飞轮扰动经验模型参数的识别与改进

对飞轮扰动模型参数的精确识别是研究光学卫星高稳定度、高分辨率成像的基础. 目前, 飞轮的扰动模型识别主要有两种: 经验模型和分析模型. 经验模型需要识别的参数是谐波级数和幅值系数, 而当前存在的参数识别算法忽略了时域截断的影响, 导致幅值系数识别存在较大偏差, 这会引起扰动响应分析的不确定性. 针对上述情况, 提出了窗函数法和与其相关的频域恢复技术, 有效弥补了时域截断的影响. 通过实验仿真结果可见, 该方法大幅度提高了幅值系数的识别精度.      

空间平台姿态联合控制律设计

空间平台发射有效载荷会对平台姿态产生很大的扰动,为快速消除扰动影响并使平台稳定,选取推力器与反作用飞轮进行姿态联合稳定控制,提出了基于推力器的极小时间控制律和基于反作用飞轮的滑模变结构控制律,前者用于快速抑制扰动,后者用于姿态精确稳定,并提出一种控制律切换方法.对空间动能发射后平台的姿态稳定过程进行数学仿真,结果表明,设计的姿态联合控制律能够快速抑制平台姿态扰动,最终消除挠性部件振动达到精确稳定.     

空间平台姿态联合控制律设计

空间平台发射有效载荷会对平台姿态产生很大的扰动,为快速消除扰动影响并使平台稳定,选取推力器与反作用飞轮进行姿态联合稳定控制,提出了基于推力器的极小时间控制律和基于反作用飞轮的滑模变结构控制律,前者用于快速抑制扰动,后者用于姿态精确稳定,并提出一种控制律切换方法.对空间动能发射后平台的姿态稳定过程进行数学仿真,结果表明,设计的姿态联合控制律能够快速抑制平台姿态扰动,最终消除挠性部件振动达到精确稳定.     

飞轮隔振平台组合系统的动力学建模

为分析隔振平台对星上飞轮扰动的衰减效果,研究了飞轮隔振平台组合系统的动力学建模问题.首先推导出含有静动不平衡量的飞轮加隔振平台组合系统的动力学模型.从模型中得出,飞轮和平台之间存在耦合;转子的静动不平衡会体现为飞轮的多项扰动力和扰动力矩.其次,对这些扰动项进行量级分析,并据此简化系统方程.最后利用数值仿真将简化模型与之前的完整模型作对比,验证了此简化模型的合理性;并通过初步的整星系统仿真,说明了隔振系统对航天器姿态稳定度的改善效果.     

挠性支承对飞轮隔振系统性能的影响分析

飞轮的高速转子在运转过程中会激发微幅多频振动,对航天器的高精度姿态稳定控制产生不利影响.本文基于飞轮隔振系统结构,建立其动力学模型,并通过实验验证该被动隔振装置的固有模态.对增加挠性支承的飞轮隔振系统的数学模型,通过仿真分析隔振装置在挠性支承条件下对飞轮扰动的抑制效果,实验测试了不同挠性支承条件对飞轮隔振系统微振动特性的影响.结果表明,隔振装置在悬臂挠性支承条件下依然具有优异的隔振性能,挠性支承刚度的适当减弱有利于飞轮隔振系统抑制扰动;挠性支承刚度会降低飞轮隔振系统的二阶结构固有振动频率,但基本不影响其涡动特性.     

基于干扰观测器的磁悬浮姿控飞轮电机控制

由于磁悬浮飞轮转子不平衡振动的存在,飞轮力矩/转速控制精度受到影响.为有效地对不平衡振动干扰进行估计,提出了一种针对时变谐波扰动的非线性干扰观测方法,观测器的动态与稳态性能可以根据系统要求设定,具有全局一致收敛性;在非线性干扰观测器的基础上设计变结构控制器对飞轮转速进行控制并对干扰进行补偿,通过改进变结构控制器的滑模函数与控制律系统抖振可以有效地削弱.仿真与实验结果表明:基于非线性干扰观测器的变结构控制器具有很好的扰动抑制能力和动态响应、稳态误差调节能力,可用于实现飞轮输出力矩控制.     

电离层中小尺度扰动的多频多普勒快速探测与分析

电离层反射回波的高频多普勒频移测量是研究电离层扰动的重要方法之一.利用基于单频信号相位变化率测量的实时探测方法,获取连续高精度多频多普勒频高图,以实现中小尺度电离层扰动的快速探测研究.该方法被应用于敏捷式高性能电离层无线电多频探测系统样机平台.经验证在该平台上获取的多普勒频移分辨率可达0.039Hz,频高图探测周期最短小于1min.基于这种快速探测方法和平台在武汉观测站进行了较长时间的观测和数据采集,获得高精度多普勒频移并反演出电子浓度等值面法向运动速度,得到电离层反射寻常波的多普勒频高图和垂直扰动速度等信息,进而推演出电离层扰动随时间和空间的实时变化特征.对这些时域信号进行频谱分析,初步结果显示这些扰动主要是由极区活动激发的中国中部地区冬季出现率较高的中尺度TID.此外,对三种常用的电离层扰动反演分析方法进行了对比研究,结果显示电离层扰动的变化趋势基本一致,说明观测数据和研究方法可靠稳定,为多频多点电离层扰动的传播特性观测研究提供了基础.      

