过冷核态池沸腾中的Marangoni效应

分析了过冷核态池沸腾过程中气泡横向运动现象,指出其成因在于相邻气泡界面温度差引起的Mara-ngoni对流对周围液体的吸引.通过对该流动的尺度分析,得到了气泡横向运动特征速度及其可观测度的估算公式,其预测结果与实验观测相一致.特别是对极细小的初始核化气泡,该公式预测了强烈的横向Marangoni对流会导致气泡顶端微射流的形成.该效应在加热面水平向下或微重力沸腾等气泡脱落频率较低的情形中尤为重要.      

环形浅液池内低Prandtl数流体超临界热毛细对流演化

为研究低Prandtl数（Pr）流体热毛细对流演化过程，对环形浅液池内Pr=0.011的流体热毛细对流进行三维数值模拟.研究发现:当Marangoni数较小时，流动为轴对称稳态流动；当Marangoni数超过某一临界值后，流动失稳并转变为热流体波，其波数随Marangoni数增加而减小，而波动主频增大；随着Marangoni数增加，流动加强，沿周向运动的热流体波演变为沿径向运动的径向波，其波数大大减小；当Marangoni数继续增加时，波动频谱曲线噪声增加，呈广谱特性.因此，在计算范围内热毛细对流的演化过程为:轴对称稳态流动-热流体波-单周期径向波-多周期三维振荡流动.      

A sounding rocket experiment on the marangoni convection

During a 6-minutes free flight of a sounding rocket an experiment on the thermal Marangoni convection in a right circular cylindric floating zone was carried out to verify the thermal Marangoni convection by flow visualisation for the first time at 10^?4 g. From the motion picture analysis the velocity distributions are obtained. The interdependence between the two velocity maxima and the S-shaped temperature distribution on the free surface is discussed. The influence of the heat transfer caused by the flow of the surrounding air induced by the thermal Marangoni convection itself is considered briefly.     

Attempt to study Marangoni flow of low-Pr-number fluids using a liquid bridge of silver

In order to experimentally investigate the Marangoni flow of low-Prandtl-number fluids in a liquid bridge geometry under the condition of small Marangoni numbers close to the critical Marangoni numbers Ma_c1 and Ma_c2, the formation of a liquid bridge of silver was attempted. The available temperature difference between the upper and lower rods to obtain a small Marangoni number, such as Ma = 50, was calculated for a 5 mm high liquid bridge for several molten metals. For molten silver, the possible temperature difference was estimated to be 16 K, whereas, for molten silicon, this was 0.38 K, which is unrealistic for the purposes of experiments. For silver, a free surface can be obtained in the wide range of oxygen partial pressures, whereas, for molten silicon, the available oxygen partial pressure range is very small; equilibrium oxygen partial pressure for SiO₂ formation is as low as 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ Pa. A liquid bridge of molten silver was successfully prepared and temperature oscillation was observed; the estimated Marangoni number was 160 and oscillation frequency was 0.26 Hz.     

Marangoni convection in a liquid layer under the simultaneous action of a transverse magnetic field and rotation

Asymptotic stability characteristics with respect to the onset of Marangoni convection in a liquid layer under the simultaneous action of a large transverse magnetic field and a large rate of rotation are investigated. In certain parameter ranges there is a decrease in critical Marangoni number for increasing magnetic field and rotation depending on the coupling between interfacial perturbations and rotation.     

Thermocapillary migration of bubbles and droplets

The migration of a droplet in a large liquid body possessing a uniform temperature gradient is analyzed in the creeping flow limit for small values of the Marangoni number (ε). The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used for the solution of the field equations. The migration velocity is calculated to 0(ε²) and the result reduces to that of Young, Goldstein and Block [10] in the limit of zero Marangoni number.     

Conditions for the onset of temperature oscillations in a simulated floating-zone configuration

The floating-zone method for crystal growth is studied in simulated low-gravity conditions by suspending a drop of fluid vertically between two circular rods and heating the upper rod with a heater. Flow and temperature oscillations are observed under certain conditions. The temperature oscillation level and the oscillation frequency are measured against the Marangoni number for several aspect ratios using hexadecane and Fluorinert as the test fluids. It is observed that, contrary to what has been believed, the Marangoni number is not the proper parameter to describe the onset of oscillation.     

