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Even though there are methods for the nonlinear propagation of the covariance the propagation of the covariance in current operational programs is based on the state transition matrix of the 1st variational equations, thus it is a linear propagation. If the measurement errors are zero mean Gaussian, the orbit errors, statistically represented by the covariance, are Gaussian. When the orbit errors become too large they are no longer Gaussian and not represented by the covariance. One use of the covariance is the association of uncorrelated tracks (UCTs). A UCT is an object tracked by a space surveillance system that does not correlate to another object in the space object data base. For an object to be entered into the data base three or more tracks must be correlated. Associating UCTs is a major challenge for a space surveillance system since every object entered into the space object catalog begins as a UCT. It has been proved that if the orbit errors are Gaussian, the error ellipsoid represented by the covariance is the optimum association volume. When the time between tracks becomes large, hours or even days, the orbit errors can become large and are no longer Gaussian, and this has a negative effect on the association of UCTs. This paper further investigates the nonlinear effects on the accuracy of the covariance for use in correlation. The use of the best coordinate system and the unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) for providing a more accurate covariance are investigated along with assessing how these approaches would result in the ability to correlate tracks that are further separated in time. 相似文献
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非合作大目标位姿测量的线结构光视觉方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
空间机器人与非合作大目标交会接近最终段,单目相机不能获取完整的特征图像而无法完成相对位姿测量。针对此问题,提出基于线结构光和单目视觉的相对位姿测量方法。以非合作大目标上的局部矩形特征为测量对象,首先,建立相对位姿测量模型并给出四个测量坐标系之间的关系;其次,通过相机对不完整矩形和线结构光的约束获得四个特征点在相机坐标系下的坐标;然后,利用四个特征点计算相机坐标系与目标坐标系之间的转移矩阵;最后,将转移矩阵分解得到矩形特征的相对位姿。通过改变影响测量精度的输入误差和标定误差等因素对该方法进行仿真验证,结果表明该测量方法是有效的。 相似文献
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捷联惯导与小视场星跟踪器构成惯性/天文组合导航系统,核心思想是利用星体跟踪器的高精度测角信息设计滤波修正算法对捷联惯导的导航姿态、方位和位置误差进行滤波估计并修正,以限制捷联惯导系统导航误差随时间的发散,最终提高系统长航时导航的导航精度。在分析小视场星体跟踪器量测量与SINS导航误差之间关系的基础上,设计了两种不同的组合导航算法:位置+方位修正算法和误差角组合导航修正算法。在此基础上对两种算法的导航精度进行了理论分析,并通过长航时仿真飞行数据进行了仿真验证。结果表明:位置+方位修正算法不受载体的位置误差的影响,更适用于星体跟踪器间断工作的情况;误差角组合算法不受载体姿态误差的影响,更适用于SINS初始位置误差得到有效修正的情况。 相似文献
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用标定和亚像素技术实现三维运动目标的高精度测量 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文介绍一种利用多种亚像素图像技术提取目标及网格节点,并采用新的摄影系统标定与系统误差修正技术,用多个摄像机实现对有特殊标志的空间三维运动目标的高精度测量方法。 相似文献
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This paper presents an orbit determination program based on two algorithms: Kalman filtering and Rauch smoothing. Novel adaptation of these algorithms lets obtain a posteriori statistical estimations of evolution and measurement noises and of their standard deviation. Analysis of results about these noise estimations lets regulate optimally the a priori levels of noise standard deviations and detect eventually model errors. Such use is presented for Earth observation satellites, at first with simulated data, then with real data (TIROS N satellite). 相似文献
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Optical navigation for guidance and control of robotic systems is a well-established technique from both theoretic and practical points of view. According to the positioning of the camera, the problem can be approached in two ways: the first one, “hand-in-eye”, deals with a fixed camera, external to the robot, which allows to determine the position of the target object to be reached. The second one, “eye-in-hand”, consists in a camera accommodated on the end-effector of the manipulator. Here, the target object position is not determined in an absolute reference frame, but with respect to the image plane of the mobile camera. In this paper, the algorithms and the test campaign applied to the case of the planar multibody manipulator developed in the Guidance and Navigation Lab at the University of Rome La Sapienza are reported with respect to the eye-in-hand case. In fact, being the space environment the target application for this research activity, it is quite difficult to imagine a fixed, non-floating camera in the case of an orbital grasping maneuver. The classic approach of Image Base Visual Servoing considers the evaluation of the control actions directly on the basis of the error between the current image of a feature and the image of the same feature in a final desired configuration. Both simulation and experimental tests show that such a classic approach can fail when navigation errors and actuation delays are included. Moreover, changing light conditions or the presence of unexpected obstacles can lead to a camera failure in target acquisition. In order to overcome these two problems, a Modified Image Based Visual Servoing algorithm and an Extended Kalman Filtering for feature position estimation are developed and applied. In particular, the filtering shows a quite good performance if target's depth information is supplied. A simple procedure for estimating initial target depth is therefore developed and tested. As a result of the application of all the novel approaches proposed, the experimental test campaign shows a remarkable increase in the robustness of the guidance, navigation and control systems. 相似文献
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任务空间内空间机器人的复合自适应控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对于本体姿态受控而位置不受控的空间机器人系统 ,考虑存在参数不确定性 ,本文在任务空间内提出了一种复合自适应控制方法 ,证明了这种自适应方法不但可以保证末端执行器任务空间内位置轨迹跟踪误差的渐近收敛 ,而且还可保证关节空间内角速率偏差及估计误差的渐近收敛。仿真结果验证了算法的有效性 相似文献