磁悬浮飞轮微振动特性及其主动振动控制方法研究

为了进一步减小磁悬浮飞轮的振动力和力矩,建立并分析了一种特殊结构的磁悬浮飞轮的微振动模型,并利用微振动测量平台、数据采集分析硬件和软件,通过试验测量了磁悬浮飞轮6个自由度的振动力和力矩.分析其时域特性和频域特性,其振动特性图(瀑布图)显示了径向两个平动方向X和Y的振动力主要是同频分量、倍频分量以及模态量,其中同频分量较为明显.利用开闭环自适应陷波,分别对X、Y两个方向的振动力进行主动振动控制,取得了较好的控制效果,使得两个方向的振动力的同频量显著下降.     

飞轮振动频谱特征的初步理论分析和验证

飞轮振动是影响卫星姿态控制精度的重要因素。通过理论分析的方法初步分析了飞轮振动频谱的基本组成特征,其中包括滚动轴承的振动特性。理论分析表明,飞轮径向振动频谱中主要包括飞轮旋转频率成分及其高次倍频成分。最后利用振动测量实验数据验证理论分析结果的合理性和准确性。     

飞轮轴承润滑最佳油量的估算方法及实验验证

卫星姿控飞轮通常采用一对精密油润滑角接触球轴承进行旋转支撑.由于飞轮长寿命、高可靠、高精度要求和独特的空间环境,轴承采用微量油润滑.润滑油过多和不足都将导致飞轮轴承摩擦力矩增大和寿命降低,因此存在轴承润滑最佳油量.基于弹流润滑理论,提出了飞轮轴承润滑最佳油量的理论计算方法,并通过球-盘摩擦副进行实验验证.实验结果验证了飞轮轴承润滑最佳油量理论计算方法的有效性.     

Vertical mass and moisture structure from TIROS-N

During the First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE), global determinations of mass and moisture were made from TIROS-N (and NOAA-6) infrared and microwave sounding radiance measurements. At NESS in Washington, the meteorological data were produced operationally with a horizontal resolution of 250 km for inclusion in the FGGE level II-b data sets intended for application to large scale numerical analysis and prediction models. High horizontal resolution (50 km) sounding data sets are being produced by NESS and the Space Science and Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin and at the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center for special case studies of the “Special Observing Periods” of FGGE.Results are presented to display the characteristics of the sounding data at different resolutions. For the low horizontal resolution data, an evaluation is shown by comparisons of global analyses made only from satellite soundings over land and sea, and those made operationally by the National Meteorological Center, which excluded satellite sounding data over continental areas, but included all conventional data sources. For the high horizontal resolution sounding data, results are presented to demonstrate the delineation of small scale temperature and moisture features which are consistent with the meteorological processes involved.     

鲲鹏elax-1B火箭头体分离后章动运动分析与仿真

2016年4月鲲鹏elax-1B探空火箭在海南儋州台站发射.箭头与箭体分离之后,瞬间进入大章动运动状态,超出预期设计的技术指标范围.基于这种运动现象,分析了鲲鹏elax-1B头体分离后箭头章动可能的产生原因,建立了稀薄大气下准刚体箭头的姿态动力学方程,并通过数字仿真方法模拟了箭头的章动运动.与实际飞行姿态进行对比,得出了导致章动发散的主要原因,为后续探空火箭的设计提供理论参考.      

NASA's Space Life Sciences Training Program.

The Space Life Sciences Training Program (SLSTP) is an intensive, six-week training program held every summer since 1985 at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). A major goal of the SLSTP is to develop a cadre of qualified scientists and engineers to support future space life sciences and engineering challenges. Hand-picked, undergraduate college students participate in lectures, laboratory sessions, facility tours, and special projects: including work on actual Space Shuttle flight experiments and baseline data collection. At NASA Headquarters (HQ), the SLSTP is jointly sponsored by the Life Sciences Division and the Office of Equal Opportunity Programs: it has been very successful in attracting minority students and women to the fields of space science and engineering. In honor of the International Space Year (ISY), 17 international students participated in this summer's program. An SLSTP Symposium was held in Washington D.C., just prior to the World Space Congress. The Symposium attracted over 150 SLSTP graduates for a day of scientific discussions and briefings concerning educational and employment opportunities within NASA and the aerospace community. Future plans for the SLSTP include expansion to the Johnson Space Center in 1995.     