The effect of temperature gradient on the motion of a bubble in reduced gravity

The bubble motion is described as a function of thermal variation of surface tension of a bubble, temperature gradient, gravity, bubble diameter, viscosity and density. The relations among those values are shown in graphs, from which the requirements for the measurements to ascertain the velocity due to thermal variation of surface tension are made clear. According to these requirements, the experiments on the velocity of the bubble in a temperature gradient were conducted and the Marangoni effect on a bubble motion was ascertained.     

Thermocapillary-driven convection in supported and floating-zone crystallization

Marangoni flow was induced in a thin disk of molten tin with an atomically clean surface by heating it from below in an ultra high vacuum apparatus. The radial distribution of temperature was measured and no temperature oscillations were observed. Strong mechanical disturbances introduced at a Marangoni number of about 4300 died out quickly with time indicating that the system was stable. Mathematical models indicate that strong flows in a two cell structure exist under the conditions studied, and that the velocity profile in the cell near the surface is of the bouindary layer type which varies rapidly with depth.     

微重力环境下蒸发液层热毛细对流的数值模拟

提出了一种新模型来研究由单一物质构成的液层在其纯蒸气中的蒸发.液层置于微重力环境中并且受到水平方向温度梯度的作用,液层的热毛细对流和蒸发耦合在一起,使得气液界面的传热传质规律更加复杂.用理论分析的方法求解了不考虑热毛细效应的纯蒸发模型,得出温度场分布和界面质量流量的解析表达式.对于热毛细对流和蒸发耦合情况,采用有限差分的投影算法同时求解Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程,得到了不同蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数下流场和温度场的稳态数值解.论述了蒸发Biot数和Marangoni数对界面传热传质的影响,提出并解释了蒸发和热毛细对流耦合的三种模式.      

Oscillatory thermocapillary convection in floating zones under normal- and micro-gravity

The thermocapillary convection in a floating zone becomes oscillatory, exceeding a Marangoni number of approximately 10⁴. The oscillatory state of thermocapillary convection has been verified under 1 g and 10^?4 g and the features seem to be fairly independent of the gravity level. The transition point from the laminar to the oscillatory state (critical Marangoni number), however, depends on the magnitude and direction of the buoyant force.     

Upwards migration phenomenon on molten lunar regolith: New challenges and prospects for ISRU

As part of our research on the feasibility of producing commodities from lunar regolith by thermal-driven processes with minimal terrestrial precursors we need to characterize, reproduce, and understand thermophysical properties of the molten regolith still unforeseen under the lunar vacuum conditions at a scalable sample size. Two unanticipated phenomena, apparently caused by lunar melt’s surface tension under vacuum, have been revealed in our research work, vacuum void formation and upwards migration. In this paper we present our findings and thinkable explanation on the upwards migration phenomenon experimentally observed and consistently replicated as JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant melted at high vacuum. Upwards migration of molten lunar regolith will make future lunar ISRU’s melting processes both challenging as molten bulk material would migrate upwards along the container’s walls, and also promising on new opportunities for alternative ISRU’s sustainable processes as regolith’s upwards migration takes place in uniformed thin-film pattern. Among the potential ISRU’s processes that might use controlled thermal thin-film-based migration without the necessity of terrestrial precursors are production of feedstock for 3D printing, fractional separation of regolith’s component’s (O₂, metals, and alloys) via pyrolysis, film coating, purification of valuables solid crystals including silicon, and fabrication of key elements for microfluidic, and MEMS devices. Thermal upwards migration phenomenon on JSC-1A’s melt is formulated and explained by the authors as due to thermal Marangoni effect (also known as thermo-capillarity) in which temperature gradients within the melt’s bulk and along the crucible’s wall yield the surface tension large enough to supersede the gravitational force and yield the experimentally observed upwards thin-film migration. As far as the authors know, upwards thermal migration of molten JSC-1A (or other lunar simulant regolith) under vacuum has not been reported in the literature. A thermal mathematical model accounting for thermal Marangoni effect on molten JSC-1A agrees with what experimentally was observed, the formation of the meniscus on the melt-wall surface interface along with an incipient upwards migration in thin-film pattern along the crucible wall that, according to the model, experiences large temperature gradient, an important factor to trigger the thermal Marangoni effect along with the fact that surface tension of the molten lunar regolith material is temperature dependent.     

