were investigated by correlation analysis (Simple correlation, partial correlation and complex correlation) at temporal and spatial scale. The results showed that: (1) the vegetation growth of the WLBP showed ameliorated trend, with a change rate of 0.004/yr.; (2) P was more sensitive to NDVI than T; (3) and the influence of hydrothermal changes on vegetation growth was more significant than that of the change of single climate factors at time scales; (4) the effects of anthropogenic factors on vegetation change were 75.07% (1982–1993) and 98.08% (1994–2015), respectively. At the temp-special scales, P&T and land use type change (LUCC) were the main climatic and anthropogenic factors that affect vegetation changes, respectively.     

Space law education in China: Status quo,shortcomings and possible ways out

Space law education has an essential role in the space capacity building of a country because of its importance for human resources development in space law. Comparisons between Canada and China, the European Union and China and the United States of America (USA) and China in space law degree education, course, teaching methodology, institute and practice and communication platform are provided in an attempt to review some issues which exist within the Chinese space law educational system and to seek a better choice for China’s space law education reform. Chinese space law education has achieved noticeable progress over the past two decades. However, it is still limited in comparison to its counterparts in Europe and Northern America. The range of the space law degree education programmes and space-law-related courses is comparatively limited. A gap remains between space law education and practice in China. Chinese space law classes are still dominated by the teacher-centred teaching methodology, although several universities have some new teaching practices. The establishment of seven space law-related research institutes plays an increasingly important role in Chinese space law education, space law and policy research and legal advisory services for the Chinese government and non-governmental sectors. However, these institutes still have a long way to go in comparison with their counterparts in Europe and Northern America. While China has established domestic research platforms for space law communication through international cooperation, it does not provide space law practice platforms for space law education. While international space law does not provide a direct legal foundation for space law education in China, Chinese educational laws can lay a profound legal foundation for Chinese space law education. To promote its national expertise and capacity in space law, based on the three-pillar model and the experiences of its counterparts in North America and Europe, China should adopt a systematic and sustainable regime for its space law education.     

Wide field cameras for SAX

SAX is an Italian X-ray satellite with a Dutch contribution that will be placed in orbit in 1994. The prime scientific object of SAX is to cover an energy bandwidth that ranges from 0.1 keV up to 200 keV. Among other instruments, SAX will consist of two X-ray Wide Field Cameras built by the Space Research Organisation Netherlands at Utrecht. The WFCs are based on the coded mask principle, the reconstruction of the image takes place on ground. The field of view is 20 degrees square full width at half maximum (FWHM), the angular resolution 5 arcminutes (FWHM) and the energy band ranges from 1.8 to 30 keV with a resolution of 18% at 6 keV. The sensitive area is 200 cm² at 6 keV. The mask pattern is based on a pseudo random array with 255 × 257 elements of 1 mm², 50% of which are transparent.     

Comparison of GPS S/C orbits determined from GPS and SLR tracking data

The last two Global Positioning System (GPS) spacecraft launched on August 30, 1993 and March 10, 1994 carried identical laser retroreflector arrays that allow laser ranging from ground stations. Tracking of these targets is a low priority for most of the ground stations due to the present mandatory support of missions with no alternative tracking. The available data is sparse and concentrated primarily on the first of the two spacecraft, GPS-35 (PRN 5). Despite this, analysis of this data set indicates that there is great potential for engineering and scientific experiments in a synergistic application of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and radiometric GPS techniques.     

基于多尺度梯度及深度神经网络的汉字识别

介绍了一种基于多尺度滑动窗的方法提取文字的梯度直方图特征,并结合深度神经网络对印刷体汉字进行识别.针对梯度直方图的空间关系,使用可伸缩的滑动窗对图像进行分割,在不同尺度上获取文字的特征信息,有效融合汉字的全局特征和局部分块特征.实验采用5层的深度神经网络模型对国标一级3755个印刷体汉字进行分类,并应用Dropout技术防止训练过拟合,提高神经网络的泛化能力.实验准确率达到98.292%,有较好的识别性能,验证了本文多尺度梯度特征及深度神经网络模型在文字识别上的有效性.      

From organic chemistry in small bodies of the solar system to low temperature chemistry in the universe. Preface.

A COSPAR two days Symposium has been dedicated to "Prebiotic chemistry in Space" at the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, (Hamburg, Germany, July 1994). This Symposium was jointly organized by Commissions B (Space studies of the Earth-Moon system, planets and small bodies of the solar system) and F (Life sciences as related to space). Its goal was to review, from an interdisciplinary approach, our knowledge on organic and prebiotic chemistry in small bodies of the Solar System, and on low temperature chemistry and exobiology. The Symposium was sponsored by COSPAR and the IAU (session 1), ESA, NASA, and ISSOL (session 2).     

基于DFT的水射流红外热像频域时空分析

基于二维离散傅里叶变换及空间频谱分析,对水射流湍流脉动的空间尺度进行了研究,得到了由红外辐射温度表征的被动标量湍流场在对流区、耗散区、惯性子区的特征空间尺度及其时间演化规律.对射流不同区域的关心点重新采样,得到湍流场中关心点的时间序列,利用一维离散傅里叶变换,分析了对流区大尺度涡中心、惯性子区小尺度涡中心、耗散区及射流轴心线上各关心点的湍流波动特征.计算了时间序列频谱的分形维数,研究了自由湍流不同尺度区间上述各关心点湍流脉动的分形特征.