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GPS/速率陀螺组合Kalman滤波姿态确定算法研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
建立了GPS/速率陀螺组合姿态估计系统的模型,研究比较了三种典型的Kalman滤波姿态确定算法:状态扩充法、量测量求差法和时变噪声估计跟踪自适应滤波算法。给出了某航天器采用GPS/速率陀螺组合姿态确定的仿真计算结果,并对结果进行了分析。结果表明,与传统Kalman滤波算法比较,时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法和量测量求差滤波算法能较好地消除GPS测量中相关时变噪声的影响,提高姿态确定的精度;而且时变噪声跟踪自适应滤波算法能很好地消除由于噪声统计性能的不确定性对Kalman滤波的影响,提高姿态确定系统的性能。 相似文献
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A. V. Rodnikov 《Cosmic Research》2006,44(1):58-68
The motion of a space object in the gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The object consists of an extended space station and a weight, which is free to move along the cable fixed to the ends of the station. It is assumed that the station is composed of two masses coupled by a weightless rod, while the cable is weightless and non-stretched. The equations of motion of such a system are derived for the case when the motion proceeds in a single plane, while the center of mass of the system moves along a circular geocentric orbit. The conditions of the cable tension (conditions of being on tie) are derived. The phase portrait of the weight motion along the cable is constructed when the station is oriented to the attracting center or is perpendicular to this position. The possibility to leave the tie in this case is analyzed. Equilibrium configurations of the system are found, i.e., such motions of the object under consideration at which the weight does not change its position relative to the station. Lyapunov stability of such configurations is analyzed for two situations: when the station is composed of equal masses and when masses at the ends of the station are different. In particular, for the case of different masses it is established that there exist such positions of equilibrium at which the dumbbell is located at an angle to the direction to the attracting center. In some cases these positions can be stabilized (if the weight is fixed on the cable). 相似文献
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A free floating platform is realized with a pneumatic suspension system which enables a two-dimensional test of complex space operations, such as rendezvous and docking. The platform is equipped with a IMU and actuated via cold gas thrusters. In addition, an on-board camera is used to acquire a target and its image is processed for evaluating the control actions needed to reach it. A technique for determining the relative position and velocity with respect to target using the same visual device is proposed and realized. The novel algorithms and relevant experimental results are presented. The tested accuracy of the relative navigation system is not very high, but the guidance algorithm, which is image based and has just a weak dependence on the position information, is robust enough to perform a successful maneuver. The error between the final acquired target image and the desired final target image is of the order of one pixel, notwithstanding all the testbed disturbances. 相似文献
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In recent years some communications satellites lost their ability due to the failure of mechanisms to deploy, which resulted in large cost. A space robotic system is expected to perform the on-orbit repairing mission. This is a tremendous challenge since the targets are generally non-cooperative, i.e. no facilities used for relative state measurement are mounted on the targets. Moreover these targets are very large. Limited by the FOV (field of view), a monocular camera cannot supply enough information of the targets in close range. In this paper, a method based on two collaborative cameras is proposed to determine the pose (position and orientation) of a large non-cooperative target. Firstly, we designed a sensing system used for the non-cooperative measurement, according to the investigation of the characteristics of communications satellites. A rectangular feature, which is common in the configuration of a satellite, is chosen as the recognized object. Secondly, we proposed that two cameras share the recognition task in a collaborative behavior, i.e. each provides partial image of the rectangle, and the full feature is then obtained by fusing their information. Lastly, the corresponding algorithm of image processing and pose measurement is addressed. Simulation results of typical cases verify the proposed approach. 相似文献
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交会对接微波雷达多径试验是在地面模拟两个飞行器在轨交会对接过程中由舱体表面及遮挡对微波信号造成反射干扰的一种试验,其目的是验证激光雷达系统功能及安装位置的合理性。在近20 m远的距离上,对飞行器舱体上的微波雷达天线和微波应答天线进行角度及距离的精确测量。文章通过对试验环境、测量项目分析及不同精测方案比对,采用激光跟踪仪直接测量舱体结构,获得了准确的基准数据,有助于指导微波雷达在飞船轨道舱上的精确安装和提高交会对接微波雷达多径试验的精度。激光跟踪仪首次应用于交会对接微波雷达多径试验,相比经纬仪在航天器基准测量中具有更大的优势。 相似文献
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针对高轨伴星时差频差无源定位系统中卫星位置、速度、时差和频差等参数的测量系统误差严重影响定位精度的问题,提出了一种基于四个或四个以上已知位置的地面标校源的高斯-牛顿定位算法。该算法首先利用差分法消除星间时差、频差测量的系统误差,再利用标校源的时差频差测量方程组估计出主星和伴星的相对位置和相对速度误差,最后结合时差、频差、地球球面以确定非合作辐射源位置。理论和数字仿真均表明在时差和频差测量的随机误差较小时,本文算法的均方根误差(MSE)接近克拉美-罗下限(CRLB)。
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空间环境探测卫星用磁强计误差分析及在线标定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用于探测日地空间磁环境的磁强计多数安装在伸杆的末端,长期受太阳辐射等空间环境干扰力矩以及机动等影响,磁强计安装矩阵随时间发生较大的变化,从而导致卫星定姿精度下降。为此,在分析空间环境干扰力矩和磁强计定姿误差特性的基础上,建立了19维高精度的磁强计误差模型,结合卫星的运动学和姿态动力学特性,采用EKF滤波方法对安装矩阵进行实时估计与修正补偿,并利用该磁强计模型实现卫星的姿态确定,最后利用实验进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法能够在满足星载计算机的计算量要求的同时,在线估计安装矩阵误差,显著提高了磁强计的误差估计精度与定姿精度。 相似文献