Space Weather Service for Chinese Space Science Satellites

Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science has gained remarkable achievements. Space Environment Prediction Center (SEPC) affiliated with the National Space Science Center (NSSC) has been providing space weather services and helps secure space missions. Presently, SEPC is capable to offer a variety of space weather services covering many phases of space science missions including planning, design, launch, and orbital operation. The service packages consist of space weather forecasts, warnings, and effect analysis that can be utilized to avoid potential space weather hazard or reduce the damage caused by space storms, space radiation exposure for example. Extensive solar storms that occurred over Chinese Ghost Festival (CGF) in September 2017 led to a large enhancement of the solar energetic particle flux at 1 AU, which affected the near Earth radiation environment and brought great threat to orbiting satellites. Based on the space weather service by SEPC, satellite ground support groups collaborating with the space Tracking, Telemetering and Command system (TT&C) team were able to take immediate measures to react to the CGF solar storm event.      

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

The James Webb Space Telescope is a 6.5 m, infrared space telescope designed to be launched in 2013 aboard an Ariane 5. The JWST program is a cooperative program with the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) managing the project for NASA. The prime contractor for JWST is Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST). JWST’s international partners are the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). JWST will address four major science themes: end of the dark ages: first light and reionization; the assembly of galaxies, the birth of stars and protoplanetary systems; and the formation of planetary systems and the origins of life. We discuss the design of the observatory and review recent progress on the JWST program.     

Space Weather Outreach: An informal education perspective

Informal science education institutions, such as science centers, play an important role in science education. They serve millions of people, including students and teachers. Within the last decade, many have tried to improve the public’s understanding of science and scientific research through informal education projects. The recent success of several space weather-related missions and research programs and the launch of the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) research and education programs make this an ideal time to inform the public about the importance and relevance of space weather to our understanding of heliophysical science. Communication efforts associated with space weather both benefit and are compromised by analogies to terrestrial weather. This paper summarizes the benefits and challenges of the terrestrial weather analogy using two exhibit evaluation studies. The paper also describes three components of the Space Science Institute’s Space Weather Outreach Program – Space Weather Center Website, Educator Workshops, and Small Exhibits – and how they can help to achieve the education goals of IHY.     

Active learning for advanced students: The Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling graduate summer school

In recent years there has been considerable research in undergraduate physics education regarding the application to classroom instruction of techniques that are generally referred to as active engagement techniques. However, in very few cases have such pedagogical strategies been applied to graduate-level instruction. In this paper we describe an innovative application of a variety of active engagement techniques at the graduate summer school conducted by the Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling, a Science and Technology Center funded by the National Science Foundation. We believe that the model presented here can serve as a valuable guide to other group contemplating space physics education at all levels, as well as graduate education generally.     

PREFACE

As you have seen from the cover page, this issue of Chinese Journal of Space Science is devoted specially to the China-Russia Joint Research Center on Space Weather. In this special issue, 28 papers are selected. Most of them are jointly authored by scientists from both China and Russia. It reflects partially what the joint research center is doing and the interested research area from both China and Russia sides. The joint research center is founded in December 2000 following an official visit by a Chinese delegation led by Mr. AN Jianji, deputy director general of International Cooperation Bureau, Chinese Academy of Science     

改善航天器反作用轮扰动实验模型参数的辨识方法

反作用轮系统是影响航天器姿控系统精度的主要扰动源之一.建立反作用轮扰动模型的目的是预测扰动对航天器产生的影响,并采取相应的控制方法和隔离系统.基于反作用轮的扰动实验模型,通过对反作用轮扰动实验数据的分析,确定出反作用轮扰动实验模型中的参数:谐波数和幅值系数,并在此基础上提出了能量补偿法,最后进行了数值仿真.结果表明,谐波数的辨识精度不超过0.04%,当采用振幅谱法计算幅值系数时,误差高达15.5%;而用能量补偿法,其幅值系数的精度不超过1.1%.可见能量补偿法提高了幅值系数的辨识精度.本文研究为改善航天器姿态控制精度和稳定度奠定了一定的基础.      

Accumulation and effect of volatile organic compounds in closed life support systems.

Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) being considered for long duration space missions will operate with limited resupply and utilize biological systems to revitalize the atmosphere, purify water, and produce food. The presence of man-made materials, plant and microbial communities, and human activities will result in the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A database of VOC production from potential BLSS crops is being developed by the Breadboard Project at Kennedy Space Center. Most research to date has focused on the development of air revitalization systems that minimize the concentration of atmospheric contaminants in a closed environment. Similar approaches are being pursued in the design of atmospheric revitalization systems in bioregenerative life support systems. in a BLSS one must consider the effect of VOC concentration on the performance of plants being used for water and atmospheric purification processes. In addition to phytotoxic responses, the impact of removing biogenic compounds from the atmosphere on BLSS function needs to be assessed. This paper provides a synopsis of criteria for setting exposure limits, gives an overview of existing information, and discusses production of biogenic compounds from plants grown in the Biomass Production Chamber at Kennedy Space Center.