上随体Maxwell(UCM)流体热毛细液层弹性失稳的理论分析

通过对上随体Maxwell（UCM）流体热毛细液层线性稳定性的研究分析,发现流场会发生弹性失稳.扰动的增长速率随波数的增加而增加.与牛顿流体不同,UCM流体不存在临界Marangoni数,当波数达到某一临界值时会出现不稳定的弹性扰动波.该临界波数随弹性数和Marangoni数的增加而减小,当弹性数趋近于0时,流体即变为牛顿流体,而相应的临界波数趋于无穷.不同波数及传播方向上,弹性波的波速相同,而其增长速率在特定方向上达到最大.能量分析表明弹性波的扰动能量来自扰动应力做功.      

Durbin法在阻尼梁动响应求解中的运用分析

运用铁木辛柯梁理论和K-V阻尼理论，研究了非比例阻尼梁在冲击载荷作用下的频域振动求解方法。推导采用了传统拉普拉斯正变换和基于Durbin公式的拉普拉斯反变换策略（统称拉普拉斯法），发展了阻尼梁系统的动力学方程解法。拉普拉斯法的推演同时涵盖了3种典型的梁边界条件，具有广泛的适用性。数值法的验证采用了特殊构造的比例阻尼点条件，并与基于模态叠加法的求解结果进行了对比分析，且数值算例充分考虑了数值参数和系统参数的影响。计算结果表明:在不同边界条件和受载状态下，拉普拉斯法与模态叠加法均能合理地计算出基本阻尼梁系统的动响应曲线，且两者的求解精度保持在同一量级；同时，捕捉到拉普拉斯法的求解精度会受到系统长细比等参数的影响。拉普拉斯法具有比传统实、复模态叠加法更易操作的特性，但其精度受到了算法固有参数和阶跃外载型式的影响，稳定性仍需进一步提高。      

快速Laplace逆变换

在用积分变换法解航天器断裂问题的数值计算中,往往要求Laplace的数值逆变换。本文分别阐述用Fourier级数展开法,delta函数展开法与用移位Legendre多项式展开法来快速地求出数值Laplace逆变换。     

Two-dimensional convection in liquid layer related to crystal growth techniques in space

In this paper, the Marangoni convection including buoyancy convection in two-dimensional fluid model was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The transparent liquid in the test cell was heated and cooled under various conditions. The fluid flow driven by surface tension and by buoyancy force was visualized and measured. The flow patterns, velocity distributions and temperature field were obtained and they were compared with the results of the numerical solutions. The effect of the configuration and the convection in microgravity on crystal growth was discussed. The temperature field of the crystallizing surface was predicted.     

Correlation of oscillations of flow and temperature in floating zone under microgravity

The correlation between oscillations of flow and temperature of the Marangoni convection in a cylindric floating zone are studied. Photographs of the oscillating flow patterns are taken by triggering with a thermocouple signal of the temperature oscillation to reveal the frequency and phase correlations. Whilst both frequencies coincide, phase shift between temperature and flow oscillations exists.     

Study of the Marangoni convection around a surface tension minimum under microgravity conditions

At equilibrium, aqueous fatty alcohol solutions presents a surface tension minimum versus temperature. The influence of such an extremum on the Marangoni convection is studied. Two experiments have been performed under microgravity conditions (Texus 8 (1983) and Texus 9 (1984) flights). The velocity fields are determined by following the paths of tracer particles and furthermore, in the Texus 9 experiment, differential interferograms have been recorded.     

Fluid physics experiments under microgravity conditions

The proposals for the detailed investigations of the Marangoni Bénard instability problem are described. It will be performed during the Spacelab D2 mission and prepared during Texus sounding rocket flight.     

基于拉普拉斯变换的空间目标碰撞概率计算方法

碰撞概率是空间碎片碰撞预警中评判碰撞发生可能性大小的重要依据,对航天器机动规避具有重要意义。基于拉普拉斯变换的碰撞概率计算方法利用拉普拉斯变换以及幂级数的定义,推导了在短时间接近情况下碰撞概率的幂级数表达式,分析了碰撞概率的截断误差并确定了在不同精度要求下的幂级数项数。针对2009年美俄卫星的碰撞事件,将基于拉普拉斯变换的碰撞概率计算结果与Chan方法、Monte Carlo方法的计算结果进行比较,验证了基于拉普拉斯变换方法在计算精度上的优势。